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    Mountain vipers in central-eastern turkey: Huge range extensions for four taxa reshape decades of misleading perspectives
    (Malcolm L. McCallum, 2020) Mebert K.; Göçmen B.; İğci N.; Kariş M.; Oğuz M.A.; Yıldız M.Z.; Ursenbacher S.
    —Turkey harbors a high diversity of viperid snakes, many with a high threat level on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List, yet perception about even basic topics, such as distributions and conservation statuses, remain poor. We initiated a multi-year project 7 y ago to compensate these shortcomings and present herein dramatically improved information on the status of mountain vipers of central-eastern Anatolia (Asian Turkey): Bolkar Viper (Montivipera b. bulgardaghica), Albizona Viper (M. b. albizona), Wagner’s Viper (M. wagneri), and partly Ottoman Viper (M. xanthina). The data originate from our fieldwork and a comprehensive search of all records available, including information from literature, online resources, locals, and herpetological experts. This resulted in 51 new localities, complemented by 36 published records, which were refined with new information, including four corrected/removed records and two records that were combined with new records due to their proximity. We summarized all records with precise information in a supplemented list of 85 localities, which is compared to current literature and the range maps available on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, the global standard reference for consultation on range maps and conservation status of species. Consequently, we report on large range extension of > 100 km in all four mountain viper taxa, increase the extent of occurrence for each viper taxon 4–8 times, reduce the distribution gaps between all pairs of parapatric, related, and ecologically similar mountain vipers, and discuss taxa delimitation, putative contact zones and conservation aspects. © 2020. Konrad Mebert.
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    New records and search for contact zones among parapatric vipers in the genus Vipera (barani, kaznakovi, darevskii, eriwanensis), Montivipera (wagneri, raddei), and Macrovipera (lebetina) in northeastern Anatolia
    (British Herpetological Society, 2015) Mebert K.; Göcmen B.; I?cI N.; Anil O?uz M.; Kariš M.; Ursenbacher S.
    North-eastern Anatolia harbours a high diversity of viperid snakes with only a limited knowledge about their distribution and with relationships among these vipers not yet fully resolved. Moreover, information on habitat attributes for most of these vipers is scarce. We initiated a multi-year project to improve our knowledge on their distribution and habitat preferences, especially by searching contact zones of closely related and ecologically similar species and evaluate potential gene flow and species integrity. In this context and as an intermittent step, we report new localities nearby putative contact zones. Thus, herein we present new information on the distribution of Vipera barani, V. kaznakovi, V. darevskii, V. eriwanensis, Montivipera wagneri, M. raddei and Macrovipera lebetina based on our field work and third sources provided to us. With these data, we were able to reduce the distribution gaps between three pairs of "parapatric", related or ecologically similar, viper species (genus Vipera) by mostly 50%, and detected a putative contact zone in a fourth species pair (genus Montivipera). All putative contact zones are discussed in an ecological context. In addition, we add new sites of M. lebetina in the Province Artvin and discuss its northern limit in Turkey.