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Öğe Adaptation of Emotional Intelligence IPIP Scales into Turkish and examination of its psychometric properties(Cumhuriyet Univ Tip Fak Psikiyatri Anabilim Dali, 2016) Tatar, Arkun; Saltukoglu, Gaye; Tok, Serdar; Bender, Merih TekinObjective: Turkish emotional intellinge scales are few, and Emotional Intelligence Test (IPIP-EIT) has several favorable features due to its large item pool, International Personality Item Pool, it was developed. The aim of this study is to adopt IPIP-EIT into Turkish and to examine the scale's psychometric properties. Methods: A thousand seven hundred fifty-four people ranging in age from 18 to 80 participated in the study. Out of these participants 211 people ranging in age from 18 to 63 took place in the test-retest study. Results: Alpha internal consistency coefficients of the main application of the test were as follows: 0.64 for attending emotions, 0.71 for emotion based decision making, 0.57 for emphatic concern, 0.58 for negative expressivity, 0.70 for positive expressivity, 0.61 for responsive distress, and 0.59 for responsive joy. Alpha internal consistency coefficient for the entire scale was 0.86. Correlations coefficients between the test and retest scores ranged from 0.67 to 0.80 for the subscales and it was 0.81 for the entire scale. Confirmatory factor analysis of the test showed seven dimensional single level factor structure. Its selected fit indexes were found as follows: goodness of fit index 0.95, adjusted goodness of fit index 0.92, root mean square error 0.003, and root mean square error of approximation 0.09. Examination of items based on item-response theory suggested that while some items had high discriminant power, others had low discriminant power. Conclusion: Results of the present study indicates that even though Turkish adaptation of the IPIP-Emotional Intelligence Test has not a very strong structure, it can be considered as a valid and reliable device to measure emotional intelligence.Öğe Adaptation of the revised schutte emotional intelligence scale into Turkish and examination of its psychometric properties(Kure Iletisim Grubu A S, 2011) Tatar, Arkun; Tok, Serdar; Saltukoglu, GayeAdaptation of the revised schutte emotional intelligence scale into Turkish and examination of its psychometric properties Objective: Although emotional intelligence is not a new term, as a conceptual framework it is relatively new and the tools to measure (tare rather few, a situation that is also reflected in Turkish literature. Therefore, in this study we aimed to adapt the Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale, developed by Schutte, Malouff, Hall, Haggerty, Cooper, Golden, Dornheim, (1998) (33 item) and revised by Austin, Saklofske, Huang, McKenney, (2004) (41 item), into Turkish. Method: After the translation of the scale into Turkish, 1022 females (58.6%) and 721 males (41.4%), a total of 1743 subjects, ranging in age from 17 to 78 years, completed the Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale. Results: The examination of the three-factor structure of the scale by explanatory and confirmatory factor analyses showed that the results were consistent with those reported by Austin et al. (2004). The Cronbach-Alfa internal consistency coefficient for the entire scale was 0.82 and for the subscales was 0.75, 0.39 and 0.76. Test- retest reliability for the entire scale within one week was found to be r=0.49 (n=88), and within two weeks it was r=0.56 (n=85). To examine the scale's discriminant validity, the Five Factor Personality Inventory was administered to 100 subjects in addition to the Emotional Intelligence Scale. The results indicated that there were significant correlations between the Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale and the personality traits ranging from -0.29 to 0.34. Emotional intelligence scores for the entire scale were compared in terms of gender, age, and educational levels. The results showed that females had significantly higher emotional intelligence scores than males and as the level of education increased so too did the scores of emotional intelligence. Conclusion:The results indicate that the Schutte Emotional Intelligence scale can be a reliable and valid instrument to be used for the Turkish population. However, further studies are needed to examine the factor structure of the scale.