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Öğe ABUNDANCE OF WESTERN CASPIAN TURTLE, Mauremys rivulata (VALENCIENNES, 1833) IN GOKCEADA (IMBROS), TURKEY(Folium Publ Co, 2016) Bayrakci, Yusuf; Ayaz, Dincer; Yakin, Batuhan Yaman; Cicek, Kerim; Tok, Cemal VarolIn this study, we present data on the population of Western Caspian Turtle, Mauremys rivulata, from Gokceada (Imbros) located at the westernmost of Turkey. The species is distributed almost all around the island, particularly in the western part, with a very low density. Distribution of the species on the island was mapped and a total of 73 individuals were captured and marked in Buyukdere, the largest river of the island. Population size was estimated at 135 individuals (SE - 11, range - 117 - 161) and density was calculated as 68 ind/ha. Moreover, Emys orbicularis, another freshwater turtle species, which cohabits in the west Anatolia, was observed again on the island after 15 years. Tourism, creeks with irregular flow regime and holding water in the dams negatively affect populations of aquatic species, primarily M. rivulata on the island.Öğe Action Plan for the Conservation of Endemic Anatolian Meadow Viper, Vipera anatolica Eiselt & Baran, 1970 in Southwestern Anatolia(Istanbul Univ-Cerrahpasa, 2021) Tok, Cemal Varol; Afsar, Murat; Yakin, Batuhan Yaman; Cicek, KerimThe Anatolian viper. Vipera anatolica Eiselt & Baran. 1970, is the rarest, critically endangered, and endemic species in the western Taurus Mountains. Antalya. Turkey. Here. we evaluated the current status, potential threats, and recommended necessary conservation measures for Anatolian meadow viper. We created some activities during the 5 year species conservation action plan implemented by the General Directorate of Nature Conservation and National Parks. We conducted 70-days extensive fieldworks between May and October 2016-2017 for determining the distribution, habitat characteristics, phenology, and population status of the species in the province of Antalya. We also interviewed locals and surveyed potential threats of Anatolian meadow viper. We detected only 10 specimens in the territory of the Ciglikara cedar forest reserve at altitudes between 1800 and 2300 m and only two specimens in the territory of Geyik Mountains at altitudes between 1600 and 1900 m. We determined the potential threats like habitat loss and degradation, quarry (especially for senliki subspecies), global climate change, illegal collecting, and willingly or accidentally killing of vipers. Major precautions to protect the species were determined as: (1) to establish protected habitat patches in the species' known distribution and to prohibit entrance and grazing activities, (2) to create alternative new habitats for reintroduction, (3) to plan long-term monitoring survey to obtain data on its ecology and population trends. (4) to start a captive breeding program. (5) to educate and raise awareness among locals to prevent illegal collecting, willingly or/and accidentally killing of specimens for the sustainability of Anatolian meadow viper.Öğe ADDITIONAL MORPHOLOGICAL DATA ON Vipera (Pelias) cf. darevskii FROM THE VICINITY OF ZEKERIYAKOY (NORTHEASTERN ANATOLIA)(Folium Publ Co, 2018) Tok, Cemal Varol; Afsar, Murat; Cicek, KerimTwo new Viper specimens obtained from Zekeriyakoy (Ardanuc, Artvin) in Northeastern Anatolia were investigated. When obtained data were compared with the related literature, it was observed that pholidosis characteristics and body measurements of the retrieved specimens were similar to both Vipera (Pelias) olguni and Vipera (Pelias) darevskii. The specimens were considered to be V. cf. darevskii since their defining characteristics were more similar to V. darevskii than V. olguni.Öğe Amphibians and reptiles in the Province of Canakkale (Marmara Region, Turkey) (Amphibia; Reptilia)(Osterreichische Gesellschaft Herpetologie E V, 2014) Tok, Cemal Varol; Cicek, KerimThis study presents distribution maps of the amphibians and reptiles in the Province of Canakkale (Marmara Region, Turkey), based on information from field studies conducted at intervals between 2002 and 2013, and the existing literature records. The herpetological inventory comprises 43 species, nine amphibians (three urodelans and six anurans) and 34 reptiles (five turtles, 14 lizards and 15 snakes). The species belong to 15 chorotypes according to the classification by VIGNA TAGLIANTI et al. (1999). Podarcis siculus (RAFINESQUE-SCHMALTZ, 1810) and Elaphe sauromates (PALLAs, 1811) represent first records from the Peninsulas of Biga and Gelibolu. Environmental factors that constitute threats to the herpetological species in the Province of Canakkale are briefly addressed.