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    Acute myocardial infarction elevates serine protease activity in saliva of patients with periodontitis
    (2012) Mäntylä P.; Buduneli E.; Emingil G.; Tervahartiala T.; Pussinen P.J.; Bariş N.; Akilli A.; Atilla G.; Sorsa T.
    Background and Objective: There are indications that acute myocardial infarction (AMI) may have an effect on the oral environment, which is reflected in the expression of salivary and gingival proteinases. According to our knowledge, no studies have been carried out to investigate the effect of AMI on the activities of two major tissue-destructive serine protease and microbial effectors, elastase and cathepsin G, produced by oral fluid polymorphonuclear granulocytes (PMN). Therefore, we compared the activities of elastase and cathepsin G in saliva from patients with AMI and from systemically healthy subjects (non-AMI) with similar periodontal conditions. Material and Methods: A total of 92 patients (47 AMI and 28 non-AMI patients with gingivitis or periodontitis, and 17 systemically and periodontally healthy subjects as a control group) were recruited. Clinical periodontal measurements were recorded, and stimulated whole-saliva samples were collected. The patients with AMI were clinically examined within 3-4d after admission to the coronary care unit. The activities of saliva neutrophil elastase and cathepsin G were measured after collection, at specific time-points during incubation (from baseline to 23h) by specific synthetic peptide substrate assays. Results: The saliva of patients with AMI and periodontitis had a significant trend for the highest elastase activities among the study groups. Elastase and cathepsin G activities correlated significantly with each other in the AMI periodontitis group (r=0.8, p<0.01). In a logistic regression analysis, the level of salivary elastase activity associated significantly with periodontitis. Conclusion: AMI may be reflected in PMN serine protease elastase activity in saliva, despite its strong association with periodontitis. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.
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    Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8 and tissue inhibitor of MMP-1 (TIMP-1) gene polymorphisms in generalized aggressive periodontitis: Gingival crevicular fluid MMP-8 and TIMP-1 levels and outcome of periodontal therapy
    (American Academy of Periodontology, 2014) Emingil G.; Han B.; Gürkan A.; Berdeli A.; Tervahartiala T.; Salo T.; Pussinen P.J.; Köse T.; Atilla G.; Sorsa T.
    Background: The aim of the present study is to investigate matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8 and tissue inhibitor of MMP-1 (TIMP-1) gene polymorphisms in generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP) and to assess the effects of MMP-8 and TIMP-1 genotypes on the outcomes of non-surgical periodontal therapy. Methods: Genomic DNA was obtained from peripheral blood of 100 patients with GAgP and 167 periodontally healthy controls. MMP-8 +17 C/G, -799 C/T, -381 A/G and TIMP-1 372 T/C, *429 T/G polymorphisms were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Patients with GAgP received non-surgical periodontal therapy and were followed for 6 months. Clinical periodontal parameters and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples were collected at baseline and at follow-up visits. GCF biomarkers were analyzed by immunofluorescence assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Distribution of the MMP-8-799 C/T genotypes was significantly different between the GAgP and control groups (P <0.005). TIMP-1 372 T/C and *429 T/G genotypes in males were also significantly different between study groups (P <0.004). GCF MMP-8 levels decreased until 3 months after non-surgical therapy compared with baseline in T and G alleles, as well as G and C allele carriers (P <0.0125), whereas no significant decreased was observed in non-carriers (P >0.0125). Conclusion: On the basis of the present findings, it can be suggested that MMP-8-799 C/T and TIMP-1 372 T/C, *429 T/G gene polymorphisms in males may be associated with the susceptibility to GAgP in the Turkish population.