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Öğe Automated irrigation management of organic greenhouse tomatoes(International Society for Horticultural Science, 2014) Tüzel I.H.; Tunali U.; Tepecik M.; Tüzel Y.; Öztekin G.B.This research investigated the effects of different irrigation schedules and mulching in greenhouse organic tomatoes grown using an automated irrigation system based on root zone soil moisture sensors. Two consecutive short cycle crop productions were conducted in a polyethylene greenhouse at Ege University, Bornova-Izmir, Turkey. Full irrigation (no stress) in which soil water content was allowed to be depleted to 20% in the plant root zone and two deficit irrigation treatments in which soil water content was allowed to be depleted to 35% (Deficit 1) and 50% (Deficit 2) of the available water content in the plant root zone were tested using sensor technologies and compared with and without mulching. An irrigation controller was installed in each irrigation treatment and the soil moisture was controlled and monitored with a theta-probe sensor installed at 15 and 45 cm soil depth. According to the overall results of two crop cycles, mulching did not statistically affect the yield. The highest yield was obtained from the full irrigation treatment with and without mulching in both cycles. Recorded total amount of irrigation water in fall and spring growing cycles were the highest in full irrigation treatments at 122 and 334 mm, respectively. Higher water consumption was determined in unmulched treatments in both growing seasons. Mulches achieved water savings of between 12 and 18%. Water consumption of tomato plants decreased with the increase of deficit levels. It was concluded that soil water content in loamy soils can be allowed to be depleted to 35% of the available water content in the plant root zone for irrigation management in tomato production under waterscarce situations, without significant decrease in yield.Öğe Effect of different irrigation schedules, substrates and substrate volumes on fruit quality and yield of greenhouse(2001) Tüzel I.H.; Tüzel Y.; Gül A.; Altunlu H.; Eltez R.Z.This study was conducted to determine the effects of three irrigation schedules in combination with locally available substrates and different bag volumes on yield, fruit quality and water consumption of tomato (cv. Fantastic). The substrates were: (1) perlite, (2) pumice, (3) volcanic ash, (4) perlite + peat (4:1, v/v), (5) pumice + peat (4:1, v/v) and (6) volcanic ash + peat (4:1, v/v). Irrigation was carried out according to the drainage volume as (1) once, (2) twice and (3) four times a day. The experimental design was split split plots with 3 replicates. The main plots, subplots and sub-subplots were irrigation schedule, substrate volume (4 and 8 litres) and substrate, respectively. Cumulative yield at two week intervals and some quality parameters (average fruit weight, total soluble solids, total dry matter content, pH, EC, vitamin C, titratable acidity) were determined. Experimental factors were found to significantly affect on yield after the 10th week. The higher total yields were obtained from plants grown in perlite+peat (7.4 kg/plant) and perlite (7.2 kg/plant). 8 litres rooting volume per plant resulted in a higher total yield (7.4 kg/plant) in comparison with 4 litres (6.2 kg/plant). Total yield obtained from the plants irrigated once a day (6.4 kg/plant) was lower than those obtained from the plants irrigated twice (6.9 kg/plant) and four times (7.1 kg/plant) daily. Fruit quality parameters varied according to treatments and sampling dates.Öğe Quality characteristics of drip irrigated carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L. cv. "eilat") under protected conditions(International Society for Horticultural Science, 2009) Aydinşakir K.; Özçelik A.; Büyüktaş D.; Tüzel I.H.The interest in cut flower cultivation is increasing gradually because of internal market demand, climate advantages of our country and increase on the production of cut flower for export in recent years. 52% of the total cut flower production in Turkey consists of carnation. This study aims to determine the effects of different irrigation levels on flowering and flower quality of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L. cv. "Eilat") grown in plastic greenhouse and irrigated by a drip irrigation system under Mediterranean (Antalya) conditions. In the study, two irrigation intervals (I1: 10 mm pan evaporation and I2: 20 mm pan evaporation) and four pan coefficient levels (K1=0.60 Epan, K2=0.90 Epan, K3=1.20 Epan and K4=1.50 Epan) were applied based on the amount of evaporation measured by a Class A pan located in the greenhouse. Additionally, the effects of different irrigation levels on flowering and flower quality of carnation were statistically analyzed. Results showed that high frequency irrigations using high pan coefficients increased flower stem length, flower stem diameter, stem weight, flower diameter, vase life and yield compared to low frequency irrigation with lower pan coefficients.Öğe Response of cucumber to deficit irrigation(International Society for Horticultural Science, 2009) Tüzel I.H.; Tüzel Y.; Öztekin G.B.; Meric M.K.; Whalley R.; Lock G.An experiment was conducted in a polyethylene greenhouse at farmers' condition with the objectives of i) determining cucumber response to water stress, ii) quantification of water use in different deficit irrigation programs, iii) defining practical recommendations for water management and iv) assess the crop response factor (ky) and water use of efficiency (WUE) under local conditions. The experiment was designed in three randomized blocks. Each block had four different treatments: (1) Full irrigation, soil water content was allowed to be depleted to 20% of available water content of the plant root zone, (2) Deficit 1, soil water content was allowed to be depleted to 40% of available water content of the plant root zone, (3) Deficit 2, soil water content was allowed to be depleted to 60% of available water content of the plant root zone and (4) Farmer's treatment-control, done according to farmers visual observations. A controller (GP1) was installed in each irrigation treatment in one block and the soil moisture, temperature and salinity were monitored with WET sensor and water-filled-tensiometers were installed at a 20 cm depth and SM200 moisture sensor installed at 40 cm depth. All irrigation and fertilization was undertaken with drip irrigation system. For each treatment, representative plants were grown in containers in order to measure the drained water. The highest yield was obtained from the full irrigation treatment (27.8 kg m-2) whereas it was lowest in Deficit 1 (20.3 kg m-2). Water consumption of treatments ranked between 387 to 591 mm. WUE values were the smallest in Farmer's treatment and were the greatest in Deficit treatments. Yield response factors varied from 0.66-1.22.