Öğe A case of cannibalism behavior of the Slow worm, Anguis fragilis (Reptilia: Anguidae) in Turkey(2011) Çiçek, Kerim; Tayhan, Yahya; Ayaz, Dinçer; Heyretdağ, Sibel; Tok, Cemal Varol…Öğe Conservation strategies for the Caucasus Viper, Vipera kaznakovi Nikolsky 1909, in the East Black Sea Region, Turkey(2020) Tok, Cemal Varol; Afsar, Murat; Çiçek, KerimWe evaluated the current status and main threats to the Caucasus viper (Vipera kaznakovi Nikolsky 1909), from the East Black Sea Region, Turkey, via 21 days of intensive fieldwork and interviews with locals. We found that habitat loss and destruction, illegal collection, and intentional or accidental killings are the main threats to V. kaznakovi in the region. We prepared a 5-year Action Plan for the Turkish General Directorate of Nature Conservation and National Parks and outline a strategy for promoting the sustainability of the species with participation of regional administrations, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and locals. the major conservation measures include: (1) creating protected areas in regions with high viper densities (2) preventing and controlling illegal collection, (3) raising awareness among locals to reduce the intentional and accidental killing of vipers.Öğe Cyrtopodion (Mediodactylus) kotschyi (STEINDACHNER, 1870) from Civril, Denizli (western Turkey)(Osterreichische Gesellschaft Herpetologie E V, 2011) Afsar, Murat; Ayaz, Dincer; Afsar, Birgul; Cicek, Kerim; Tok, Cemal VarolÖğe Cyrtopodion (Mediodactylus) kotschyi (Steindachner, 1870) from Çivril, Denizli (western Turkey).(2011) Afsar, Murat; Ayaz, Dinçer; Çiçek, Kerim; Afsar, Birgül; Tok, Cemal Varol…Öğe Data on hatchlings of Caucasian Rock Lizard, Darevskia valentini (Boettger, 1892) in Northeastern Anatolia (Turkey)(2011) Tayhan, Yahya; Çiçek, Kerim; Ayaz, Dinçer; Tok, Cemal Varol…Öğe Data on the Food Composition of European Glass Lizard, Pseudopus apodus (Pallas, 1775) (Squamata: Anguidae) from Canakkale (Western Anatolia, Turkey)(Inst Zoology, Bas, 2014) Cicek, Kerim; Tok, Cemal Varol; Hayretdag, Sibel; Ayaz, DincerWe examined the food composition of the European Glass Lizard, Pseudopus apodus, from canakkale (Western Anatolia, Turkey), by means of the stomach content analysis. Some 72 prey items with sizes ranging from 10 to 60 mm were detected in the stomach contents of the 13 (7 male male, 6 female female) museum specimens under examination. The median number of prey items was 5 (range = 3-8) in males and 4 (4-6) in females. According to the obtained data, the class Insecta (86.1%) is the predominant food of the species, with the most frequently observed prey items belonging to the order Coleoptera (76.4%). Orthoptera (4.2%), Hemiptera (5.6%), Gastropoda (8.3%), and Isopoda (5.6%) are the other prey groups observed in the food contents. Even though no difference in food contents was observed between the sexes, the food niche breadth of females was higher. In conclusion, the main food of P. apodus consists of non-flying or weak-flying insects as well as other invertebrates.Öğe The distribution and biogeography of amphibians and reptiles in Turkey(Univ Oradea Publ House, 2021) Yasar, Cagdas; CIcek, Kerim; Mulder, John; Tok, Cemal VarolKnowledge on the spatial distribution of taxa is crucial for the decision-making processes in conservation and management of biodiversity that rely on precise distribution data. We present an annotated list for a total of 37 amphibian (20 caudatans and 17 anurans) and 141 reptile species (11 chelonians, 70 lizards, 3 amphisbaenians and 57 snakes) in Turkey, using both available scientific literature up to December 2020 and our own fieldwork data from 1987 to 2020. We provide a comprehensive listing of taxonomy, names, distribution and conservation status of Turkish amphibians and reptiles. The herpetofauna list will be particularly useful for establishing national conservation priorities as well as for placing Turkish fauna into phylogenetic and biogeographic contexts. We compiled information published in books, journals and various web sources and added our personal data. We projected the data in the WGS84 coordinate system and created an overlay grid with cells of 50x50 km(2). The database comprises more than 500 grid cells and 11,913 records. As a result, the distribution of Turkish amphibians and reptiles has been extensively mapped with geographical information systems and a database has been created. The obtained data will be useful in planning future studies on taxonomy, ecology and conservation of Turkish amphibians and reptiles.