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    Impact of grafting and rootstock on nutrient-to-water uptake ratios during the first month after planting of hydroponically grown tomato
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2017) Savvas, Dimitrios; Oztekin, Golgen Bahar; Tepecik, Mahmut; Ropokis, Andreas; Tuzel, Yuksel; Ntatsi, Georgia; Schwarz, Dietmar
    Tomato plants (cv. Primadonna F-1), non-grafted, self-grafted, or grafted onto the commercial rootstocks He-man' and Maxifort', were grown in recirculating nutrient solution. The uptake concentrations (UCs), i.e. mean nutrient-to-water uptake ratios of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, and B, were estimated based either on depletion from the nutrient solution or on accumulation in the plant biomass. Grafting onto both commercial rootstocks increased the total plant biomass. Hetero-grafting also increased the leaf N, Ca, and Cu concentrations but decreased those of Mg and Fe in comparison with self- and non-grafted plants. The mean UCs of N, Ca, and Cu were higher in plants grafted onto both commercial rootstocks in comparison with self- and non-grafted plants. However, hetero-grafting also raised the UCs of P, Fe, Mn, and B, because of an increased deposition of these nutrients to the roots in comparison with self-rooted plants. The method used to estimate the UCs, i.e. nutrient removal from the recirculating nutrient solution vs. nutrient recovery from plant biomass per volume unit of transpired water, resulted in similar values for N, Ca, Zn, and Cu, but had a significant impact on those of P, K, Mg, Fe, Mn, and B.
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    Rootstocks can enhance tomato growth and quality characteristics at low potassium supply
    (Elsevier Science Bv, 2013) Schwarz, Dietmar; Oztekin, Golgen Bahar; Tuzel, Yuksel; Brueckner, Bernhard; Krumbein, Angelika
    Grafting is nowadays regarded as a rapid tool aimed at increasing environmental stress tolerance of fruit vegetables. In cultivation systems oversupply of cations, saline or drought conditions and the type of the growing system can easily cause potassium (le) deficiency and thus, lead to a damage of physiological processes. The hypothesis was raised that rootstocks alleviate stress symptoms of tomato at moderate deficient K supply (4 mM) compared with regular (8 mM) in the nutrient solution. Moreover, the long-term response of grafted plants ('Classy', 'Piccolino') was studied to quantify the effectiveness of rootstocks ('Maxifort' and 'Brigeor') in mitigating K+ stress particularly on tomato yield and fruit quality attributes, such as appearance, firmness, taste and health promoting compounds. K+ deficiency resulted in a reduction of root growth, yield, fruit appearance, and carotenoids. On the other hand, firmness and concentration on single and total fruit sugars increased. In most of the characteristics negatively affected by low K+ supply, grafting was able to alleviate these effects. Thus, rootstocks improved root growth and morphology, yield, concentration of carotenoids and also titratable acids in fruits especially at low ICE supply. The portion of blossom end rot was reduced. However, the alleviation depended on the rootstock scion combination. Possible reasons of the rootstock effects were discussed, such as change in dry matter partitioning in favour of the fruits, improved Ca2+ availability and transport, increased photosynthesis and associated relationship between sugar and synthesis of ascorbic acid and carotenoids. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    Rootstocks can enhance tomato growth and quality characteristics at low potassium supply
    (Elsevier Science Bv, 2013) Schwarz, Dietmar; Oztekin, Golgen Bahar; Tuzel, Yuksel; Brueckner, Bernhard; Krumbein, Angelika
    Grafting is nowadays regarded as a rapid tool aimed at increasing environmental stress tolerance of fruit vegetables. In cultivation systems oversupply of cations, saline or drought conditions and the type of the growing system can easily cause potassium (le) deficiency and thus, lead to a damage of physiological processes. The hypothesis was raised that rootstocks alleviate stress symptoms of tomato at moderate deficient K supply (4 mM) compared with regular (8 mM) in the nutrient solution. Moreover, the long-term response of grafted plants ('Classy', 'Piccolino') was studied to quantify the effectiveness of rootstocks ('Maxifort' and 'Brigeor') in mitigating K+ stress particularly on tomato yield and fruit quality attributes, such as appearance, firmness, taste and health promoting compounds. K+ deficiency resulted in a reduction of root growth, yield, fruit appearance, and carotenoids. On the other hand, firmness and concentration on single and total fruit sugars increased. In most of the characteristics negatively affected by low K+ supply, grafting was able to alleviate these effects. Thus, rootstocks improved root growth and morphology, yield, concentration of carotenoids and also titratable acids in fruits especially at low ICE supply. The portion of blossom end rot was reduced. However, the alleviation depended on the rootstock scion combination. Possible reasons of the rootstock effects were discussed, such as change in dry matter partitioning in favour of the fruits, improved Ca2+ availability and transport, increased photosynthesis and associated relationship between sugar and synthesis of ascorbic acid and carotenoids. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.