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Öğe Activity of the digestive protease, chymotrypsin, in larvae of the cultured sharpsnout sea bream (diplodus puntazzo)(2008) Aktulun S.; Suzer C.; Kamaci H.O.; Coban D.; Saka S.; Firat K.Specific and total activity of the digestive protease, chymotrypsin, was studied in cultured sharpsnout sea bream larvae (Diplodus puntazzo) for 35 days from hatching and in a variety of pH levels. Activity was detected upon hatching (2.8 ± 0.34 mm total length), before the onset of exogenous feeding. Specific chymotrypsin activity exponentially increased from mouth opening on day 3 until day 25, then dropped until the end of the experiment. Total chymotrypsin activity sharply increased to day 10, then continued to increase, but slightly, until the end of the experiment. As expected, pH strongly affected both specific and total chymotryptic activity in the digestive tracts of larvae. Both were significantly lower when pH was acidic (1.5, 3.0, 4.0) than when it was alkaline (8.0, 9.0, 10.0) although there were no significant differences within either the acidic or the alkaline range. Our results indicate that chymotrypsin activity is capable of digesting protein before mouth opening and may be a valuable tool for better understanding the nutritional capabilities of young larvae.Öğe Determination of the bioenergy production capacity from biochemical profiles of some aquatic phytoremediation plants. Energy while cleaning(Scibulcom Ltd., 2014) Gunes A.; Cakar H.; Akat O.; Guney M.A.; Ozkul B.; Koru E.; Korkut A.Y.; Suzer C.; Cirik S.; Firat K.; Saka S.This study aims to research the possibilities of converting some hydrophytes into energy by revaluating them after the harvesting process. These hydrophytes used in the phytoremediation studies disperse naturally in aquatic mediums, sometimes even revealing themselves as invasive species. Chosen hydrophytes samples (Eichornia crassipes, Cyperus alternifolius, Lemna minor, Pistia stratiotes, Typha latifolia, Nasturtium officinale, Houttonia cordata) are analysed in terms of oil rate, biochemical profiles which include elaeostearic compositions, COI/T.20/Doc No 17 (capillary column gas chromatography) and in-house methods. The obtained data are analysed in comparison to the elaeostearics rate and compositions of the plants used in biodiesel procurement (canola, soy, palm, sunflower, Botryococcus and Chlorella oils). As a result, it is found that linolenic acid and linoleic acid percentages especially stand forth in the plants Eichornia sp., Cyperus sp., Lemna sp., the stearic and oleic acid percentages are significantly high in Pistia sp., and palmitic elaeostearic percentage is higher in the plants of Houttonia sp. and Nasturtium sp. than the plants currently used in biodiesel procurement, yet the oil rate within their system is lower than these plants. Moreover, it is thought that the plant waste obtained after the harvest carried out in order to ensure the water quality of the systems may in the least meet this deficit.Öğe Disinfection of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata), red porgy (pagrus pagrus), and common dentex (Dentex dentex) eggs from sparidae with different disinfectants [Sparidae familyasi{dotless}ndan çipura (Sparus aurata), fangri (Pagrus pagrus) ve sinarit (Dentex dentex) yumurtalarimn farkli{dotless} dezenfektan maddelerle yüzey dezenfeksiyonu](2010) Can E.; Saka S.; Firat K.The aim of this study is to determine suitable conditions for egg disinfection of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata), red porgy (Pagrus pagrus), and common dentex (Dentex dentex) with glutaraldehyde, hydrogen peroxide and iodine. The eggs were disinfected with 200 ppm glutaraldehyde (T= 2, 4, 8, 16 min), 300 ppm hydrogen peroxide and iodine (T= 5, 10, 15, 20 min) at four different contact times. The hatching rate was determined in triplicates for each treatment. Also, bacteria colonies were counted on tryptic soy agar (TSA) and thiosulphate citrate bile salt sucrose agar (TCBS). At the end of the experiment, bacterial load and hatching rate were assessed together. For glutaraldehyde treatment, optimal hatching rates and bacterial colonies were estimated as CT (Disinfectant concentration in mg.l-1* exposure time in minute) 800 for sea bream eggs, CT 1600 for red porgy eggs and CT 800-1600 for common dentex eggs. Also, for hydrogen peroxide treatments, they were determined as CT 3000 for sea bream and red porgy and CT 4500 for common dentex. Finally, in iodine treatments, these parameters were measured as CT 4500-6000 for all species' eggs. However, in our study, it is clear that the glutaraldehyde showed the optimum disinfection effect against the microorganisms because the bacteria could be eliminated completely.