Öğe Aerobik egzersiz ve zirve kan laktat düzeyinin psikomotor performans üzerine etkisi(Ege Üniversitesi, 2011) Tok, Serdar; Çatıkkaş, Fatih; Meliha Canpolat; Moralı, Süleyman[Abstract Not Available]Öğe THE BIG FIVE PERSONALITY TRAITS AND RISKY SPORT PARTICIPATION(Soc Personality Res Inc, 2011) Tok, SerdarThe purpose in this study was to examine differences between risky sport participants and nonparticipants using the Big Five (McCrae & Costa, 1997) personality traits. The sample included 328 individuals ranging in age from 18 to 53 (M = 23.42 and SD = 3.98). The Five Factor Personality Inventory developed by Somer, Korkmaz, and Tatar (2002) was used to measure personality traits. The results showed that risky sport participants have significantly higher levels of exit-aversion and openness to experience and lower levels of conscientiousness and neuroticism. The measurement of Big Five personality traits might be a valuable means of estimating individuals' tendency to participate in adventure/risky sport, which in turn could be used to promote adventure/risky sport tourism.Öğe Comparison of Heart Rate Variability Psychological Responses and Performance in Virtual and Real Archery(Wiley, 2024) Dal, Nihal; Tok, Serdar; Balikci, Ilker; Yilmaz, Said Enes; Binboga, ErdalBackgroundThis study examines the psychophysiological differences between virtual reality (VR) and real archery. It explores whether VR archery induces heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV), and breathing rates similar to those experienced in real archery. Additionally, the study assesses differences in perceived anxiety, difficulty, confidence, rate of perceived exertion (RPE), and shooting performance between the two modalities, providing insights into the efficacy of VR as a training tool for archery.MethodsTwenty-two (women: 8) individuals aged 20-24 participated in the study. We first recorded individuals' resting HR, HRV, and breathing rates during baseline. Afterward, participants shot 10 real and virtual arrows from 18 m, whereas their HR, HRV, and breathing rate were measured, each lasting 4 min. Performance in VR and real archery was determined separately as the sum of the shots. We performed paired sample t-tests to compare individuals' performance, psychological, and psychophysiological responses recorded during VR and real arrow shooting. Afterward, we compared percentage changes between VR and real archery.ResultsResults showed that HR and root mean square of successive differences (RMMSD) were significantly higher during real archery compared to virtual archery. In addition, VR archery led to a greater percentage change in RMSSD compared to real archery. Participants reported greater RPE and perceived difficulty after real archery. Performance was also higher during VR archery than real archery.ConclusionsConsequently, the results of the present study illustrated that VR, and real archery might lead to different autonomic response patterns in terms of vagal activity.Öğe The effect of background audio and audiovisual stimuli on students' autonomic responses during and after an experimental academic examination(Wiley, 2023) Balıkcı, İlker; Tok, Serdar; Binboğa, ErdalBackgroundDue to the Covid-19 pandemic lockdown during the online-distant education period, certain students tended to combine their courses and homework with TV or social media news or other media content, such as classical music, including a wealth of audio and audiovisual stimuli. As the audio and audiovisual stimuli existing in a learning environment may affect students' autonomic nervous system (ANS) responses negatively, the present study aimed to monitor the impact of background TV, classical music, and silence on students' ANS activity represented by heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV), blood volume amplitude (BVA), and skin conductance level (SCL) during and after an experimental academic examination. MethodSeventy-six students were randomly allocated to background TV, classical music, or silence groups. The experiment with repeated measures design consisted of four consecutive periods: baseline, anticipation, challenge, and recovery, lasting 4 min each. ResultsWithin-subject analyses indicated significant HRV decrement only in the background TV group. Regardless of the experimental groups, HR and SCL increased while BVA decreased during the task. In addition, the between-subject analysis showed that the background TV group experienced significantly larger changes in HR and HRV parameters compared to the other experimental groups relative to their respective baseline measurements. ConclusionsBased on these results, we concluded that relative to classical music and silence, background TV, including audiovisual and verbal stimuli, extant in a learning environment might raise students' sympathetic activity. Further, classical music, without lyrics, may suppress the withdrawal of vagal activity and elevate the autonomic regulation capacity during the academic reading comprehension task. HRV is a more valid and reliable indicator of students' autonomic responses during a challenging academic task.