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    Anatomical Features of the Opening of the Nasolacrimal Duct and the Lacrimal Fold (Hasner's Valve) for Intranasal Surgery: A Cadaveric Study
    (Wiley, 2009) Orhan, Mustafa; Ikiz, Zuhre Asli Aktan; Saylam, Canan Yurttas
    The location and size of the opening of the nasolacrimal duct and the lacrimal fold (Hasner's valve) are variable. These features have clinical importance in nasal surgery because of the difficulty in determining their location. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the anatomical features of the opening of the nasolacrimal duct and the lacrimal fold and to discuss the importance of such knowledge in minimizing the risk of injury at surgery. Twenty sagittal head sections from formalin-fixed cadavers were examined. The sections showed no evidence of pathology or trauma. The type of opening of the nasolacrimal duct was a vertical sulcus in 14 of 20 (70%), an oblique sulcus in 2 of 20 (10%), an oblique fissure in 2 of 20 (10%), a vertical fissure in 1 of 20 (5%), and an anteroposterior fissure in 1 of 20 specimens (5%). The lacrimal fold was present in 16 of 20 specimens (80%). Five different forms of this fold were observed. Some morphological features were evaluated quantitatively. We believe that detailed anatomical knowledge of the opening of nasolacrimal duct will be useful in surgical approaches to this area. Clin. Anat. 22:925-931, 2009. (C) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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    Anatomical Features of the Opening of the Nasolacrimal Duct and the Lacrimal Fold (Hasner's Valve) for Intranasal Surgery: A Cadaveric Study
    (Wiley, 2009) Orhan, Mustafa; Ikiz, Zuhre Asli Aktan; Saylam, Canan Yurttas
    The location and size of the opening of the nasolacrimal duct and the lacrimal fold (Hasner's valve) are variable. These features have clinical importance in nasal surgery because of the difficulty in determining their location. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the anatomical features of the opening of the nasolacrimal duct and the lacrimal fold and to discuss the importance of such knowledge in minimizing the risk of injury at surgery. Twenty sagittal head sections from formalin-fixed cadavers were examined. The sections showed no evidence of pathology or trauma. The type of opening of the nasolacrimal duct was a vertical sulcus in 14 of 20 (70%), an oblique sulcus in 2 of 20 (10%), an oblique fissure in 2 of 20 (10%), a vertical fissure in 1 of 20 (5%), and an anteroposterior fissure in 1 of 20 specimens (5%). The lacrimal fold was present in 16 of 20 specimens (80%). Five different forms of this fold were observed. Some morphological features were evaluated quantitatively. We believe that detailed anatomical knowledge of the opening of nasolacrimal duct will be useful in surgical approaches to this area. Clin. Anat. 22:925-931, 2009. (C) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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    Connections between the accessory nerve and the posterior root of the first cervical nerve
    (Springer France, 2009) Orhan, Mustafa; Saylam, Canan Yurttas; Ikiz, Z. Ash Aktan; Ucerler, Hulya; Zileli, Mehmet
    The aim of this study was to demonstrate the incidence of absence of the posterior root of the first cervical nerve, and the relation between the accessory nerve and the posterior root of the first cervical nerve in Turkish population. Dissections of the accessory nerve and the posterior root of the first cervical nerve were performed in 49 specimens from 27 formalin fixed cadavers ( 25 male and 2 female). The type of the connections between the accessory nerve and the posterior root of the first cervical nerve was classified into four types. Type III was the most common type in present study (30.6%). There was a connection between the accessory nerve and the posterior root of the first cervical nerve in this type. The connections demonstrated in this study are important in the etiology and surgical treatment of the spasmodic torticollis.
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    The Incidence and Anatomical Features of the McKenzie Branch: A Cadaver Study
    (Turkish Neurosurgical Soc, 2009) Saylam, Canan Yurttas; Orhan, Mustafa; Ikiz, Zuehre Asli Aktan; Ucerler, Huelya; Zilel, Mehmet
    AIM: The aim of this study was to demonstrate the morphological characteristics of the connections between the spinal accessory nerve and the anterior root of the first cervical nerve (Cl) which is also called the McKenzie branch. MATERIAL and METHODS: The cranial cervical regions of 49 specimens from 27 human cadavers were used for this study under an operating microscope. The topographical relationship of the accessory nerve to the anterior roots of C1 were studied. RESULTS: One cadaver had a connection branch (McKenzie branch) on both sides. CONCLUSION: The knowledge of the anatomy of these connections may help the clinician in determining treatments and surgical approaches in this anatomical area.