Öğe Early weaning of sea bass (D. labrax) larvae: Effects on growth performance and digestive enzyme activities [Levrek (D. labrax, L.) larvalari{dotless}nda erken dönem mikropartikül yem girişi: Larval gelişim ve sindirim enzimleri aktivitesine olan etkisi](2011) Süzer C.; Okan Kamaci H.; Çoban D.; Saka S.; Firat K.; Karacaoglan A.In this study, effects of early weaning of sea bass (D. labrax) by microparticulate food on larval development and digestive enzyme activities, acid protease and alkaline protease were investigated until day 40. Larval rearing was conducted in closed sea water systems. Experiments were triplicated on 3 different weaning protocol that introduced on day 15 (MD15), day 20 (MD20) and day 25 (MD25) and also no microparticulate diet (MD) distributed in the control group. At the end of the experiment at 40-day, larval growth was calculated and the best values were obtained from MD25. Statistical differences among groups were not important (P>0.05) whereas MD15 was found different than the other groups (P<0.05). Also, survival rates were calculated as 3.6%, 14.7%, 43.6%, and 34.1% for the experimental groups, respectively. MD15 and MD20 groups were found different than the other groups (P<0.05). Nevertheless, activity of alkaline protease was detected synchronously by mouth opening and exogenous feeding and also increased by larval development. According to histological analysis, pancreas was observed by mouth opening and similarly developed with increasing of larval age. Alkaline protease activity changed by nutritional composition of feed and especially shifting of feed affected the enzymatic activity. There was no differences among the experimental groups (P>0.05) while control group was found statistically different (P<0.05). According to histological analysis, gastric glands and formation of functional stomach were observed on day 24-25 in all experimental groups. Acid protease activity firstly detected at 25 DAH. Control group was found different than the other groups (P<0.05). Finally, in terms of both growth parameters and survival rate and digestive enzyme activities it is clearly concluded that MD supplementation could be started after 25 DAH in D. labrax larviculture. © Published by Central Fisheries Research Institute (CFRI) Trabzon.Öğe Effect of some morphometric characteristics on egg quality in common dentex, Dentex dentex (Linnaeus, 1758) [Sinarit'lerde, Dentex dentex, yumurta kalitesi üzerine bazi morfometrik karakterlerin etkisi](2011) Çoban D.; Okan Kamaci H.; Süzer C.; Yildirim Ş.; Arda G.; Korkut A.Y.; Saka S.; Firat K.In this study, egg quality determination of common dentex (Dentex dentex) was investigated by using egg, yolk and oil globule diameter, from the first division to the hatching during natural and photoperiodic manipulation of spawning time. In the viable, floating eggs, the minimal and maximal diameter of the egg, yolk and oil globule were measured. Based on these measurements several parameters were calculated describing the shape of the egg, yolk and oil globule and the size relationship between these compartments. Hatching rate was calculated as 92% in natural spawning time (NST) and 64% photoperiodic manipulation of spawning time (PMST). Also, average egg diameter was measured as 0.949±0.038 mm in NST and 0.911±0.014 mm in PMST. In NST, egg diameter and yolk diameter of the eggs were significantly bigger than eggs in PMST (P<0.05). The morphometric parameters of oil globule could be accepted as an indicator for description of quality criteria of eggs. © Published by Central Fisheries Research Institute (CFRI) Trabzon, Turkey.