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    Comparing the usability of two multi-agents systems DSLs: Sea_ML++ and DSML4MAS study design
    (CEUR-WS, 2018) Silva J.; Barišic A.; Amaral V.; Goulão M.; Tezel B.T.; Alaca O.F.; Challenger M.; Kardas G.
    Context: The “Physics of Notations” (PoN) supports a systematic improvement of the cognitive effectiveness of visual modelling languages. Problem: PoN focuses on the concrete syntax of a language, building on a predefined abstract syntax. We should also consider the abstract syntax of a language when developing efforts to improve it by choosing the most adequate language constructs (concepts and their relationships). We instantiate this challenge by comparing two Multi-Agent Systems Domain Specific Languages: SEA_ML++ and DSML4MAS, and assessing the extent to which their respective constructs affect the developer experience. Method: We will perform a quasi-experiment for comparing how practitioners use both languages to solve similar modelling challenges. The experiment will have a cross-over within-subjects design and will focus on the extent to which the different language constructs impact on developer experience. These tasks will be monitored, so that we can assess their success and effort involved, including eye-tracking information. Results: This paper reports on the planned study design for this empirical comparison of two DSLs for MAS. © 2018 CEUR-WS. All rights reserved.
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    A conceptual generic framework to debugging in the domain-specific modeling languages for multi-agent systems
    (Schloss Dagstuhl- Leibniz-Zentrum fur Informatik GmbH, Dagstuhl Publishing, 2019) Tezel B.T.; Kardas G.
    Despite the existence of many agent programming environments and platforms, the developers may still encounter difficulties on implementing Multi-agent Systems (MASs) due to the complexity of agent features and agent interactions inside the MAS organizations. Working in a higher abstraction layer and modeling agent components within a model-driven engineering (MDE) process before going into depths of MAS implementation may facilitate MAS development. Perhaps the most popular way of applying MDE for MAS is based on creating Domain-specific Modeling Languages (DSMLs) with including appropriate integrated development environments (IDEs) in which both modeling and code generation for system-to-be-developed can be performed properly. Although IDEs of these MAS DSMLs provide some sort of checks on modeled systems according to the related DSML’s syntax and semantics descriptions, currently they do not have a built-in support for debugging these MAS models. That deficiency causes the agent developers not to be sure on the correctness of the prepared MAS model at the design phase. To help filling this gap, we introduce a conceptual generic debugging framework supporting the design of agent components inside the modeling environments of MAS DSMLs. The debugging framework is composed of 4 different metamodels and a simulator. Use of the proposed framework starts with modeling a MAS using a design language and transforming design model instances to a run-time model. According to the framework, the run-time model is simulated on a built-in simulator for debugging. The framework also provides a control mechanism for the simulation in the form of a simulation environment model. © Baris T. Tezel and Geylani Kardas.
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    DSML4BDI: A modeling tool for BDI agent development
    (CEUR-WS, 2018) Tezel B.T.; Challenger M.; Kardas G.
    In this paper, a modeling tool, called DSML4BDI, for the model-driven development of Belief-Desire-Intention (BDI) agents, is introduced. As being an implementation of a domain-specific modeling language, DSML4BDI tool enables graphical modeling of all BDI components and relations with including the automatic construction of logical expressions and rules required for the system. In addition, its operational semantics, based on the Jason platform, leads to the automatic generation of all codes and other artifacts for the exact implementation of the modeled system. Evaluations performed by the users showed that the tool is capable of high generation performance and its use significantly decreases the development time.
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    Improving the Usability of a MAS DSML
    (Springer Verlag, 2019) Miranda T.; Challenger M.; Tezel B.T.; Alaca O.F.; Barišic A.; Amaral V.; Goulão M.; Kardas G.
    Context: A significant effort has been devoted to the design and implementation of various domain-specific modeling languages (DSMLs) for the software agents domain. Problem: Language usability is often tackled in an ad-hoc way, with the collection of anecdotal evidence supporting the process. However, usability plays an important role in the productivity, learnability and, ultimately, in the adoption of a MAS DSML by agent developers. Method: In this chapter, we discuss how the principles of The “Physics” of Notations (PoN) can be applied to improve the visual notation of a MAS DSML, called SEA_ML and evaluate the result in terms of usability. Results: The evolved version of the language, SEA_ML++, was perceived as significantly improved in terms of icons comprehensibility, adequacy and usability, as a direct result of employing the principles of PoN. However, users were not significantly more efficient and effective with SEA_ML++, suggesting these 2 properties were not chiefly constrained by the identified shortcomings of the SEA_ML concrete syntax. © 2019, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
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    A metamodel for Jason BDI agents
    (Schloss Dagstuhl- Leibniz-Zentrum fur Informatik GmbH, Dagstuhl Publishing, 2016) Tezel B.T.; Challenger M.; Kardas G.
    In this paper, a metamodel, which can be used for modeling Belief-Desire-Intention (BDI) agents working on Jason platform, is introduced. The metamodel provides the modeling of agents with including their belief bases, plans, sets of events, rules and actions respectively. We believe that the work presented herein contributes to the current multi-agent system (MAS) metamodeling efforts by taking into account another BDI agent platform which is not considered in the existing platform-specific MAS modeling approaches. A graphical concrete syntax and a modeling tool based on the proposed metamodel are also developed in this study. MAS models can be checked according to the constraints originated from the Jason metamodel definitions and hence conformance of the instance models is supplied by utilizing the tool. Use of the syntax and the modeling tool are demonstrated with the design of a cleaning robot which is a well-known example of Jason BDI architecture. © Baris Tekin Tezel, Moharram Challenger, and Geylani Kardas; licensed under Creative Commons License CC-BY.
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    Towards providing debugging in the domain-specific modeling languages for software agents
    (CEUR-WS, 2018) Tezel B.T.; Kardas G.
    Domain-specific modeling languages (DSMLs) for Multi-agent Systems (MAS) mostly provide checks and validations on modeled systems according to the related syntax and semantics descriptions. However, they do not have a built-in support for debugging MAS models which makes the control of model correctness difficult. Hence, in this paper, we present our ongoing work which aims at providing debugging inside MAS DSMLs. We describe two possible ways of deriving debuggers for MAS DSMLs. The first alternative is based on the construction of a mapping between MAS model entities and the generated code while the second one considers the metamodel-based description of the operational semantics of executing agents. Pros and cons of each approach are also discussed. © 2018 CEUR-WS. All rights reserved.