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Öğe Incidence of cyclosporiasis in patients with gastrointestinal symptoms in western Turkey(Int Scientific Literature, Inc, 2007) Turgay, Nevin; Yolasigmaz, Aysegul; Erdogan, Derya Dirim; Zeyrek, Fadile Yildiz; Uner, AhmetBackground: This study was designed to investigate the distribution of cyclosporiasis between October 2003 and October 2004 and the relationship between Cyclospora infection and seasonal as well as patient factors in western Turkey. Material/Methods: Stool samples from 4660 immunocompetent patients with gastrointestinal symptoms and 326 immunocompetent patients with allergic symptoms from western Turkey were examined between October 2003 and October 2004 using wet preparation, formalin-ethyl acetate concentration, Trichrome stain, and modified Kinyoun's acid-fast staining methods. Results: Twenty-three patients were found to be infected with Cylospora oocysts. Parasites such as Cryptosparidium, Giardia intestinalis, Entamoeba histolytica/dispar, Blastocystis hominis and others were also observed. The incidence of cyclosporiasis was higher in summer and early autumn and most of the Cyclospora-infected patients were without diarrhea. Conclusions: Clinicians with patients from Turkey and abroad who have intestinal symptoms after visiting the Country should be aware that Cyclospora infections could be considered as a possible cause of gastrointestinal symptoms in the absence of diarrhea in immunocompetent patients during the summer period in Turkey.Öğe Isolation of Toxoplasma gondii strains similar to Africa 1 genotype in Turkey(Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2013) Doskaya, Mert; Caner, Ayse; Ajzenberg, Daniel; Degirmenci, Aysu; Darde, Marie-Laure; Can, Huseyin; Erdogan, Derya Dirim; Korkmaz, Metin; Uner, Ahmet; Gungor, Cigdem; Altintas, Kursat; Gurtuz, YukselIntroduction: Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoon parasite that has a worldwide dissemination. It can cause serious clinical problems such as congenital toxoplasmosis, retinochoroiditis, and encephalitis. Currently, T. gondii genotypes are being associated with these clinical presentations which may help clinicians design their treatment strategy. Case reports: Two T. gondii strains named Ankara and Ege-1 were isolated from newborns with congenital toxoplasmosis in Central and Western Anatolia, respectively. Ankara and Ege-1 strains were isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid of newborns. According to microsatellite analysis, Ankara and Ege-1 strains were sorted as Africa 1 genotype. Conclusion: T. gondii strains isolated in Turkey were first time genotyped in this study. Africa 1 genotype has previously been isolated in immunosuppressed patients originating from sub-Saharan Africa. The reason of detecting a strain mainly detected in Africa can be associated with Turkey's specific geographical location. Turkey is like a bridge between Asia, Europe and Africa. Historically, Anatolia was on the Silk Road and other trading routes that ended in Europe. Thus, detecting Africa 1 strain in Anatolia can be anticipated. Consequently, strains detected mainly in Europe and Asia may also be detected in Anatolia and vice versa. Therefore, further studies are required to isolate more strains from Turkey. (c) 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Preparation of I-131-Pyrimethamine and evaluation for scintigraphy of experimentally Toxoplasma gondii-infected rats(Informa Healthcare, 2013) Inceboz, Tonay; Lambrecht, Fatma Yurt; Surucu, Erdem; Yilmaz, Osman; Yavasoglu, Altug; Durkan, Kubra; Baykara, Basak; Bekis, Recep; Uner, AhmetWe aimed to assess the ability of I-131-Pyrimethamine scintigraphy to detect the lesions of Toxoplasma gondii infection. An experimental model of toxoplasmosis was developed. The presence of toxoplasmosis was confirmed 60 days after implantation. Pyrimethamine was radioiodinated with I-131. The radioligand was validated by the requisite quality control tests to check its radiolabeling efficiency, in vitro stability and radiochemical purity etc. I-131-Pyrimethamine (specific activity: 7.08 MBq/mu mol) was injected intravenously into the tail vein of the control and infected rats. Static whole body images of the rats were acquired under the gamma camera at 5 min, 45 min, 2 h, 6 h, and 24 h following the intravenous administration of the radioactivity (3.7 MBq/rat). Then the scintigraphic data were analyzed both visually and semiquantitatively. Regions of interest (ROIs) were drawn over the organs (thyroid, stomach, liver, bladder, and soft tissues) to calculate the ratios of the radiotracer in infected vs. control rats. The mean ratio of radiotracer in infected/control rats in the liver and diaphragm was over 1 at 45 min which persisted till 24 h. In conclusion, I-131-Pyrimethamine may be useful agent for diagnosis toxoplasmosis especially involving liver and diaphragm, needs further preclinical validation before being extended for use in clinical applications.Öğe Preparation of I-131-Pyrimethamine and evaluation for scintigraphy of experimentally Toxoplasma gondii-infected rats(Informa Healthcare, 2013) Inceboz, Tonay; Lambrecht, Fatma Yurt; Surucu, Erdem; Yilmaz, Osman; Yavasoglu, Altug; Durkan, Kubra; Baykara, Basak; Bekis, Recep; Uner, AhmetWe aimed to assess the ability of I-131-Pyrimethamine scintigraphy to detect the lesions of Toxoplasma gondii infection. An experimental model of toxoplasmosis was developed. The presence of toxoplasmosis was confirmed 60 days after implantation. Pyrimethamine was radioiodinated with I-131. The radioligand was validated by the requisite quality control tests to check its radiolabeling efficiency, in vitro stability and radiochemical purity etc. I-131-Pyrimethamine (specific activity: 7.08 MBq/mu mol) was injected intravenously into the tail vein of the control and infected rats. Static whole body images of the rats were acquired under the gamma camera at 5 min, 45 min, 2 h, 6 h, and 24 h following the intravenous administration of the radioactivity (3.7 MBq/rat). Then the scintigraphic data were analyzed both visually and semiquantitatively. Regions of interest (ROIs) were drawn over the organs (thyroid, stomach, liver, bladder, and soft tissues) to calculate the ratios of the radiotracer in infected vs. control rats. The mean ratio of radiotracer in infected/control rats in the liver and diaphragm was over 1 at 45 min which persisted till 24 h. In conclusion, I-131-Pyrimethamine may be useful agent for diagnosis toxoplasmosis especially involving liver and diaphragm, needs further preclinical validation before being extended for use in clinical applications.