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    Banded herbicide application in a conventional sunflower production system
    (Tubitak Scientific & Technical Research Council Turkey, 2018) Serim, Ahmet Tansel; Asav, Unal; Turkseven, Suleyman Gurdal; Dursun, Ergin
    Banded herbicide applications with hooded field sprayers (HIS) provide safer applications in many crops. The aim of this paper is to show the effectiveness and safeness of selective and nonselective herbicide applications in a conventional sunflower production system (CSPS) using a combined hooded field sprayer (CHFS). Glyphosate interrow and aclonifen or quizalofop-P-ethyl intrarow were applied in fields cropped with nonglyphosate-resistant sunflower varieties in Ankara, Tekirdag, and Tokat Provinces of Turkey in 2015 and 2016. In Ankara and Tekirdag, glyphosate caused limited injury to sunflower at 28 days after treatment (DAT), and aclonifen created transient phytotoxicity in 2015. Glyphosate was applied with aclonifen at 1.44 + 0.75 and 2.88 + 0.75 kg ai ha(-1) or quizalofop-P-ethyl 1.44 + 0.05 and 2.88 + 0.05 kg ai ha(-1) using band application units of CH FS together. Aclonifen and quizalofop-P-ethyl were also used at 0.75 and 0.05 kg ai ha(-1), respectively, using the conventional application unit of CHFS. Glyphosate + aclonifen (1.44 + 0.75 and 2.88 + 0.75 kg ai ha(-1)) provided higher weed control and sunflower seed yield compared with the other treatments. Aclonifen (0.75 kg ai ha(-1)) controlled many competitive arable weeds and increased sunflower seed yield, except in Tokat in 2016, where common cocklebur was present in the field, which is not in the range of aclonifen. Weed control by glyphosate t quizalofop-P-ethyl (1.44 t 0.05 and 2.88 0.05 kg ai ha(-1)) was limited because broadleaf weeds covered the sunflower fields where the trials were conducted. Quizalofop-P-ethyl (0.05 kg ai ha(-1)) alone and untreated control were associated with the lowest sunflower seed yield. It is concluded that banded application of glyphosate is safe and effective in sunflowers. Applying glyphosate with aclonifen and quizalofop-P-ethyl with CHFS helps to save time and money, and mitigate CO2 emission.
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    Determination of glyphosate-resistant Conyza spp. in orchards and vineyards in Turkey
    (Springer, 2022) Dogan, Mehmet Nedim; Kaya-Altop, Emine; Turkseven, Suleyman Gurdal; Serim, Ahmet Tansel
    Conyza spp. are among the most problematic broadleaf weeds in citrus orchards and grape fields in Turkey. Glyphosate is used to control weeds, but Conyza spp. can escape the treatment and grow as a monoculture in these fields. To investigate whether glyphosate-resistant biotypes of Conyza spp. exist in Turkey, seeds of Conyza spp. were collected from 131 citrus fields and 121 vineyards with heavy Conyza infestations in the Mediterranean and Aegean regions of the country. Seeds were classified by species, and initial susceptibility screenings were conducted by applying glyphosate potassium salt at 1.323 kg a.i. ha(-1) to seedlings at the five- to six-leaf stage. Forty-five biotypes showed less than 80% susceptibility in the screenings and were subsequently used in dose-response experiments. Assays were also conducted to measure shikimic acid accumulation in resistant and susceptible biotypes after glyphosate treatment, and molecular studies were undertaken to investigate the mechanism of resistance. Among 252 populations collected from fields, 32 biotypes showed resistance to glyphosate. Molecular studies showed that target site mechanisms including mutations or expression of the EPSPS gene did not contribute to the mechanism of glyphosate resistance in Conyza biotypes from Turkey.