Öğe Effects of Altitude and Temperature on Erythrocyte Morphology of Emys orbicularis (Linnaeus, 1758) and Mauremys rivulata (Valenciennes, 1833)(2021) Tok, Cemal Varol; Bayrakcı, Yusuf; Yenmiş, Melodi; Mermer, Ahmet; Ayaz, DinçerThe decrease in erythrocyte size of animals live at high altitudes yields an evolutionary advantage to survive byproviding adaptation to colder temperatures and low partial oxygen pressures. We examined the effect of geographicalchanges on the erythrocyte morphology of two terrapins, Emys orbicularis and Mauremys rivulata, and analyzed whether sucherythrocyte characteristics as size and volume changed at high altitudes and different temperatures. We found out that theerythrocyte characteristics varied both within and between the populations. They varied depending on altitude for E.orbicularis and on temperature for M. rivulata. However, the erythrocyte characteristics were not correlated with theenvironmental parameters, except between sunshine duration and erythrocyte length, size, and nucleus volume for E.orbicularis.Öğe Epizoic freshwater algae on Emys orbicularis (Testudinata : Emydidae) from the Central Anatolia region of Turkey(Oikos Publ Inc, 2006) Soylu, Elif Neyran; Gonulol, Arif; Sukatar, Atakan; Ayaz, Dincer; Tok, Cemal VarolWe surveyed the epizoic algae growing on Emys orbicularis from several sites in the Central Anatolia region of Turkey during the nesting season (May-August) of 2005. Fifty-three algae species were found on carapaces of thirty-five E. Orbicularis, with considerable variation in the algal communities from different sites.Öğe Food composition of a breeding population of the endemic Anatolia newt, Neurergus strauchii (Steindachner, 1887) (Caudata: Salamandridae), from Bingol, Eastern Turkey(Firenze Univ Press, 2020) Cicek, Kerim; Koyun, Mustafa; Mermer, Ahmet; Tok, Cemal VarolThe study presents data on the food composition of a breeding population of the Anatolia newt Neurergus strauchii (Steindachner, 1887), from Bingol, Turkey. A total of 953 prey items were determined in the food contents of 46 individuals (18 males and 28 females) examined in the study. Insecta (63%) and Malacostraca (35%) constitute 97% of the food composition by number. While the most frequently encountered prey groups in the diet are Diptera (87%), Amphipoda (85%), Neurergus eggs (74%), and Coleoptera (37%), the comparison of food composition by volume is Amphipoda (40%), Neurergus eggs (41%), and Diptera (10%) respectively. No significant difference in food niche was observed between the sexes. The species generally fed on aquatic, poor-flying or slow-moving invertebrates.Öğe Food composition of the Near Eastern Fire Salamander, Salamandra infraimmaculata Martens, 1885 (Amphibia: Urodela: Salamandridae) from Eastern Anatolia(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2017) Cicek, Kerim; Koyun, Mustafa; Tok, Cemal VarolThis study presents data on the food composition of the Near Eastern Fire Salamander, Salamandra infraimmaculata, from Bingol, eastern Turkey. A total of 139 prey items was determined in the food content of 28 individuals (14 juveniles, 7 males, and 7 females). Insecta (N%= 37.4), Gastropoda (27.3%), and Isopoda (25.9%) constitute together 91% of the food items. The most frequent prey groups in the diet are Coleoptera (F%=50.0%), Isopoda (57.1%), and Gastropoda (46.4%). Coleoptera (V%= 34.6%), Gastropoda (28.0%), and Isopoda (23.5%) had the highest prey volumes. No significant difference was found between the sexes in food composition. The species generally feeds upon poorly flying or slow-moving invertebrates, but is opportunistic in taking up more mobile prey species as well. Diptera, Odonata and Hemiptera were found in small numbers only.Öğe Food habits of the Lycian Salamander, Lyciasalamandra fazilae (Basoglu and Atatur, 1974): Preliminary data on Dalyan population(Univ Oradea Publ House, 2007) Cicek, Kerim; Tok, Cemal Varol; Mermer, Ahmet; Tosunoglu, Murat; Ayaz, DincerWe analyzed stomach contents of 21 (13 (3,3, 8 female female) adult Lycian salamanders, Lyciasalaniandra fazilae, inhabiting Go)kbel and iztuzu, south of Dalyan (Koycegiz, Mugla). Although various terrestrial invertebrates constitute the diet of the salamander, larvae and adult beetles (39.61%), centipedes (16.88%) are the most important food groups. Lyciasalaniandra fazilae is an active predator capable of changing its feeding regime in proportion to the species richness within its habitat.