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Öğe Bacillus cereus EC9 protects tomato against Fusarium wilt through JA/ET-activated immunity(Frontiers Media S.A., 2022) Pazarlar S.; Madriz-Ordeñana K.; Thordal-Christensen H.The mechanisms of action and the limitations of effectiveness of natural biocontrol agents should be determined in order to convert them into end products that can be used in practice. Rhizosphere Bacillus spp. protect plants from various pathogens by displaying several modes of action. However, the ability of Bacillus spp. to control plant diseases depends on the interaction between the bacteria, host, and pathogen, and the environmental conditions. We found that soil drenching of tomato plants with the non-antifungal Bacillus cereus strain EC9 (EC9) enhances plant defense against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol). To study the involvement of plant defense-related phytohormones in the regulation of EC9-activated protection against Fol, we conducted plant bioassays in tomato genotypes impaired in salicylic acid (SA) accumulation, jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis, and ethylene (ET) production, and analyzed the transcript levels of pathways-related marker genes. Our results indicate that JA/ET-dependent signaling is required for EC9-mediated protection against Fol in tomato. We provide evidence that EC9 primes tomato plants for enhanced expression of proteinase inhibitor I (PI-I) and ethylene receptor4 (ETR4). Moreover, we demonstrated that EC9 induces callose deposition in tomato roots. Understanding the involvement of defense-related phytohormones in EC9-mediated defense against Fusarium wilt has increased our knowledge of interactions between non-antifungal plant defense-inducing rhizobacteria and plants. Copyright © 2022 Pazarlar, Madriz-Ordeñana and Thordal-Christensen.Öğe A comparison of six total RNA isolation methods for diagnosis of GYSVd-1 (Grapevine yellow speckle viroid-1) on vitis vinifera L. leaves(Pakistan Botanical Society, 2014) Paylan İ.C.; Çandar A.; Gümüş M.; Pazarlar S.; Önder S.Isolation of high quality RNA from plant tissues is one of the most critical steps for the successful application of diagnostic tests such as reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), northern blotting, microarray hybridization. The presence of inhibitors such as secondary metabolites, phenolic compounds and RNAses can cause inaccurate and undesirable results. Grapevine is rich in a wide range of metabolites which interfere with RNA isolation. From this point of view, we researched six different total RNA extraction methods on leaves of Vitisvinifera L. to find the best one that contribute the purity and high quality. The methods tested are silica-capture, modified silica-capture, commercial kit, the new combined, lithium chloride and citric buffer. RNA quality was analyzedspectrophotometrically by nanodrop, agarose gel electrophoresis and RT-PCR. As a result of all, it is clear that the most suitable TNA isolation protocol is the new combined method which experienced and named firstly by us, in terms of RNA purity, concentration, less time consuming of isolation step and achievement on detection of GYSVd-1. © 2014, Pakistan Botanical Society. All rights reserved.Öğe The effects of tobacco mosaic virus infection on growth and physiological parameters in some pepper varieties (Capsicum annuum L.)(2013) Pazarlar S.; Gümüs M.; Öztekin G.B.Changes in some growth (plant leaf number and area, plant biomass, plant height, root length, and plant stem diameter) and physiological (photosynthetic pigments, relative water content (RWC) and proline content) parameters of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) varieties were studied as they were affected by Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) infection. The greenhouse pepper cvs 'Ergenekon F1', 'Kumsal F1', and one candidate variety ('497 F1') were used as material to compare infected versus non-infected control plants. Infected plants showed various degrees of stunting; necrosis on stems, leaves and fruits; mosaic symptoms on leaves; deformations, defoliation of leaves, and reduction in fruit size. Besides these, TMV infection resulted in reduction of vegetative growth parameters, RWC, chlorophyll a and b, plant fresh and dry production in different parts of the plants, but increase of proline content in leaves. The level of response differed depending on varieties.Öğe Exogenous application of pipecolic acid induces stomatal closure in Arabidopsis thaliana L.; [Ekzojen pipekolik asit uygulaması Arabidopsis thaliana L.’ da stoma kapanmasını tetikler](Ege Universitesi, 2024) Pazarlar S.Objective: The major objectives of this study were (i) to determine whether exogenous Pipecolic acid treatment triggers the stomatal closure; (ii) to assess how the stomatal response is influenced by the method and concentrations of Pipecolic acid treatment; (iii) to investigate the response of Pipecolic acid-primed plants to the foliar bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 that invades plants through stomata. Material and Methods: Freshly harvested Arabidopsis leaves were immersed in MES-KCl buffer supplemented with 1 mM of D,L-Pipecolic acid for 2 h. Stomatal aperture was measured in epidermal strips collected from the abaxial side of the leaves. Stomatal aperture in Pipecolic acid-treated plants was also directly quantified after Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 inoculation. Results: The treatment with D,L-Pipecolic acid resulted in increased stomatal closure in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatments with 0.1 mM and 1 mM of D,L-Pipecolic acid led to a reduction in stomatal aperture by 32.5% and 54.7%, respectively. Leaves treated with either 1 mM of D,L-Pipecolic acid or L-Pipecolic acid demonstrated similar stomatal apertures corresponding to 2.67 and 2.49 ?m, respectively. The stomatal apertures did not exhibit a significant difference between the treatments following the Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 infection. Pipecolic acid-mediated enhanced defense is independent of stomatal immunity. Conclusion: Exogenous Pipecolic acid triggers preinvasion stomatal closure in Arabidopsis. There is no difference between pipecolic acid application methods (soil drenching or foliar spray) in terms of affecting stoma closure. © 2024 Ege Universitesi. All rights reserved.Öğe Ozone triggers different defence mechanisms against powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis DC. Speer f. sp. tritici) in susceptible and resistant wheat genotypes(CSIRO, 2017) Pazarlar S.; Cetinkaya N.; Bor M.; Ozdemir F.Ozone has been proposed as a convenient elicitor against pathogens since it is known to generate different reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induce nonspecific defence by altering gene expression. The mode of action and its interaction with other defence pathways are yet to be elucidated. Besides its negative effects on plants, ozone can be used for triggering defence against environmental stresses, including pathogens, when used at appropriate concentrations. Powdery mildew, caused by the obligate biotrophic fungus Blumera graminis f.sp. tritici (Bgt), is an important plant disease that reduces crop yield and quality. We hypothesised that ozone treatment may elicit defence against Bgt by inducing ROS signalling or other routes such as the salicylic acid (SA) or jasmonic acid (JA) pathways. We conducted experiments with Bgt-susceptible (cv. Pamukova) and resistant (cv. Tahirova) wheat (Triticum aestivum L,) cultivars and treated them with different ozone concentrations before Bgt inoculation. Stress response and defence-related features such as antioxidative enzyme activity; lipid peroxidation; H2O2 and Ca+2 levels; PR1, LOX, PAL and RBOH gene expression; and disease severity were assayed. Clear discrepancies between the responses of susceptible and resistant cultivars were found, suggesting that different defence routes were activated. Here, we showed that ozone treatment was effective for diminishing Bgt invasion in the susceptible cultivar in the short term, which was probably related to defence induced via the SA pathway. Moreover, the resistant cultivar Tahirova exhibited a different mode of action against the pathogen that was triggered by ozone treatment, plausibly related to the JA pathway.