Öğe Effect of supplemented algal carotenoid diets on skin color of tomato clownfsh, amphiprion frenatus(University of Punjab (new Campus), 2017) Hekimoglu M.A.; Firat K.; Saka S.; Süzer C.; Kop A.; Durmaz Y.This study analyzes the effect of Nannochloropsis oculata and Porphyridium cruentum as natural pigment sources on skin color of tomato clownfsh, Amphiprion frenatus. Two groups, each of 6 fsh were fed on feed containing (69.8±9.158 mg.g-1) N. oculata (Group A), and 67.21±7.068 mg.g-1 of P. cruentum (Group B). The third group (Group C) was fed on control basal diet (34.93±29.07 mg.g-1). Total carotenoid content of fsh skin was determined at 30-day intervals. At the end of the experiment the highest weight gain was found to be 1.73±0.37g in Group B, whereas the lowest performance (1.29±0.38 g) was received in Group C. The best feed conversion ratio was found in at Group B. The total carotenoid content of skin of fsh were found to be 0.77±0.61 µg.g-1 on the initial day in the experimental group. As a result of the measurements performed on the 120th day, the pigment values were determined as 30.39±0.39 µg.g-1 in Group A, 39.07±1.12 µg.g-1 in Group B and 35.68±10.69 µg.g-1 in the Group C. Group B pigment source is more effective on the color of tomato clownfsh A. frenatus. © 2017 Zoological Society of Pakistan.Öğe Effects of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and thawing rates on sperm motility for cryopreservation of sperm in gilthead seabream (Sparus Aurata)(Parlar Scientific Publications, 2020) Engin S.; Saka S.; Firat K.The aim of the present study was to establish a protocol for cryopreservation of sperm in Sparus aurata and also to verify the applicability under culture conditions. Cryopreservation of sperm was attempted by using two extenders: Extender A (10 % egg yolk, buffer solution) and Extender B (1% NaCl, 10% BSA Bovine Serum Albumin). Cryoprotectants were assessed at three different concentrations (5, 10 and 15 %, DMSO) individually as well as in combination with varying equilibration times (10 and 30 min). In order to maintain freezing rate, freezing protocols were adjusted by -30 °C/min intervals. Obtained results indicated that cryomedium constituting of Extender A with addition of 10% DMSO in dilution ratio of 1:3 (spermxryomedium) at an equilibration time of and freezing rate of -30 °C/min was more desirable compared to the other experimental procedures (Extender B) that were assessed (P>0.05). Moreover, 40 °C for 10 s presented highest post-thaw motility after end of the first month (72,7±0,35%) (P>0.05). Finally, it is determined that Extender A exhibited better performance in terms of sperm motility, freezing and thawing rate and also this ratio could be effectively utilized for cryopreservation of sperm for this species. © 2020 Parlar Scientific Publications. All rights reserved.Öğe Effects of salinity on digestive physiology during early ontogeny in newly hatched larvae of European sea bass (D. labrax)(Medwell Journals, 2014) Suzer C.; Coban D.; Hekymoglu M.; Okan Kamaci H.; Firat K.; Saka S.; Korkmaz G.In this study, the absorption dynamics of endogen food reserves and also specific activities of main pancreatic and intestinal enzymes were investigated in three different salinities (natural sea water, lower salinities as 30 and 25‰) during early ontogeny in larvae of sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax, until mouth opening. Among experimental groups, mouth and anus were completely opened in larvae and also although yolk sac was nearly absorbed in whole larvae, oil globule was not fully depleted at the end of the 120th h after Hatching (HAH). In all experimental groups, trypsin specific activity rapidly rose up during the first 48 HAH then decreased. Also, this activity increased to until end of the experiment. Lipase specific activity slowly increased during the first 48 HAH then rose up to 120 HAH. Amylase specific activity was almost stationary during the first 48 HAH and then gradually increased to the end of the experiment. From this time to the end of the experiment this activity slowly declined. For intestinal enzymes, Alkaline Phosphatase (AP) and leu-ala peptidase activity presented converse profile among the experimental groups. The specific activity of AP demonstrated quite similar pattern for trypsin during the experiment. For leu-ala peptidase activity, opposite pattern was observed for AP activity during the first 24 h, specific activity was relatively higher but after then, it slowly decreased concurrently in all experimental groups. As a result of this study, obtained results clearly summarized that significant differences were recorded in all experimental groups, however, the lower salinity levels (25 and 30‰) in experimental groups demonstrated relatively significant and higher results in terms of endogen reserves absorption, larval growth performance, survival rate and digestive enzyme activities compared to natural sea water experimental group (p<0.05). © Medwell Journals, 2014.