Öğe The Effect of Female Media Body Images on Body Image Dissatisfaction in Female Athletes and Nonathletes(Ortadogu Ad Pres & Publ Co, 2011) Tok, Serdar; Gunes, Inci; Koyuncu, Mehmet; Dogan, Birol; Canpolat, A. MelihaObjective: This study tested whether exposure to ideal thin female body images have an effect on athlete and nonathlete females' body image (dis)satisfaction (BID) and social physique anxiety (SPA). Material and Methods: The participants were 143 healthy female athletes (n=67) and nonathletes (n=76) ranging in age from 17 to 28. In addition to athletic status, groups were further divided into experimental and control groups (2 x 2 Factorial design). Individuals in experimental groups viewed a slide show which contained 37 thin female body images from various swimsuits advertisements which were selected by three referees. After the experiment, participants completed the Five Factor Personality Inventory, SPA Scale and BID Questionnaire. Body fat ratio was also measured. Individuals in control groups completed only measurement devices and their body fat ratio was measured. Results: Results showed that there was a significant body image satisfaction difference in favor of athletes' experimental group (t (65)= -2.23, p = 0.029). However, there was no significant difference between nonathletes' control and experimental groups in terms of body image satisfaction. Results revealed that female athletes (M :24.82, SD: 7.41) had significantly lower SPA than nonathletes (M: 33.30, SD:7.50), [t (141): -6.78, p<0.001]. Results also demonstrated that female athletes had higher body image satisfaction (M: 109.10, SD: 9.96) compared to nonathletes (M: 91.75, SD: 10.23), [t(141): 10.24, p<0.001] A regression model containing the Big Five personality traits could explain significant amount of variance in athletes' and nonathletes' body image satisfaction. Showing body fat ratio increased predictive ability of the regression model only in the athlete group. Conclusion: Thin female body images idealised by media may lead negative body image perception especially in female athletes.Öğe The effect of motivational climate and conscientiousness on athletes' maximal voluntary contraction level of biceps brachii muscle(Springer, 2020) Tok, Serdar; Dal, Nihal; Dogan, Erman; Yaman, Cetin; Binboga, ErdalWe investigated the effect of induced motivational climates (a mastery climate and a performance climate) on maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) level of the biceps brachii muscle. We also aimed to explore whether motivational orientations, together with conscientiousness, are associated with MVC level in mastery and performance climate conditions. the sample consisted of 53 college student athletes ranging in age from 20 to 26. Participants first completed the Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire and items relating to conscientiousness from the Short Form of the Five Factor Personality Inventory. Then, during isometric elbow flexion, MVCs were measured in a neutral condition. Afterwards, participants were informed of their MVC levels measured in the neutral condition via biofeedback software, and randomly assigned to either the mastery or the performance condition. Participants in the mastery climate condition were instructed to exceed their own highest MVC level observed in the neutral condition. in contrast, participants in the performance climate condition were instructed to exceed an unrealistic MVC level described as the best ever recorded so far. Results indicated that percentage change in MVC differed significantly between the mastery and performance climate conditions. Specifically, while there was a 13.5% increase in MVC value in the performance climate condition, there was an 8.8% decrease in the mastery climate condition. Results also showed that regardless of motivational climate, the percentage change in MVC was unrelated to motivational orientations and conscientiousness.