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    Comparison of the use of conventional, hydrophilic and gel-lubricated catheters with regard to urethral micro trauma, urinary system infection, and patient satisfaction in patients with spinal cord injury: a randomized controlled study
    (Edizioni Minerva Medica, 2010) Sarica, S.; Akkoc, Y.; Karapolat, H.; Aktug, H.
    Background. Management of the lower urinary tract is crucially important in patients with spinal cord injuries in order to prevent damage to the upper urinary tract and to preserve renal function. Aim. This study was designed to compare the use of standard polyvinyl chloride (PVC), hydrophilic-coated, and gel-lubricated non-hydrophilic catheters with regard to urethral micro trauma, urinary system infection, and patient satisfaction in patients with spinal cord injuries. Study design. Randomized, controlled study. Setting. University hospital, inpatient clinic. Population. Twenty-five male patients with spinal cord injuries. Methods. The patients were asked to use 3 different types of catheters. The selection of catheter order was determined randomly, and all 3 catheters were used for 6 weeks consecutively. All patients were assessed at the beginning of treatment and at weeks 6, 12, and 18, in terms of urethral cytology, urinalysis, urine culture, and patient satisfaction (Visual Analog Scale, VAS). Results. Ten patients completed the study. Regarding the urethral trauma evaluation, urethral cell counts were reduced with gel-lubricated non-hydrophilic catheter use (P<0.05), increased with PVC catheter use (P<0.05), and showed no change with hydrophilic-coated catheter use (P>0.05). The number of leucocytes in the urine sediment was significantly reduced after gel-lubricated catheter use (P<0.05). There was significantly less micro-hematuria with hydrophilic-coated and gel-lubricated non-hydrophilic catheter use compared with PVC catheter use (P<0.05). There were no significant differences among catheters with respect to symptomatic urinary tract infection and microbiological analysis of urine culture (P>0.05). The mean VAS was better with the gel-lubricated non-hydrophilic catheter than with the other two catheter types (P<0.05). Conclusion. The hydrophilic-coated catheter and especially the gel-lubricated non-hydrophilic catheter reduce trauma to the urethral surfaces and enable easy and comfortable catheterization. Clinical rehabilitation impact. The hydrophilic and gel-lubricated catheters represent an attractive alternative to standard PVC catheters for urological rehabilitation in patients with spinal cord injuries.
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    The use of oregano essential oil and enzyme mixture in corn-soybean meal based diets of broiler chicks
    (Eugen Ulmer Gmbh Co, 2014) Basmacioglu-Malayoglu, H.; Sarica, S.; Sanlier, S.; Polat, M.; Turan, N.; Yilmaz, H.
    This study was conducted to investigate the effects of the dietary oregano essential oil (OEO) with or without enzyme (ENZY) supplementation on the growth performance, digestive enzymes' activity, nutrient digestibility, lipid metabolism and immune response of broilers until to 21 d. The diets were supplemented with: no OEO or ENZY, 1 g/kg of the ENZY, 250 mg/kg of the OEO, 250 mg/kg of the OEO plus 1 g/kg of the ENZY, 500 mg/kg of the OEO, 500 mg/kg of the OEO plus 1 g/kg of the ENZY. The OEO supplementation at the level of 250 mg/kg significantly increased body weight gain during d 7 to 14 and d 0 to 21 and improved feed conversion ratio during only d 7 and 14. Supplementation of OEO at the both levels also increased feed intake, on the other hand, worsened feed conversion ratio, during d 14 to 21. The dietary ENZY supplementation alone significantly improved the BWG and FCR only at the period of 0 and 7 d. The OEO supplementation at the both levels significantly increased amylase activity at d 7 and chymotrypsin activity at d 14, the relative weights of pancreas and B. fabricius of broilers at d 21. On the other hand, OEO only at the 250 mg/kg level or ENZY supplementation significantly improved the faecal crude protein digestibility compared to the unsupplemented diet. Serum IgG and IgM levels and the antibody titres to NDV were significantly increased by OEO supplementation at the both levels. No interaction between OEO and ENZY were observed for all parameters. As a result, it can be said that the OEO supplementation alone at 250 mg/kg to corn-soybean meal based diet was neccessary to significantly improve the BWG and FCR and antibody titres to NDV for the first weeks of broilers. The positive effect of OEO was pronounced during the starter phase.