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    Exogenous pipecolic acid modulates plant defence responses against Podosphaera xanthii and Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)
    (Wiley, 2021) Pazarlar, S.; Sanver, U.; Cetinkaya, N.
    Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is a long-lasting and broad-based resistance that can be activated following infection with (a)virulent pathogens and treatment with exogenous elicitors. Pipecolic acid (Pip), a Lys-derived non-protein amino acid, naturally occurs in many different plant species, and its N-hydroxylated derivative, N-hydroxypipecolic acid (NHP), acts as a crucial regulator of SAR. in the present study, we conducted a systemic analysis of the defence responses of a series of D,L-Pip-pretreated Cucumis sativus L. against Podosphaera xanthii (P. xanthii) and Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans (Psl). The effects of D,L-Pip on ROS metabolism, defence-related gene expression, SA accumulation and activity of defence-related enzymes were evaluated. We show that exogenously applied D,L-Pip successfully induces SAR in cucumber against P. xanthii and Psl, but not Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum (Foc). Exogenous application of D,L-Pip via the root system is sufficient to activate the accumulation of free and conjugated salicylic acid (SA), and earlier and stronger upregulation of SAR-associated gene transcription upon P. xanthii infection. Furthermore, D,L-Pip treatment and subsequent pathogen inoculation promote hydrogen peroxide and superoxide accumulation, as well as Rboh transcription activation in cucumber plants, suggesting that D,L-Pip-triggered ROS production might be involved in enhanced defence reactions against P. xanthii. We also demonstrate that D,L-Pip pretreatment increases the activity of defence-associated enzymes, including peroxidase, chitinase and beta-1,3-glucanase. The results presented in this report provide promising features of Pip as an elicitor in cucumber and call for further studies that may uncover its potential in production areas against different phytopathogens.
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    First Report of Pseudomonas viridiflava Causing Bacterial Blight on Globe Artichoke in Turkey
    (Amer Phytopathological Soc, 2019) Sanver, U.; Pazarlar, S.; Cetinkaya, N.; Ozaktan, H.
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    Use of Biostimulants to Improve Ozone Tolerance in Cereals
    (Springer Nature, 2022) Pazarlar, S.
    Ozone (O3) formed in the troposphere, one of the major threats to plant health, critically affects the various phases of the physiological processes of plants, resulting in a loss of plant productivity. Cereals as major contributors to the feeding of the human population are considered sensitive or moderate sensitive to O3 stress. O3 damage caused by the increasingly emerging impacts of climate change is among the main global problems that are expected to affect crop production more severely in the near future, and therefore, many researchers have focused on innovative strategies to reduce the negative impacts of O3 stress. Plant biostimulants (PBs), relatively newly classified compounds, have been utilized for modifying/regulating the physiological process of plants to alleviate stress-driven limitations or promote growth. There are well-known synthetics and natural compounds that biostimulate plants for better performance and improved O3 tolerance. PBs or compounds that act as PBs offer great potential to achieve the yield targets in cereals under the stress of O3 in a much more efficient and relatively sustainable way; the types and properties of which have been tested in cereals so far are discussed in this chapter. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022