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Öğe Drop in mechanical work: A highly reliable fatigue-related output in Wingate All-out Test(Ios Press, 2016) Pekunlu, Ekim; Ozkaya, Ozgur; Yapicioglu, BulentBACKGROUND: Mathematical procedures involved in the calculation of fatigue index (FI) and power drop (PD) are the main reasons why these traditional fatigue-related indices of Wingate All-out Test (WAT) are the least reliable indices. OBJECTIVE: To suggest a highly reliable fatigue-related output calculated by drop in mechanical work production (DMW). METHODS: Twenty-one well-trained male athletes (age: 21.8 +/- 1.9 years, peak power [PP]: 14.7 +/- 1.3 W . kg(-1)) participated in a series of WAT sessions, using 10% of their body mass as the workload, separated by 2-4 days. These WAT sessions were continued until the difference in PP between successive trials was less than 5%. Traditional FI and PD values were calculated using mean power data obtained from 5, 3, 2 and 1-second time intervals and using instantaneous power data, while DMW was calculated by predetermined areas in power-time curve. RESULTS: Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and coefficient of variations (CV) revealed that DMW had higher reliability level (ICC = 0.92, CV = 4.53%) than that of traditional fatigue-related indices (ICC <= 0.91, CV >= 5.71%). In addition, DMW had the lowest limit of "real change" with 10.2% as the minimum detectable change score at 90% confidence. CONCLUSIONS: DMW might be used as a reliable output to evaluate fatigue-related power data of the anaerobic capability. Besides, Monark Inc. may easily modify its Peak Bike 894E software to make 30-second all-out test more reliable for the assessment of fatigability levels.Öğe Effects of a Dynamic Warm-Up, Static Stretching or Static Stretching with Tendon Vibration on Vertical Jump Performance and EMG Responses(Acad Physical Education-Katowice, 2013) Yapicioglu, Bulent; Colakoglu, Muzaffer; Colakoglu, Zafer; Gulluoglu, Halil; Bademkiran, Fikret; Ozkaya, OzgurThe purpose of this study was to investigate the short-term effects of static stretching, with vibration given directly over Achilles tendon, on electro-myographic (EMG) responses and vertical jump (VJ) performances. Fifteen male, college athletes voluntarily participated in this study (n=15; age: 22 +/- 4 years old; body height: 181 +/- 10 cm; body mass: 74 +/- 11 kg). All stages were completed within 90 minutes for each participant. Tendon vibration bouts lasted 30 seconds at 50 Hz for each volunteer. EMG analysis for peripheral silent period, H-reflex, H-reflex threshold, T-reflex and H/M ratio were completed for each experimental phases. EMG data were obtained from the soleus muscle in response to electro stimulation on the popliteal post tibial nerve. As expected, the dynamic warm-up (DW) increased VJ performances (p=0.004). Increased VJ performances after the DW were not statistically substantiated by the EMG findings. In addition, EMG results did not indicate that either static stretching (SS) or tendon vibration combined with static stretching (TVSS) had any detrimental or facilitation effect on vertical jump performances. In conclusion, using TVSS does not seem to facilitate warm-up effects before explosive performance.Öğe Effects of ribose supplementation on anaerobic performance, plasma pH, lactate, ammonia and inorganic phosphate levels(Ios Press, 2012) Yaman, Meltem; Colakoglu, Muzaffer; Turgay, Faruk; Ozkol, Zeki; Aksit, Tolga; Ozkaya, Ozgur; Yapicioglu, BulentThe purpose of this study was to estimate the effects of ribose supplementation on interval anaerobic performance and fatiguing substance concentrations. The study cohort consisted of physically active, young male volunteers (n = 15). With a double-blind cross over study design, each participant completed two all-out anaerobic exercise sessions, one week apart, one by supplementing maltodextrine and the other by supplementing ribose (150 mg/kg in each test). Two repetitions of 30-s maximal performance with