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Öğe Histogenesis and developmental disorders of the corpus callosum(Springer International Publishing, 2023) Tomruk C.; Şirin C.; Kiliç K.D.; Derin O.; Çelik S.; Turgut A.Ç.; Uyanikgil Y.Studies on the corpus callosum (CC), which connects the brain hemispheres, continue without interruption. Here, we discuss histology and embryology, emphasizing its anatomical features and reasoning from general to specific. Although we often refer to morphological structure and other nervous system cells in discussing the histology of the CC, we have also added insights from molecular explanations provided by the current literature. Descriptions of CC histology lead naturally to neurophysiological discussions. In the account of embryology, basic developmental steps are followed and are updated with well-established molecular findings. Embryological descriptions are more complex than histological descriptions because of the changes in dimensions. For this reason, the embryology of the CC is divided into stages for exposition. Since it is impossible to assess it except in terms of substantia alba development, neuroembryonic pathways were also used for this discussion, with support from current studies. In the final section, developmental and clinical cases are elucidated by identifying their connections to the previous sections. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023. All rights reserved.Öğe Investigation of the Efficacy of Bevacizumab Treatment in An Experimental Rat Model of Chronic Subdural Hematoma(Elsevier Inc., 2024) Sağıroğlu S.; Şirin C.; Turgut A.Ç.; Tomruk C.; Tuzcu A.; Ertekin E.; Uyanıkgil Y.Introduction: Chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH), a condition that develops over time, is characterized by inflammation, angiogenesis, and membrane development. As the population's average age increases, the incidence of cSDH is expected to grow. While surgery is the primary treatment technique, medicinal therapy options are being explored for high-risk patients. Currently, the most effective therapy combination is dexamethasone (Dex) and atorvastatin (Ato); however, it is associated with an increased risk of mortality. This study explored the effects of bevacizumab (Bev), a vascular endothelial growth factor antagonist, on cSDH. Materials and Methods: Ninety-five rats were divided into four groups (n = 18): sham, control hematoma, Dex-Ato, and Bev. Two separate autologous blood injections into the subdural space were used as the model. Weight was monitored for all rats to assess changes in their overall health. The control group was given i.p. saline, the Dex-Ato treatment was given by gavage, and the Bev treatment was given i.p. On seventh, 14th and 21st days six rats from each group were sacrificed and analyzed, while 23 rats were excluded from the experiment. Results: The maximum immunological response to cSDH was observed on day 14. Hematoma volume decreased over time in all groups. Dex-Ato and Bev were both found effective, while Dex-Ato caused weight loss. Conclusion: Bev had similar effects to the Dex-Ato group and was well tolerated by rats. Given that cSDH is a disease of the elderly and vulnerable populations, Bev may be a viable alternative that can shed light on the disease's etiology for future research. © 2024 Elsevier Inc.Öğe Morphological anatomy of the corpus callosum(Springer International Publishing, 2023) Çelik S.; Bilge O.; Derin O.; Gülcan M.; Tomruk C.; Turgut A.Ç.The corpus callosum (CC) is the largest commissural pathway that connects functional cortical areas in the cerebral hemispheres. It is located in the middle of the brain. Its primary function is to integrate and transfer information from both cerebral hemispheres to process sensory, motor, and higher-level cognitive signals. From front to back, the parts of the CC are the rostrum, genu, body, isthmus, and splenium. The boundaries and subunits of these parts are distinguished in morphometric studies. Fibers of the CC extending to the hemispheres form superior or dorsal, inferior or ventral, and anterior and posterior radiations. Arterial blood is supplied to the CC from its outer surface, and the main arteries involved are the pericallosal and the posterior pericallosal. Venous drainage of the CC is mainly from the inner surface, but there is also a connection with the superficial veins of the brain. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023. All rights reserved.Öğe Prenatal diagnosis of anomalies of the corpus callosum with three-dimensional ultrasound, transvaginal sonography, and Fetal MRI(Springer International Publishing, 2023) Ercan F.; Turgut A.Ç.; Köylüoğlu F.The corpus callosum (CC) is the main cerebral commissure connecting the two cerebral hemispheres. It consists of four parts: rostrum, genu, body, and splenium. CC abnormalities may be isolated or accompany other fetal intracranial pathologies. Ultrasonography (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are very helpful in diagnosing developmental abnormalities of CC. In this illustrated article, information about the evaluation of fetal CC pathologies with US and MRI is explained. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023. All rights reserved.
