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Öğe The colostrum quality and composition of simmental and brown swiss heifers [A qualidade e a composição do colostro de novilhas simental e de pardo suiço](Universidade Federal de Uberlandia, 2018) Yaylak E.; Güley Z.; Şayan Y.; Kulay T.The present study was conducted to determine the quality and composition of colostrum samples obtained from Simmental and Brown Swiss heifers on a Turkish dairy farm in Ödemiş, İzmir. The average volume of colostrum obtained from Simmental and Brown Swiss heifers at the first milking was 3.4 L and 3.8 L, respectively. Average colostrometer (Ig) and Brix values were determined as 105.1 mg/mL and 104.9 mg/mL, 29.97 % and 29.68 % of the samples (P>0.05). No significant differences were observed between colostrums’ chemical compositions—including total solids, total protein, solids-not-fat, somatic cell counts (SCC), total bacterial counts (TBC), and energy values of the breeds - except for lactose concentration (P<0.05). The means of TBC were 781,000 and 634,000 CFU/mL for Simmental and Brown Swiss, respectively. The correlations between colostrometer and Brix values in Simmentals and Browns Swiss were 0.85 and 0.81, respectively (P<0.01). On the other hand, the correlations between Log10SCC and Log10TBC in both breeds were found to be 0.66 and 0.65 (P<0.05), respectively. According to the results of the present study, the fat, protein, lactose, and total solid concentrations of both Simmental and Brown Swiss (dual-purpose breeds) were higher than the values reported for Holstein dairy breeds. Although colostrum quality of both breeds was found to be good in terms of Ig concentration, their total bacterial counts were high. Bacterial counts can be reduced with adequate hygiene practices and good colostrum management. © 2018, Universidade Federal de Uberlandia. All rights reserved.Öğe Effects of betaine on performance, carcass, bone and blood characteristics of broilers during natural summer temperatures(2008) Konca Y.; Kirkpinar F.; Mert S.; Yaylak E.This experiment was conducted to determine the dietary supplementations of betaine on performance carcass, bone and blood traits of broilers in natural summer condition. A total of 180 broilers were divided into three experimental groups. The experimental diets were; Control, without any dietary addition, dietary supplemental betaine (Betafin®) 1 g kg-1 and (3) 2 g kg-1. The experimental diets were offered to respective broiler chicks for 6 weeks. Additional betaine decreased body weight at 6 weeks and body weight gain 3-6 and 0 to weeks (p<0.01). Feed intake and feed conversion ratio were not affected by treatments (p<0.05). Dietary betaine supplementation did not affect carcass weight and composition, breast and thigh meat pigmentation and pH value of thigh the broilers. Tibia width was decreased by 1 g kg-1 betaine (p<0.05), but shank and tibia measurements were not affected by betaine. Serum alanin aminotransferase levels were reduced by both 1 and 2 g kg-1 supplementation of betaine (p<0.05), but other blood constituents were not affected. © Medwell Journals, 2008.Öğe Effects of lameness, stage of lactation and body condition score on some blood parameters in Holstein cows(2009) Yaylak E.; Yenisey Ç.; Seyrek K.Effects of lameness, stage of lactation and body condition score on serum AST and ALI activities as well as serum total protein, triglyceride, cholesterol and albumin concentrations in cows was investigated in the present study. Fifty six pure Holstein cows were included in this study. AST, ALT and cholesterol levels were significantly altered by stages of lactation (p<0.05). Total protein, triglyceride, AST, ALT, cholesterol and album in levels were low at early stages of lactation and dry periods; in the course of time, their concentrations increased. However, in late stages of lactation, serum total protein, triglyceride, AST, ALT, cholesterol and album in levels declined. No significant alterations were detected in the blood parameters of lame cows. However, AST, ALT and album in levels were low in cows with a lameness score of 4. Likewise, blood parameters were not affected by body condition. Triglyceride, AST, cholesterol and album in levels are high in cows with higher body conditions (?2.75). © 2009 Academic Journals Inc.