a 4-min interval were completed. Blood samples were taken at rest and five minutes after the second sprint repetition. Neither the biochemical parameters: pH (-0.32 +/- 0.09 vs. -0.26 +/- 0.11), lactate (La) (13.8 +/- 1.9 vs. 13.3 +/- 2.7 mM, ammonia (423 +/- 190 vs. 404 +/- 166 mu mol/L), inorganic phosphate (Pi) (0.68 +/- 0.53 vs. 0.72 +/- 0.63 mM) nor the anaerobic output (746.2 +/- 82.5 vs. 760.2 +/- 86.8 watts) were affected by placebo and ribose supplementations significantly (p > 0.05). In conclusion, based on this protocol, anaerobic performance and/or biochemical status are not affected by ribose supplementation.Öğe Re-Evaluation of Old Findings on Stroke Volume Responses to Exercise and Recovery by Nitrous-Oxide Rebreathing(De Gruyter Poland Sp Zoo, 2016) Colakoglu, Muzaffer; Ozkaya, Ozgur; Balci, Gorkem Aybars; Yapicioglu, BulentIt is important to verify the old findings of Cumming (1972) and Goldberg and Shephard (1980) who showed that stroke volume (SV) may be higher during recovery rather than during exercise, in order to organize the number of intervals throughout training sessions. The purpose of this study was to re-evaluate individual SV responses to various upright cycling exercises using the nitrous-oxide rebreathing method. Nine moderate to well-trained male athletes volunteered to take part in the study (maximal O-2 uptake (VO2max): 60.2 +/- 7 mL.min(-1).kg(-1)). Workloads ranging from 40-100% of VO2max were applied to determine individual peak SV (SVpeak) response. Results showed that SV responses were higher during exercise compared to recovery in all exercise loads from 40-100% of VO2max. Mean SV responses to individual SVpeak loads were also higher during exercise compared to recovery (122.9 +/- 2.5 versus 105.3 +/- 5.93 mL). The highest SV responses to 10 min exercises of 40-70% of VO2max were obtained in the 5th or 7.5th min of each stage (p= 0.05). Meanwhile, during 5 min exercises between 80-100% of VO2max, peak SV responses were observed in the 3rd min of loading (p= 0.05). In conclusion, individual SVpeak levels encountered over wide exercise intensity ranges showed that SVpeak development may also be correlated to exercise intensity corresponding to individual SVpeak loads.Öğe Stroke volume responses may be related to the gap between peak and maximal O-2 consumption(Ios Press, 2016) Colakoglu, Muzaffer; Ozkaya, Ozgur; Balci, Gorkem Aybars; Yapicioglu, BulentBACKGROUND: Although several studies have focused on maximal O-2 uptake ((V) over dotO(2max)) measured by a verification phase following the determination of peak O-2 uptake ((V) over dotO(2peak)) by a graded exercise test, an explanation for the underlying mechanisms of the difference between (V) over dotO(2peak) and confirmed (V) over dotO(2max) is scant. OBJECTIVE: To explore the hypothesis that when the difference between (V) over dotO(2peak) and (V) over dotO(2max) (Delta(V) over dotO(2)) increases, the gap between peak stroke volume (SVpeak) and SV level corresponding to (V) over dotO(2peak) velocities (Delta SV) grows. METHODS: Nine moderately to well-trained male athletes ((V) over dotO(2max): 60.2 +/- 7 mL.min(-1).kg(-1)) volunteered to take part in the study. Following familiarization session, volunteers were asked to perform submaximal and maximal graded exercise tests. Then, constant-loading SVpeak tests (using wattages in a range from 40-100% of (V) over dotO(2peak)) and verification phase (using wattages corresponding with 100-110% of (V) over dotO(2peak)) were conducted in a climatic chamber. RESULTS: The Delta(V) over dotO(2) was well correlated with Delta SV (Pearson r = 0.89; p <= 0.001). The mean SVpeak of participants corresponded to 60.3 +/- 18% of (V) over dotO(2peak). (V) over dotO(2max) was significantly greater (11.2%) than (V) over dotO(2peak) (60.2 +/- 7 vs. 54.2 +/- 8.1 mL.min(-1).kg(-1)) (p <= 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: (V) over dotO(2peak) and (V) over dotO(2max) differences may be related to the gap between SVpeak and SV at (V) over dotO(2peak).