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    Herbicide resistance in Avena sterilis subsp ludoviciana populations from the wheat fields of Turkey
    (Scientific And Technological Research Council Turkey, 2022) Turkseven, Suleyman Gurdal; Uludag, Ahmet; Demirci, Mehmet; Serim, Ahmet Tansel
    Avena sterilis L. subsp ludoviciana (Durieu) Gillet and Magne (AVELU) is among the most common and economically important grass weed species, especially in wheat fields of Turkey; therefore, the herbicides with the same mode of action (ACCase and ALS/AHAS inhibitors) are used to control have been successively applied without incessant by farmers. A study was conducted to find out the extent of wild oat problems throughout Turkey including herbicide resistance. This paper includes results of determining the herbicide resistance status of AVELU populations to ACCase and ALS inhibitors that are fenoxaprop (Fen), pinoxaden (Pin), tralkoxydim (Tra), mesosulfuron+iodosulfuron (MeI), and proxycarbazone+mesosulfuron (PrM). AVELU seeds were collected from 213 wheat fields throughout Turkey in 2014-2015 and the response to selected five herbicides was tested under screen-house. Dose-response tests showed that only 42 populations were controlled by all five herbicides. The number of populations that were not controlled varied by herbicides, which were 150, 48, 25, 100, and 100 populations for Fen, Pin, Tra, MeI, and PrM, respectively. Nine populations were resistant to all herbicides and 72 to four of herbicides out of 155 multiple resistance populations. The high number of multiple resistances and higher resistance indexes show the seriousness of the problem. Although resistance to MeI and Tra herbicides are still developing, Fen resistance seems completed and reached moderate and high resistance levels. Integrated weed management is an inevitable challenge to sustain wheat production, a staple crop for Turkey.
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    HYPERICUM PERFORATUM L.: AN OVERVIEW OF THE ANTICANCER POTENCIES OF THE SPECIMENS COLLECTED FROM DIFFERENT ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTS
    (Pakistan Botanical Soc, 2020) Gonenc, Tuba Mert; Ozturk, Munir; Turkseven, Suleyman Gurdal; Kirmizibayrak, Petek Ballar; Gunal, Selin; Yilmaz, Sinem
    Hypericum genus holds an important place in the flora of Turkey with 46 endemic species out of its naturally growing 96 species. H. perforatum is the most popular and common species. This species has been traditionally used in pain control, wound healing and especially as antidepressant. Its anticancer effects have been lately attracting much attention. To investigate and compare the antiproliferative effects of extracts of the samples collected from eleven different "States" of Turkey. the antiproliferative effect of extracts was determined by WST-1 method on HeLa, U2OS, HCC-1937 cancer cells and MRC-5 noncancer fibroblast cells. Furthermore, cell death mechanism of the extracts was analyzed by investigating the cleavage level of caspase-7 and PARP-1, which are hallmarks of apoptosis and also the levels of LC3-II and p62 protein levels as markers of autophagy. Only HP10 (collected from Cankm-Ilgaz) was found to induce apoptosis both using immunoblotting and flow cytometry analysis, while almost all of the extracts cause the induction of autophagy in HeLa cells at their IC50 values. HP10 coded sample was collected from the transition zone between the Black Sea and Central Anatolian Regions, the collection area with highest altitude. According to our results different climatic features effect plant contents as well as their therapeutic effects. Moreover, the amount of compounds that have anticancer activity in the plant undergo a change with altitude.
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    A survey on Palmer amaranth (Amaranthuspalmeri S. Wats.) in Cukurova region of Türkiye
    (Univ Agriculture, Fac Veterinary Science, 2024) Erbas, Filiz; Dogan, Mehmet Nedim; Turkseven, Suleyman Gurdal; Ongun, Ali Riza; Tunali, Safiye Pinar; Ulgen, Cuneyt; Pek, Anil Altug
    Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats.) is a troublesome weed that causes significant damage to crops in many agricultural areas, and is considered an invasive species in many countries around the world. It was identified in 2016 and registered as a new species in the flora of Turkiye. Therefore, a study was conducted to survey this weed at regional scale in Cukurova Region of Turkiye in 2020. Studies were performed in Adana, Hatay, Mersin and Osmaniye provinces of Turkiye. The frequency, weed coverage (in agricultural areas) and density (in non-agricultural areas) of this weed were calculated. In evaluation of 456 coordinate points, frequency was calculated as 32%, although it was over 45% in some districts. A. palmeri coverage in the agricultural areas was found averagely 21.5%, and the density in the non-agricultural areas was 6.2 plants m-2. The agricultural areas where it has been observed mostly consist of citrus groves, corn, cotton and peanut fields. Results showed that A. palmeri became common in Cukurova region. Therefore, special attention should be paid to prevent spreading of this species to the other regions and effective management methods of this weed should be investigated.