Öğe Effects of meal-time feeding and protein restriction on walking ability and some bone and carcass properties in broilers(2008) Konca Y.; Yaylak E.; Önenç A.This experiment was designed to investigate the effects of meal-time feeding and protein restriction on performance, gait score (GS) and carcass and bone traits in broilers. A total of 420 1-day-old chicks were wing banded and randomly distributed into 21 pens with 20 chicks each. At 7 days of age, chicks were weighed and randomly assigned to one of the three treatments: (1) control (C) feed (23.02% crude protein (CP)) was available ad libitum; (2) meal-time feeding (MF); control feed was available from 0100 to 0900 h and from 1500 to 2300 h. Food was withdrawn from 0900 to 1500 h and whole wheat (10 g/bird per day) was dispersed on the floor from 7 to 21 days; and (3) low-protein (LP) diet (19.71% CP) was fed to the chicks from 7 to 21 days. All of the groups were fed ad libitum from 1 to 7 days of age and from 21 to 45 days of age with a standard commercial diet. Individual body weight was measured on days 7, 21 and 45. Feed consumption was measured from 7 to 21 days and from 21 to 45 days. Forty-two chicks were humanly slaughtered and eviscerated for bone evaluation, on days 21 and 45. Also carcass characteristics were determined on day 45. Control group body weight was significantly higher (P < 0.05) at 21 and 45 days of age than the MF and LP groups, which did not differ. Feed intake was reduced by meal-time feeding and LP diet (P < 0.01). Feed efficiency was the best in the MF group during the period of 21 to 45 days of age (P < 0.01). In the control group, shank was significantly longer than that of the LP group and tibia breaking strength was higher than that of the MF group at 21 days (P < 0.05). However, shank width, tibia wet weight and tibia mid-diaphysis ash percentage of the MF group were significantly lower than those of the C and LP groups at 21 days of age (P < 0.05). GS, shank and carcass and tibia bone traits on day 45 were not significant among groups. No compensatory growth and walking ability improvement were observed at 45 days of age for broilers fed with MF and LP between 7 and 21 days of age. © The Animal Consortium 2008.Öğe The effects of several cow and herd level factors on lameness in Holstein cows reared in Izmir province of Turkey(2010) Yaylak E.; Akbas Y.; Kaya I.; Uzmay C.This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of lameness and risk factors for lameness. Data of 1078 Holstein cows from 34 farms in Izmir province of Turkey were evaluated. Lameness was determined by using a Lameness Score (LS) scale with 5 levels. Mean prevalence of lameness (LS = 3) was 28.3%. The percent of the cows with LS 1-4 or 5 were found to be 37.9, 33.8, 20.9%, 5.8 and 1.6%, respectively. Cow-level variables were parity, days in milk, body condition score and hygiene score of lower rear legs. There were 18 herd level variables used to explain the variation in the prevalence of lameness among the herds. LS data were analysed using individual and multifactorial binary logistic regression. About 12 of the 22 potential risk factors investigated in the study were found to be significant (p<0.10) in the individual logistic regression analysis. However, only 9 of the 12 factors remained in the final multifactorial logistic regression model. These significant 9 factors on lameness were parity, body condition score, herd size, animal keeper, total area per cow, soil area per cow, frequency of scraping, ratio of concentrate feed to total feed intake and consulting a feeding expert. © Medwell Journals, 2010.Öğe Farmers' preferences for organic milk production in Izmir, Turkey(2010) Koyubenbe N.; Miran B.; Konca Y.; Yaylak E.; Uzmay A.; Candemir M.This study was conducted to determine farmers' preference for organic milk production and the factors influencing the degree of farmer preferences in Turkey. The data were obtained from a survey of 96 farmers in Izmir, Turkey. The study was conducted using a two-stage methodology. First, fuzzy pair-wise comparison was applied to calculate the degree of preference. Five important factors were hypothesized to affect the transition to organic milk production; the producers were asked to make pair-wise comparisons among these factors. The reasons for farmers' preferences were then determined using a seemingly unrelated regression. The results showed that the most important factors for producers are health of consumer and guarantee of sale. Preferences for these factors are mainly influenced by producers' level of education and farm size. © 2010 Academic Journals Inc.
