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Öğe Advances in the purple-fruited pitanga (Eugenia uniflora) long-term breeding program in Hawai’I, USA(International Society for Horticultural Science, 2018) Griffis J.L.; Jr.; McDonald T.G.; Manners M.M.; Tuncay O.Pitanga is not a newly discovered fruit, although its commercial potential has not been widely developed. European explorers discovered the pitanga in South America several centuries ago and spread red-fruited seedlings throughout the tropics worldwide. However, only in Brazil has this crop seen significant commercialization of the fruits. In Hawai’i, fruits have long been popular in farmers’ markets and they are in demand by processors and chefs. Interest in the crop has expanded rather recently because of the availability of purple-fruited, high-antioxidant, better-tasting fruits. Several purple-fruited selections were introduced to growers in Brazil in 2011. In Florida, the tasty ‘Zill Dark’ purple-fruited cultivar has been available for many years and one plant is the parent plant of the large seedling field of pitanga planted at the Kona Experiment Station in December 2006. Factors that have limited further development of pitanga include considerable variation among seedlings and their fruits, difficulty in clonal propagation, difficulty in harvesting the fruits and lack of recognizably superior cultivars. The planting at Kona, 137 seedlings from a ‘Zill Dark’ self-pollination and 20 grafted plants of ‘Zill Dark’ was utilized initially to develop fertilizer recommendations for interested local growers who might replace coffee with another crop. As the planting matured, it was evaluated for pest and disease problems and fruits from individual plants were evaluated for antioxidant content, flavor and postharvest quality. From September 2013 to September 2015, all individual plants were evaluated weekly for presence of flowers and/or fruits in various stages of development. Unlike Florida or Brazil, where both flowering and fruiting in pitanga are highly synchronized, the Kona field has fruits almost continuously year-round (although individual plants do go in and out of production). Analysis of the flower and fruit data collected has allowed comparison of the seedlings with the ‘Zill Dark’ grafted plants such that selections of early- and late-bearing seedling plants that extend the crop season substantially can be made. Some preliminary fruit yield data will allow us to select seedlings that may have higher yields than the ‘Zill Dark’ grafted plants. Fruit characteristics of promising seedlings will be evaluated for other important characteristics such as antioxidant content, fruit size and taste.Öğe The effect of nitrogen sources on yield and quality of salad rocket grown in different months of the year(2011) Tuncay O.; Eşiyok D.; Yagmur B.; Okur B.The effects of months of the year and nitrogen (N) sources on salad rocket (Eruca sativa Mill.) yield, quality, and nitrate accumulation was investigated during the years 2002 and 2003. In both years, seeds were sown on the first day of April, May, June, July, August and September. Three different nitrogen sources were used: farmyard (cattle) manure (100 tonnes·ha-1), calcium nitrate [Ca(NO3)2]-15.5% N (150 kg N·ha-1) and ammonium sulfate [(NH4)2SO4)]-21% N (150 kg N·ha-1). Yield, leaf color, dry matter, vitamin C and total glucosinolate content and nitrate accumulation was assessed. Growing months affected all the assessed parameters significantly both years, with the exception of hue angle in 2003, whereas nitrogen source only influenced yield and nitrate accumulation in 2003. In both years the highest yield was obtained in April, but vitamin C and total glucosinolate contents were higher during summer months, and leaves were slightly darker colored. Chemical fertilizers increased the yield compared to farmyard manure; however, they also increased nitrate accumulation slightly, without any significant difference between them. Nitrate accumulation never exceeded 300 mg kg-1 fresh weight (FW), which is well below the acceptable daily intake of 3.7 mg nitrate per kg-1 bodyweight set by European Commission's Scientific Committee on Food. © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.Öğe Soilless culture of cucumber in glasshouses. I. A comparison of open and closed systems on growth, yield and quality(1999) Gui A.; Ttizel I.H.; Tuncay O.; Eltez R.Z.; Zencirkiran E.In substrate culture, nutrient solution can be applied in two different systems viz. open and closed systems. In an open system, nutrient solution is drained out after being used only once, while in closed systems the drained nutrient solution is recirculated. Closed systems are important as water and nutrient requirements are reduced and less environmental pollution created. This experiment was planned according to a split-split plot design with three replicates. Three different varieties of cucumbers were grown in vertical and horizontal bags containing 8 1 of perlite per plant utilizing open and closed systems. Vertical and horizontal bags contained one and two plants per bag, respectively. Results obtained indicated that there was no difference in plant growth, yield and quality of fruits in open or closed systems. Growth and yield were significantly higher in bags placed horizontally. Differences in plant growth, total yield and quality parameters were noted between the different varieties.Öğe Soilless culture of cucumber in glasshouses. ii. a comparison of open and closed systems on water and nutrient consumption(International Society for Horticultural Science, 1999) Tuzel I.H.; Irget M.E.; Giil A.; Tuncay O.; Eltez R.Z.The research was carried out during the spring seasons of 1996 and 1997 in order to compare effect of open and closed systems with three different cucumber cultivars (Afrodit, Efes and Rawa) grown in vertical and horizontal bags on applied and drained water and nutrient quantities. The study was planned according to a split-split plot design with three replicates. Perlite was used as growing medium. Each vertical and horizontal bag contained one and two plants, respectively with a 8 liters rooting volume per plant. A complete nutrient solution was given daily via drip irrigation system. The quantity of applied and drained nutrient solution was recorded daily, while the NO3-N, NH4-N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn and Cl contents of the solutions were determined weekly. Results obtained indicated that closed system decreased water and nutrient consumption by about 22 % and 35 %, respectively.