Öğe The Effects of Positive and Negative Feedback on Maximal Voluntary Contraction Level of the Biceps Brachii Muscle: Moderating Roles of Gender and Conscientiousness(Sage Publications Inc, 2017) Sarikabak, Murat; Yaman, Cetin; Tok, Serdar; Binboga, ErdalWe investigated the effect of positive and negative feedback on maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) of the biceps brachii muscle and explored the mediating effects of gender and conscientiousness. During elbow flexion, MVCs were measured in positive, negative, and no-feedback conditions. Participants were divided into high- and low-conscientiousness groups based on the median split of their scores on Tatar's five-factor personality inventory. Considering all participants 46 college student athletes (21 female, 28 male), positive feedback led to a greater MVC percentage change (-5.76%) than did negative feedback (2.2%). MVC percentage change in the positive feedback condition differed significantly by gender, but the negative feedback condition did not. Thus, positive feedback increased female athletes' MVC level by 3.49%, but decreased male athletes' MVC level by 15.6%. For conscientiousness, MVC percentage change in the positive feedback condition did not differ according to high and low conscientiousness. However, conscientiousness interacted with gender in the positive feedback condition, increasing MVC in high-conscientiousness female athletes and decreasing MVC in low-conscientiousness female athletes. Positive feedback decreased MVC in both high- and low-conscientiousness male athletes.Öğe The Effects of Red Versus Blue Lights and Neuroticism on Voluntary Biceps Brachii Muscle Contraction(Sage Publications Inc, 2019) Binboga, Erdal; Tok, Serdar; Munzuroglu, Mustafa; Canuzmez, Aykut Eren; Dal, NihalThis study investigated the effects of red and blue monochromatic lights and neuroticism on athletes' maximal isometric voluntary contraction (iMVC) level of the biceps brachii muscle. During elbow flexion, we measured iMVCs under a white light (control) condition and under red and blue light conditions. Under red light (vs. white and blue), participants demonstrated a greater iMVC level. Further, based on a median split of the athletes' scores on Tatar's Five Factor Personality Inventory, high and low neuroticism groups showed no red light differences, while, in the blue light condition, participants high in neuroticism increased the iMVC level by 4.04% and those low in neuroticism decreased iMVC level by 6.31%. Thus, the effect of colored light on athletes' motor output varied with individual personality differences in neuroticism.Öğe The effects of verbal encouragement and conscientiousness on maximal voluntary contraction of the triceps surae muscle in elite athletes(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2013) Binboga, Erdal; Tok, Serdar; Catikkas, Fatih; Guven, Senol; Dane, SenolWe investigated the effect of verbal encouragement on maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) level of the triceps surae muscle group. Our secondary focus was to examine whether the effect of verbal encouragement on MVC level varies as a result of conscientiousness. While the participants performed plantar flexion, MVCs of the triceps surae muscle group were measured using rectified and smoothed surface electromyography (rsEMG) during the absence and presence of verbal encouragement. Participants completed questions from the Five Factor Personality Inventory concerning conscientiousness and were divided into high- and low-conscientiousness groups according to a median split. The sample included 30 female and 53 male elite athletes. In the entire cohort, there was no significant difference in MVCs with and without verbal encouragement. When the sample was partitioned by conscientiousness scores, verbal encouragement led to a significant increase in MVC in the low-conscientiousness group, whereas verbal encouragement led to a non-significant decrease in MVC in the high-conscientiousness group. Percentage change in MVC across experimental conditions was significantly different between the groups, with a 9.72% increase during verbal encouragement of the low-conscientiousness group, and a 2.47% decrease during verbal encouragement of the high-conscientiousness group.