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    Bioactive Phytochemicals from Coconut (Cocos nucifera) Oil Processing By-products
    (Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2023) Celenk, V.U.; Gumus, Z.P.; Ustun, Argon, Z.
    This chapter aims to evaluate the phytochemical compounds of the plant Cocos nucifera (L.) (coconut) and its by-products. Phytochemicals could be used as therapeutic agents and be produced via secondary metabolism in relatively small amounts. Many scientific studies show that carotenoids, phytoestrogens, nondigestible carbohydrates, flavonoids, and prebiotics significantly affect health. They reduce cancer risk due to phenolic antioxidants, anti-inflammatory effects, and dietary fibers. Due to the high utility and value of all the parts of the coconut plant and coconut plant coproducts, it has been used in many countries and cultures. Various applications have been performed on the nuts’ trunk, leaf, sheath, and outer shell, so there is probably no other crop of plant that can be compared to the coconut tree in terms of its versatile end uses. Furthermore, because of increasing demands for environmentally friendly and biodegradable agricultural products, coconut by-products such as coir and others are considered potential resources for current food and nonfood applications. This chapter summarizes the nutritional value, potential health benefits, and chemical composition of the various Cocos nucifera (L.) oil-processing by-products. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
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    Bioactive Phytochemicals from Hemp (Cannabis sativa) Seed Oil Processing By-products
    (Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2023) Gumus, Z.P.; Ustun, Argon, Z.; Celenk, V.U.; Ertas, H.
    Cannabis is an industrial plant used in the food industry, green building industry, textile industry, cosmetic industry, and pharmaceutical industry. Hemp is an important food source that has been used for thousands of years. Technically a nut, hemp seeds contain significant amounts of fiber, lipids, protein (edestin and albumin), vitamins, tocopherols, and minerals. Hemp seed proteins are easily digested and contain all the essential amino acids in a nutritionally significant amount. Since hemp seed oil’s polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are over 80%, it is essential for human health. The fatty acids it contains are mostly linoleic acid and ?-linolenic acid. This is why hemp seed oil production has been increasing by processing oil from seeds. By-products from the oil processing process are used to enrich foods regarding the chemicals and nutritional values they contain. Hemp is a functional food because the use of seeds, oil, and the oil’s cake could be used in several industries. This chapter summarizes the chemical composition, nutritional value, and potential health benefits of hemp (Cannabis sativa) seed oil processing by-products. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
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    Bioactive Phytochemicals from Nigella sativa Oil Processing By-products
    (Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2023) Ustun, Argon, Z.; Gumus, Z.P.; Celenk, V.U.; Ramadan, Hassanien, M.F.
    Nigella sativa (black cumin) is an annual flowering plant grown in the Middle East, Asia, and Mediterranean regions. Black cumin seeds are well known in history with their therapeutic effects in various cultures and also are used for culinary applications. Oil extraction is possible with different methods, but nowadays, the cold press method is gaining importance with the modern customers’ healthy product preferences and its by-products rich in bioactive phytochemicals. The main compounds of seedcakes are carbohydrates, proteins, minerals, fibers, flavonoids, phenolics, and vitamins. Even though the seedcakes are used only as fodder for animals, recent studies have shown the seedcakes’ potential as a value-added raw material or additives for functional food, supplements, cosmeceuticals, and pharmaceuticals with their antioxidant, antimicrobial, and nutritional effects. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.