Öğe The prevalence of cryptosporidiosis in Turkish children, and genotyping of isolates by nested polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism(Saudi Med J, 2007) Tamer, Gulden S.; Turk, Meral; Dagci, Hande; Pektas, Bayram; Guy, Edward C.; Guruz, Adnan Y.; Uner, AhmetObjective: To verify the incidence of cryptosporidiosis among Turkish elementary school students. Methods: This study was conducted in the Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Turkey during a 3-month period in 2006. We assessed the fecal samples of 707 children using modified acid-fast and phenol-auramine staining followed by modified Ritchie concentration method. All Cryptosporidium species isolates were analyzed by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) to differentiate the genotypes of the isolates. After the coprological examination, 4 samples were found to be positive for Cryptosporidium species oocysts. Results: In the present study, all 4 oocysts were of zoonotic origin and belonged to Cryptosporidium parvum genotype 2 indicating that in Turkey the potential sources of human cryptosporidiosis is from animals. Conclusion: The application of genotyping to clinical isolates of Cryptosporidium has significantly increased our knowledge and understanding of the distribution and epidemiology of this parasite. The PCR and RFLP techniques represent a more rapid and simple method of genotyping to support epidemiological and clinical investigations than conventional analytical DNA techniques.Öğe Toxoplasma gondii RH Ankara: Production of evolving tachyzoites using a novel cell culture method(Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science, 2011) Degirmenci, Aysu; Doskaya, Mert; Caner, Ayse; Cicek, Candan; Korkmaz, Metin; Guruz, Yuksel; Uner, AhmetToxoplasma gondii is one of the most researched parasite due to its easy growth both in vitro and in vivo. Tachyzoites, derived from mouse or rat peritoneum encounters ethical and economical problems when used for research or diagnostic purposes. Currently, research has focused on determining the most suitable cell culture environment to reach highest amount of viable tachyzoites with least host cell contamination. However, gene expression changes that take place throughout the adaptation of evolving T. gondii strains to continuous cell cultures appear as a problem. The present study aimed to determine a novel cell culture strategy for T. gondii RH Ankara strain tachyzoites to harvest abundant tachyzoites with least host cell contamination and minimal antigenic variation at predetermined dates to use as an antigen source in serological assays that will facilitate reduction in animal use. To achieve this purpose, T. gondii RH Ankara strain tachyzoites were incubated with HeLa cell at different ratios for two or three days. In all flasks incubated for two days, viability rate reached to 100% and HeLa cell contamination decreased to levels between 0.12-0.5 x 10(6)/ml. In the flasks with HeLa-tachyzoite ratio 1/8, the tachyzoite yield and viability ratio were 3 x 10(6)/ml and 100%, respectively, with accompanying 10 fold decrease (0.12 x 10(6)/ml) in HeLa contamination. During continuous production, highest tachyzoite yield was obtained from the first passage (3.55 x 10(6)/ml) and until the end of third subculture viability rates and HeLa cell contaminations were between 98.2-99.4% and 0.31-0.37 x 10(6)/ml, respectively. ELISA. IFA and Western blot analyses showed that the quality, specificity and sensitivity of the antigen harvested from the first passage of cell culture performed at two days intervals were comparable to the antigen harvested from mice and decreased in the following subcultures. Overall, these results demonstrated that T. gondii RH Ankara strain is still evolving to adapt to cell culture environment and therefore such strains continuously produced in cell cultures should be avoided for serological assays. However, the two day short interval cell culture method described herein offers a chance to reduce the animal use intended for the preparation of serological assays' antigen from local evolving strains. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Öğe Unilateral phthiriasis palpebrarum infestation in a child during occlusion therapy for amblyopia: Case report(Elsevier Science Bv, 2016) Biler, Elif Demirkilinc; Selver, Ozlem Barut; Palamar, Melis; Uner, Ahmet; Uretmen, OnderAn 8-year-old mentally retarded boy is brought to the hospital because of itching and burning at his right eye for 10 days. He was on full time right eye occlusion therapy for left amblyopia. Slit lamp examination revealed nits and adult lice anchored to the eyelashes in his occluded eye. Eyelashes and all detected lice and nits were mechanically trimmed, and sent for parasitological examination, which confirmed the diagnosis. Upon familial evaluation for additional infestation, the father was also found to have genital phthiriasis pubis and received appropriate treatment. While phthiriasis palpebrarum in children may signify sexual abuse, a detailed investigation by a child psychiatrist was performed and revealed no sign of abuse. Since the infestation was at only on occluded eye, the most possible explanation for the transmission was evaluated as the misusage of the adhesive patch in our case. In conclusion, sexual abuse should be excluded in children with phthiriasis palpebrarum and parents of amblyopic children on occlusion therapy should be warned about the importance of the hygiene of the patching in order to avoid any kind of infection and infestation.