Öğe Exocrine pancreas development and trypsin expression in cultured European Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) larvae [Kültürü Yapi{dotless}lan Levrek (Dicentrarchus labrax) larvalari{dotless}nda Ekzokrin Pankreas Gelişimi ve Tripsin Aktivitesi](2010) Kamaci H.O.; Çoban D.; Suzer C.; Aksu B.; Saka S.; Firat K.The ontogenesis and formation stages of exocrine pancreas in European sea bass (D. labrax) larvae were investigated from hatching to 40 days after hatching (DAH). Histological and enzymatical techniques were used to explain the functional development of the pancreas in D. labrax with the expression of trypsinogen activity. The incipient pancreas appeared as a lamination of the dorsal wall of the digestive tract. It was observed that the primary visible indication of exocrine cell differentiation was polarization. The first zymogen granules and pancreas with exocrine polyhedral cells appeared on 6 DAH and became abundant as a compact structure located dorsal and slightly posterior to the liver. At the same time, firstly, anus and then mouth were opened, and total lengths of larvae were determined as 3.47±0.26 mm. Until larval metamorphosis, the pancreas became diffuse, spreading throughout the mesentery enclosure, the stomach, the upper intestine and the pyloric caeca. On the other hand, zymogen granules were more numerous and larger, and a greater quantity of material was carried by the ducts, indicating an increased cellular activity. The specific activity of trypsin was determined as early as after hatching (42.54±6.8 mU/mg protein-1) at 4.28±0.2 mm total length of larvae and increased immediately during the following days especially after exogenous feeding. The highest tryptic activity was detected on 30 DAH as 122.45±11.76 mU/mg protein-1. It is concluded that exocrine pancreas organogenesis is the main critical step of the zymogen granules and trypsin activity is present as early as after hatching and continuously increasing with larval period of D. labrax. © Published by Central Fisheries Research Institute (CFRI) Trabzon, Turkey.Öğe External morphology of European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) related to sexual dimorphism [Eşeye Bagli{dotless} Olarak Levrek (Dicentrarchus labrax) Bali{dotless}klari{dotless}nda gözlenen morfolojik farkli{dotless}li{dotless}klar](2011) Çoban D.; Yildirim S.; Okan Kamaci H.; Suzer C.; Saka S.; Firat K.The relationships among 15 morphometric measurements in 219 aliquots of European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) were examined with respect to sexual dimorphism. The ratio of females to males was determined as 1:5.1 and gonadosomatic indices (%) were found for males (2.13 ± 0.86) and females (3.63 ± 1.18). There were 4 morphometric characteristics that differed between genders: ventral margin of cleithrum (VMC), postanal fin length (post-AFL), postdorsal fin length (post-DFL), and preanal fin length (pre-AFL). Although there were significant differences between morphometric characteristics (post-AFL, post-DFL, pre-AFL) and total length, no significant differences were found in the VMC. These average ratios were determined as pre-AFL to TL 0.61 +, 0.71 >; post AFL to TL 0.72 +, 0.84 >; post- DFL to TL 0.68 +, 0.81 >, respectively. The aim of this study was to investigate if sexual differences could affect external morphology in cultured seabass and, additionally, to determine sexual dimorphism related to morphological differences during the maturation and spawning seasons in this species. © TÜBİTAK.