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    Comparison of Psychobiological Personality Model and Five Factor Personality Theory in Turkish sample
    (Cumhuriyet Univ Tip Fak Psikiyatri Anabilim Dali, 2012) Sevi Tok, Emine Sevinc; Arkar, Haluk
    Objective: The aim of this research was to compare these two personality theories in the dimensional sense and to determine their relations, overlapping and correlative predictions. Methods: The sample of this study consisted of 200 healthy volunteers. One hundred and twelve participants were male and their old were changed from 18 to 63. The sample was constituted according to snowball sampling method. Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) and Five Factor Personality Inventory (FFPI) were used for data collection. Results: Except for the self-transcendence dimension, all dimensions of both theories are highly related over the level of 0.40, with at least one dimension of the other theory. According to regression analyzes 37-60% of FFPE dimensions' variance was predicted by TCI dimensions and 3-60% of TCI dimensions' variance was predicted by FFPI. Discussion: Nevertheless, these relations not indicate exactly overlapping, so two of personality theory's dimensions include unique properties in themselves.
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    The Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Medication, or Combined Treatment For Child Hood Anxiety Disorders
    (Turkiye Sinir Ve Ruh Sagligi Dernegi, 2016) Sevi Tok, Emine Sevinc; Arkar, Haluk; Bildik, Tezan
    Objective: The aims of this study were to evaluate the effectiveness of the Fear Hunter cognitive behavioral therapy program, which was developed for the treatment of childhood anxiety disorders, and to compare its effectiveness with standard medication treatment. Method: A total of 46 participants (aged 8 to 12) that applied to the Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry clinic and had a diagnosis of anxiety disorder were recruited for the study. The participants were randomly assigned to cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), standard drug treatment (ST), or combined treatment (CBT+ ST) groups according to the order of application. Subjects were evaluated using pretest, posttest and 3 months follow-up measurements. The participants were assessed by the researcher using The Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED), The Children's Negative Cognitive Errors Questionnaire (CNCEQ), Health Related Quality of Life in Children (Kid-KINDL), and Children's Depression Inventory (CDI). Results: The results of repeated measures ANOVA showed that, although general anxiety scores of all treatment conditions significantly decreased at posttest and follow up, a combination of two therapies (CBT+ST) had a significantly superior response rate. Moreover, all treatment conditions including CBT (CBT+ST and CBT) were superior to ST in terms of negative cognitive errors, quality of life, and depression. Conclusion: It is thought that The Fear Hunter Therapy Program is an effective treatment technique because; it provides significant improvement in the primary and secondary symptoms (e.g. quality of life, depression, negative automatic thoughts) of childhood anxiety disorders.
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    The Impact of Early Losses, Attachment, Temperament-Character Traits and Affect Regulation on the Development of Psychopathology
    (Turkiye Sinir Ve Ruh Sagligi Dernegi, 2018) Gurdal, Cemile; Sevi Tok, Emine Sevinc; Sorias, Oya
    Objective: The role of developmental issues and the constitutional factors are crucial for the conceptualization of psychopathology. The main aim of this research was to investigate the impact of early losses, attachment styles, affect regulation, and temperament-character traits on psychopathology. Furthermore, we also wanted to examine affect regulation and attachment styles as mediators of harm avoidance temperament trait and psychopathology. Method: The patient cohort was composed of two groups: a clinical group (n = 224) and a healthy control group (n = 61). The clinical group included major depressive disorder (n = 78), anxiety disorder (n = 74), and somatization disorder (n = 72). Data collection tools involved Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, and The Experiences in Close Relationships-II, Temperament Character Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory and Early Losses Search Form. Results: The losses that the clinical group experienced during their childhood period were higher than the control group. The clinical group had more anxious and avoidant attachment styles; had more difficulties in emotion regulation; used the adaptational cognitive emotion regulation strategies less and the non-adaptational strategies more; and had higher harm avoidance scores than the healthy group. Moreover, it was found that both the emotion regulation difficulties and attachment styles had a partial mediating effect on harm avoidance and depression and anxiety. Conclusion: In conclusion, early relationships and experiences have an impact on further development of psychopathology and are important in understanding the etiology of depression and anxiety.