Öğe Genetic structuring of Anguis fragilis (L., 1758) inhabiting in the north of 40 degrees north latitude in Turkey(Informa Healthcare, 2013) Keskin, Emre; Hayretdag, Sibel; Cicek, Kerim; Ayaz, Dincer; Tok, Cemal VarolThe taxonomic situation of Anguis fragilis species is still unclear in Turkey. In order to clarify this situation, we used the DNA sequences of 16S rRNA and cytochrome b genes to analyze the phylogenetic relationship among A. fragilis populations. A total of 13 haplotypes in 16S rRNA dataset and 20 haplotypes in cytochrome b dataset were detected. Kimura 2-parameter genetic distance was found to be 0.012 for 16S rRNA and 0.026 for the cytochrome b dataset. Neighbor joining (NJ) trees were constructed to analyze phylogenetic relationship among specimens and were supported with median joining networks. Results indicate a clear genetic structuring in A. fragilis populations sampled from north of 408 north latitude of Turkey. Both mitochondrial gene sequences successfully detected the intraspecific variation among specimens of different populations. Genetic structuring, correlated with geographic distance, was found to be significant at the specimens sampled from edge populations of peripherally isolated climatic conditions.Öğe Genetic structuring of Pseudopus apodus (Pallas, 1775) (Sauria: Anguidae) in north Anatolia, Turkey(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2013) Keskin, Emre; Tok, Cemal Varol; Hayretdag, Sibel; Cicek, Kerim; Ayaz, DincerIn this study, mitochondrial 16S rRNA and cytochrome b sequences were used to infer the genetic structure of Pseudopus apodus (Pallas, 1775) populations sampled from 40 North latitude of Turkey. Mean percent G-C contents of 47.13 and 46.66 were determined for 16S rRNA and cytochrome b datasets, respectively. Two haplotypes were found using 16S rRNA dataset, with 6 variable loci and a haplotype diversity of 0.1053, while Cytochrome b dataset consist of 10 haplotypes, with 18 variable loci and a haplotype diversity of 0.1943. Also mean genetic distance was found to be eight times higher in the cytochrome b dataset. Kimura 2-parameter genetic distance matrix was evaluated together with neighbor joining tree and median joining network in order to reveal possible divergence points in both datasets. Results indicated signs of 3 regional populations, including potential cryptic species from Digor or subspecies from Samsun and Sinop. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Güneybatı Anadolu'da dağılış gösteren scincidae türlerinin morfolojil ve biyolojik araştırılması(Ege Üniversitesi, 1998) Budak, Abidin; Tok, Cemal Varol; Mermer, AhmetBu çalışmada, Güneybatı Anadolu'da Scincidae familyasından 5 türün (Chalcides ocellatus, Mabuya aurata, Mabuya vittata,Ophimorus punctatissimus, Ablepharus kitaibelii) yaşadığı tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmada, Güneybatı Anadolu'dan toplanan örnekler morfolojik olarak(Pholidosis, renk-desen, vücut ölçüm ve oranları) değerlendirilmiştir. Bunun yanında türlere özgü biyolojik ve ekolojik özellikler de verilmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Scincidae, Güneybatı Anadolu, MorfolojiÖğe Hematology of the Lycian Salamander, Lyciasalamandra fazilae(Univ Oradea Publ House, 2009) Tok, Cemal Varol; Tosunoglu, Murat; Ayaz, Dincer; Cicek, Kerim; Gul, CigdemWe examined some hematological parameters and the cytomorphometry of blood cells (erythrocyte, leucocyte and thrombocyte) in 10 (5 males, 5 females) adult Lycian salamanders, Lyciasalamandra fazilae, from Iztuzu - Mugla, Turkey. In 1 mm(3) of blood, we estimated the erythrocyte count as 1.06x10(5) (0.73x10(5)-1.40x10(5)), leucocyte count as 2.14x10(3) (1.60x10(3) - 2.87x10(3)), haemoglobin amount as 5.00 (4.80-5.20) g/dl, hematocrit value as 36.66 (36.00-38.00) %, mean cell volume as 3281.2 (2714.3-3600.0) fl, mean cell haemoglobin as 451.01 (342.86-520.00) pg, and mean cell haemoglobin concentration as 13.65 (12.63-14.44) %. Small differences were observed in cell sizes, although they are concluded to be individual variations.
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