Öğe Evaluation of International Affective Picture System (IAPS) ratings in an athlete population and its relations to personality(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2010) Tok, Serdar; Koyuncu, Mehmet; Dural, Seda; Catikkas, FatihThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the selected International Affective Picture System (IAPS) pictures for an athlete population. A secondary focus was on whether ratings of IAPS pictures were related to personality traits. A total of 219 athletes participated in the study. Participants viewed 224 pictures that were selected from (IAPS). Ratings in terms of valence and arousal were obtained. To determine locations of the pictures on valence and arousal dimensions, a scatter plot was drawn: x-axis of the plot was valence and y-axis was arousal. The Turkish affective space figure drawn in accordance with the ratings that were obtained from the sample revealed that the pictures were distributed along each dimension. A path model was tested to examine the relationship between responses to the picture sets for four regions and personality traits. The results clearly indicated that the path model provided a good fit to the data. Four path coefficients were found to be statistically significant. Results indicated that IAPS ratings obtained from the Turkish athlete population are comparable with original ratings reported by Lang, Bradley, and Cuthbert (2005). In addition, responses to IAPS pictures was found to be modulated by personality traits. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Farklı kişilik tiplerindeki performans sporcularında sözel motivasyonun VO2Max kullanım kapasitesi ve kan laktad konsantrasyonu üzerine etkisi(Ege Üniversitesi, 2012) Moralı, Süleyman L.; Tok, SerdarBu çalısmanın amacı farklı kisilik tiplerindeki sporcularda sözel motivasyon desteginin Max. VO2 kullanım kapasiteleri ve kan laktad konsantrasyonu üzerine olan etkisi arastırılmasıdır. Çalısmada 9 kadın, 26 erkek, toplam 35 elit sporcu yer almaktadır. Kisiligin ölçülmesinde Somer, Tatar ve Korkmaz (2001) tarafından gelistirilen "5 Faktör Kisilik Envanteri" kullanılmıstır. Arastırmada katılımcılara bisiklet ergometresi için gelistirilen VO2max. Testi iki defa uygulanmıstır. Bir test protokolünde sözel motivasyonel destek verilirken digerinde verilmemistir. Deneylerin sırası ögrenme etkisini elimine etmek için dengelenmistir. Verilerin analizinde betimsel istatistikler, korelasyon analizi ve eslestirilmis "t" testi kullanılmıstır. Sonuçlar sözel motivasyonel destegin toplam test süresinde anlamlı bir artısa neden oldugunu göstermistir. Kan laktad konsantrasyonu VO2max ve kalp atım sayısında anlamlı bir etki gözlemlenmemistir. Korelasyon analizi sonuçları da kisilik özellikleri ile sözel motivasyonel destek verilen ve verilmeyen deneysel kosullardaki çesitli test parametreleri arasında iliski olduguna isaret etmektedir. Bu iliskiler kisilik özellikleri açısından tartısılmıstır.;Kisilik, sözel motivasyonel destek, performans.;Personality, verbal encouragement, performance.Öğe Hentbol ve futbol kalecilerinin öncelleme performanslarının rakibin lateralizasyonuna göre belirlenmesi(Ege Üniversitesi, 2014) Vurgun, Hikmet; Engür, Mustafa; Tok, Serdar[Abstract Not Available]Öğe Performans sporcusu ve spor yapmayan üniversite öğrencilerinde duygusal zeka ile kişilik özelliklerinin karşılaştırılması(Ege Üniversitesi, 2008) Tok, Serdar; Moralı, Süleyman L.Bu çalışmanın amacı duygusal zekaya ilişkin literatür özeti sunmanın yanı sıra Schutte ve ark. (1998) tarafından geliştirilen, Austin ve ark.(2004) tarafından revize edilen Shutte Duygusal Zeka Ölçeği’ni (SDZÖ) Türkçeye uyarlanmak, psikometrik özelliklerini Türkçe konuşan sporcu ve sedanter örneklem üzerinde incelemektir. SDZÖ den elde edilen puanların 5 ana kişilik özelliği ile olan ilişkisinin incelenmesi, 5 ana kişilik özelliği ile duygusal zeka açısından sporcu ve sedanter örneklem arasındaki farklılıkların incelenmesi, Beden E itimi ve Spor Yüksekokulu öğrencilerinin akademik başarılarında kişilik ve duygusal zeka etkisinin araştırılması da araştırmanın diğer amaçlarıdır. Üç aşamada yürütülen çalışmanın birinci aşamasında SDZÖ 677 sporcu ve sedanter üniversite öğrencisine uygulanarak ölçeğin iç tutarlık katsayısı incelenmiştir. İkinci aşamada ise Beş Faktörlü Kişilik Envanteri ve SDZÖ 729 sporcu ve sedanter üniversite öğrencisine uygulanmuştur. Verilerin analizinde açuklayııcı faktör analizi, doğrulayıcı faktör analizi, betimsel istatistikler, Pearson Korelasyon katsayısı, tek yönlü varyans analizi ve regresyon teknikleri kullanılmıştır. Doğrulayıcı faktör analizi SDZÖ’nin güçlü model uyumuna işaret etmiştir. Açıklayıcı faktör analizi