Öğe Nutrients and contaminants in seafood: Seasonal variation of proximate and fatty acid class composition of wild and cultured brown meagre (Sciena umbra), a new species for aquaculture(Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2006) Cakli S.; Dincer T.; Cadun A.; Saka S.; Firat K.Mediterranean fishery and aquaculture industry is looking for alternative species for aquaculture in sea cages. Different species can be chosen as potential aquaculture candidates because of their eating qualities, their nature and ability to be held in captivity at high densities. In this regard, brown meagre (Sciena umbra) is one of the candidate species, which offers good possibilities. No studies about the quality of this species either wild or cultured exist. In the current study, the proximate and fatty acid class composition of the flesh of cultured and wild brown meagre (Sciena umbra) were analysed each month during a 8 months period of time. In addition, colour measurements and sensory analyses were carried out. Clear seasonal differences were determined in the proximate composition of wild and cultured fish. The seasonal dependent fatty acid analysis done for each group of fish, seemed to indicate higher levels of monoenes, PUFA and HUFA (n-3 and n-6) fatty acids in cultured fish and higher levels of saturated fatty acids in wild fish. In the sensory analysis wild meagre was perceived as having less fresh odour and fresh flavour and being less fat and less juicy. From the results obtained in the present work it can be concluded that cultured brown meagre can be an addition to traditional cultured species. © Wageningen Academic Publishers. The Netherlands, 2006.Öğe Osteological development of vertebral column and caudal fin in sharpsnout seabream (Diplodus puntazzo) [Sivriburun karagöz (Diplodus puntazzo) larvalari{dotless}nda omurga ve kaudal yüzgecin osteolojik gelişimi](2010) Çoban D.; Suzer C.; Kamaci H.O.; Yildirim S.; Saka S.; Firat K.In current study, the healthy osteological development of the vertebral column and of the caudal fin systems in sharpsnout seabream (Diplodus puntazzo) was described under intensive culture condition. In order to study the osteological development, it was used 610 specimens which were stained by Alsian blue for cartilage and Alizarin Red S for bone. The development of the axial skeleton began with the formation of the hypural 1, the neural arches 1 and 4, as well as the haemal arches 1-6 at 4.3, 4.7 and 5.1 mm total length (TL, measured in vivo), respectively. The caudal lepidotrichia were the first membranous bones to appear (5.6 mm TL) and attain their full meristic counts (7.0 mm TL), followed by the vertebral centra, which formed between 5.9 and 8.4 mm TL. By 14.0 mm TL, all the elements were fully ossified except for the ventral ribs. The results of the skeletal ontogeny in D. puntazzo were compared with that reported for other Sparidae and Teleost fishes and also follow the same pattern of most Sparidae species investigated to date.Öğe Serum electrolytes of wild and captive bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus L.) in Turkish seas(2010) Percin F.; Konyalioglu S.; Firat K.; Saka S.The aim of the study was to investigate serum electrolytes-sodium (Na), potassium (K), chloride (Cl), Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg) and phosphorus (P) in wild and captive Bluefin Tuna (BFT) in the Eastern Mediterranean. For this purpose, 127 individual samples consisting of 62 wild and 65 farmed samples were chosen. The wild fish was obtained from Antalya Bay and the captives were taken from a tuna farm in Ildir Bay (Izmir) during the spring. The mean serum electrolyte levels of wilds were found to be as follows: 209.84 mmolL-1, 9.84 mEqL-1, 183.47 mmolL-1, 7.49 mEqL-1, 7.83 mg 100 ML-1, 5.03 mg 100ML-1. Analogous data for the captive fish were detected as follows: 205.85 mmolL-1, 6.46 mEqL-1, 180.45 mmolL-1, 7.19 inEqL-1, 6.68 mg 100 mL-1, 3.32 mg 100 mL-1. In comparing the wild with the captive fish, the K, Mg and P differences were significant, except for Na, Ca and CL (p<0.05). On the other hand in terms of gender, the mean serum electrolyte levels of 30 wild and 30 captive individual female BFT were determined, respectively to be as follows: Na, 205.58, 201.47 mmolL-1;K,8.73,6.38 mEqL-1;CL,186.25,182.63mmolL-1;Ca,7.19, 6.71 mEqL-1;Mg, 5.92, 6.52 mg 100 mL-1; P, 4.43, 3.06 mg 100 mL-1. In addition, these parameters for 32 wild and 35 captive male specimens were detected, respectively to be as follows: Na, 214.09, 210.23 mmolL-1; K, 10.95, 6.54mEqL-1; CL, 180.68, 178.27 mmolL-1; Ca, 7.78, 7.67 mEqL-1; Mg, 8.47, 6.83 mg 100mL-1; P, 5.62, 3.58 mg 100 mL-1. According to gender, the differences in K, Mg and Pin wild vs. captive female and wild vs. captive male samples were significant (p<0.05). However, the Na, Cl and Ca differences were not significant between wild and captive female and male specimens (p>0.05). © Medwell Journals, 2010.