sonuçları ise SDZÖ Türkçe formu faktör yapısının orjinali ile uyumlu olduğunu göstermiştir. Duygusal zeka ve Beş Faktörlü Kişilik Modeli’nin Dışadönüklük ve Gelişime Açıklık faktörlerinin ilişkili olduğu saptanmış, sporcu ve sedanter üniversite öğrencileri arasında duygusal zeka ve kişilik özellikleri açısından farklılaşmalar olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Üçüncü aşamada ise Schutte Duygusal Zeka Ölçeği ve Kısa Form Beş Faktörlü Kişilik Envanteri Ege Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Yüksek Okulunda öğrenimlerine devam 295 öğrenciye uygulanmıştır. Akademik yıl sonunda aynı örneklem grubundaki öğrencilerin yıl sonu not ortalamaları kişilik ve duygusal zeka skorları ile eşleştirilerek kişilik ve duygusal zeka yapılarının akademik başarı ile ilişkileri incelenmiştir. Üçüncü çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlar 5 ana kişilik özelliğinden oluşan regresyon modelinin akademik başarı varyansını bir dereceye kadar öngörebildiğine ancak duygusal zekanın, kişilik özelliklerinden oluşan regresyon modelinin öngörücü gücüne ciddi bir katkı yapamadığına işaret etmiştir.Öğe Personality Traits and DRD4, DAT1, 5-HT2A Gene Polymorphisms in Risky and Non Risky Sports Participation(Ortadogu Ad Pres & Publ Co, 2010) Cam, Fethi Sirri; Colakoglu, Muzaffer; Tok, Serdar; Tok, Ismet; Kutlu, Necip; Berdeli, AfigObjective: Relationships amongst Big Five personality traits and DRD4, DAT1 and 5-HT2A gene polymorphisms were investigated in 193 college students participating in risky and non-risky sports. Material and Methods: Personality traits were assessed by Five Factor Personality Inventory (FFPI) and gene polymorphisms were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction. Results: In order to examine whether signifant Big Five personality trait differences existed between DAT1 gene polimorphisms, independent sample t-test was used. Results showed that only Agreeableness dimension revealed significant difference indicating that individuals with non-10/10 genotype had higher agreeableness scores when compared to individuals with 10/10 genotype. ANOVA results showed that Big Five personality dimensions scores differed significantly amongst 5-HT2A genotypes. Individuals with CC genotype had lower emotional stability scores when compared to individuals with TC genotype, and CC genotype individuals had greater openness to experience scores when compared to TT genotype individuals. Openness to experience scores were also significantly different among DRD4 genotypes. Individuals with 11 genotype had greater openness to experience scores when compared to individuals with as genotype. No 5-HT2A and risky sport participation (RSP) interaction effect was found on emotional change score. Conclusion: DAT1 was not associated with RSP. It was concluded that DRD4 and 5-HT2A were not directly associated with RSP but may be used as indirect predictors of it.Öğe The Relationship Among Personality, Cognitive Anxiety, Somatic Anxiety, Physiological Arousal, and Performance in Male Athletes(Human Kinetics Publ Inc, 2016) Balyan, Kamuran Yerlikaya; Tok, Serdar; Tatar, Arkun; Binboga, Erdal; Balyan, MelihThe present study examined the association between personality, competitive anxiety, somatic anxiety and physiological arousal in athletes with high and low anxiety levels. Anxiety was manipulated by means of an incentive. Fifty male participants, first, completed the Five Factor Personality Inventory and their resting electro dermal activity (EDA) was recorded. In the second stage, participants were randomly assigned to high or low anxiety groups. Individual EDAs were recorded again to determine precompetition physiological arousal. Participants also completed the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2) and played a computer-simulated soccer match. Results showed that neuroticism was related to both CSAI-2 components and physiological arousal only in the group receiving the incentive. Winners had higher levels of cognitive anxiety and lower levels of physiological arousal than losers. On the basis of these findings, we concluded that an athlete's neurotic personality may influence his cognitive and physiological responses in a competition.Öğe The Short-Term Effect of Occupational Levels of 50 Hz Electromagnetic Field on Human Heart Rate Variability(Wiley, 2021) Binboga, Erdal; Tok, Serdar; Munzuroglu, MustafaPrevious studies have indicated that there is no consensus on the effects of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic (ELF-EMF) exposure on the cardiovascular system. This study aimed to explore the short-term effect of ELF-EMF exposure on heart rate (HR) and HR variability (HRV). The sample consisted of 34 healthy males aged 18-27 years. The participants were randomly assigned to the EMF (n = 17) or the Sham group (n = 17). We employed a double-blind repeated-measures design consisting of three 5 min experimental periods. The chest region of each individual in the EMF group was exposed to 50 Hz, 28 mu T, linear polarized, continuous EMF during the EMF exposure period. HR and HRV data were recorded continuously by using a photoplethysmography sensor. Within-subject statistical analysis indicated a significant HR deceleration in both the EMF and Sham groups. However, the standard deviation of the NN intervals (SDNN), root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD), low-frequency (LF), and high-frequency (HF) powers increased only in the EMF group and remained stable in the Sham group. We also compared the same HRV indices measured during the EMF and Sham periods between the two experimental groups. The between-subject analysis results demonstrated significantly higher SDNN, RMSSD, LF, and HF values in the EMF group than in the Sham group. The LF/HF ratio did not change significantly within and between groups. on the basis of these results, we concluded that short-term exposure of the chest region to ELF-EMF could potentially enhance parasympathetic predominance during the resting condition. (c) 2020 Bioelectromagnetics Society.Öğe Spor tüketimi davranışını etkileyen motivasyonel faktörler ve spor tüketimi motivasyon ölçeğinin türkçeye uyarlanması(Ege Üniversitesi, 2004) Tok, Serdar; Doğan, BirolSpor taraftarlarının 1960ʼlardan bu yana spor taraftarlarının bir çok çalışmada pek çok değişken açısından incelenmiş olmasına rağmen, taraftarların tüketici olarak göz önünde bulundurulması ise nispeten daha yeni bir yaklaşımdır. Bu çalışmanın amacı spor tüketimine etki eden güdüsel faktörleri incelemek ve Trail ve arkadaşları tarafından geliştirilen (2001), “Spor Tüketimi Motivasyon Ölçeği”ni Türkçeʼye uyarlamaktadır. Ölçek maddeleri, Ege Üniversitesi Yabancı Diller Bölümünde görev yapan 4 öğretim elemanı ve araştırmacı tarafından Türkçeʼye tercüme edilmiştir. Sonrasında çevirmenler ölçmek maddelerin son şeklini verebilmek amacıyla ortak bir çalışma yürütmüşler ve maddelerin son şekli üzerinde uzlaşmaya varmışlardır. Sosyal-demografik değişkenleri belirlemeye yönelik sorularında eklendiği anket formu Türkiye İkinci Futbol Ligi A Kategorisi maçlarını takip eden taraftarlara uygulanmıştır. Ölçek maddelerinin uygunluğunu test etmek için Pearson korelasyon testi ve faktör analizi kullanılmıştır. Sonuçlar ölçek alt boyutlarının yedi tanesinin uygun psikometrik özelliklere sahip olmasına rağmen, iki alt boyutun sahip olmadığına işaret etmektedir (kaçış, heyecan). İleriki çalışmalarda bu iki alt boyuta ilişkin maddelerin tekrar gözden geçirilerek benzer popülasyona uygulanması ölçeğin geçerliliği açısından gerekli görülmektedir.Öğe The study of state anxiety and sport-confidence levels in prospective students attending department of sports management aptitude tests(Slovak Acad Sciences Inst Experimental Psychology, 2007) Morali, Sueleyman; Onursal, Ayse Meliha; Tok, SerdarThe objective of this study is to draw comparisons among the state anxiety and state sport-confidence levels of prospective students attending Ege University School of Physical Education and Sports 2006-2007 Academic Year Aptitude Tests. The study base of this research consists of 290 students (79 female, 211 male) taking the aforementioned tests. This study uses the State Sport-Confidence Scale developed by Vealey (1986) and translated to Turkish by Engur and co. (2005) and the State Anxiety Inventory developed by Spielberger and co. (1970) and translated to Turkish by Oner and Le Compte (1983). During the analysis of the collected data, using the one-way variance analysis, T-test and Pearson correlation technique, the significance level was determined as .05. The analysis of data revealed a significant difference in sport-confidence scores amongst different branches of sports. Furthermore, a relationship between state sport-confidence and state anxiety was revealed. According to the results, it can be said that state sport-confidence levels of prospective sports managers taking the test in different branches of sports can show differences between branches.
