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Öğe ANTIMITOTIC EFFECTS OF ACENAPHTHENE AND TRIFLURALIN ON ANDROGENIC TOBACCO HAPLOIDS(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2014) Orcen, Nesrin; Emiroglu, UlkuIn order to test the chromosome doubling effect of two antimitotic chemicals "trifluralin" and "acenaphthene", two experiments were conducted separately, using androgenetic haploid plantlets with 3 to 5 leaves of tobacco "Nicotiana tabacum cv. Saribaglar". Seed settings were considered in distinguishing dihaploids. In the trifluralin experiment, plantlets were treated in flasks containing liquid Nitsch medium and 0, 10, 30 and 50 mu M trifluralin for 24, 48 and 72 h on a 150 rpm shaker. Fifty plantlets were used per treatment and experimental design was split-plotted with three replications. The highest chromosome doubling was recorded for 24 h treatment with 10 mu M concentration. Acenaphthene experiment was carried out with 3 replications of monofactorial randomized plots. About 100 mg crystals were hanged into small sterilized cheesecloth bags into culture vessels (6x7cm) containing 5 haploid plantlets, for 48, 72 and 96 h. Fifty plantlets per treatment were used, and treatment effects were not significant, although average doubling ratios increased from 3.2 to 10.4% with increasing durations.Öğe CYTOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF TOBACCO PLANTLETS OBTAINED FROM ANDROGENIC HAPLOIDS THROUGH CHROMOSOME DOUBLING(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2014) Orcen, Nesrin; Emiroglu, UlkuChromosome doubling strategies are commonly used as useful tool for plant breeding. Chromosome doubling agents applied to meristem are able to penetrate to different parts of it. Using of antimitotic agents leads to chromosome doubling by acting on cells' dividing. The domain of meristem layer in the plants with doubled chromosome can be determined using cytogenetic methods. This study is conducted to determine the cytological characterization of tobacco plantlets obtained from anther culture through chromosome doubling. The haploids produced from Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Saribaglar (2n = 48) were used as plant material. The chromosome doubling was carried out using trifluralin and acenaphthene. The chromosome counting was conducted for 937 of treated (with trifluralin and acenaphthene) and control plants. The chromosome counting of 422 treated plants with trifluralin, 185 haploid (2n = 24), 199 diploid (2n = 48), 3 tetraploid (2n = 96), 8 mixedploid (haploid and diploid series) and 27 aneuploid plantlets were observed. In acenaphthene applied plantlets (249), 225 haploid, 15 diploid and 9 aneuploid plantlets were determined. Also, for determining treated plantlets ploidy level, the guard cell lengths were used. Taking into consideration the stomata length, examined total plantlets (956) were classified into three groups as haploid (572), diploid (383) and tetraploid (1).Öğe DETERMINATION OF CYTOPLASMIC INHERITANCE ROLE IN HEAVY METAL HYPERACCUMULATION MECHANISM OF TOBACCO PLANT(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2020) Orcen, NesrinEnvironmental pollution in relation to heavy metals is a worldwide issue. A large number of methods and techniques are utilized to overcome this problem. For this purpose, one of the most widely used techniques is phytoremediation, which is considered as a green technology. the mentioned technique involves the capability of some specific plants to absorb and accumulate heavy metal ions of plant parts. Phytoremediation has received increasing attention starting from the discovery of hyperaccumulator plants, which are able to concentrate high levels of specific metals in their aboveground harvestable biomass. the roots of Nicotiana species with the synthesis and release of nicotine and the precursor - nicotinamide as a significant heavy metal chelator can make tobacco as a potential crop for the aim of phytoremediation. the purpose of this study is the determination of cytoplasmic inheritance role in the heavy metal hyperaccumulation mechanism. Maternal effects for heavy metal (cadmium) hyperaccumulation mechanism were evaluated reciprocal F1 tobacco plant from crosses between the Basma cv. having a hyperaccumulation mechanism and Dubek cv. having not a hyperaccumulation mechanism. When calculated by comparing the progeny means from reciprocal crosses, maternal effects were not significant for any of the crosses. the obtained data indicate that the heavy metal hyperaccumulation mechanism was not related to maternal factors in the tobacco cultivars used in this experiment. the determination of the role of the cytoplasmic heredity in the cadmium accumulation mechanism according to the performance of the crosses is a useful tool from the standpoint of the strategy used in improving of new varieties.Öğe IDENTIFICATION OF MORPHOLOGICAL PARAMETERS AND CYTOLOGICAL PROFILE OF STEVIA (STEVIA REBAUDIANA BERTONI)(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2020) Orcen, Nesrin; Karaman, HarunThe importance of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni is increasing due to including steviol glycosides that are zero-calorie sweeteners. This study was conducted in order to determine and compare the morphological and cytological characteristics of Stevia rebaundiana plants obtained from different locations in Turkey (Bayindir, Kusadasi, Burhaniye, Gursu and Bafra) under field conditions in Izmir. the experiment was carried out using a randomized complete block design replicated three times in the Faculty of Agriculture of Ege University. According to the results obtained, the tallest plants measured were those from the Burhaniye and Gursu genotypes. the maximum number of branches was found in the Burhaniye genotype. While the maximum number of leaves was observed on plants from the Gursu genotype, the maximum fresh herb and dry herb yields were obtained from the Burhaniye genotype. the maximum dry leaf yield and the maximum chlorophyll content (SPAD value) were also seen in the Burhaniye genotype. As a result, it was determined that the highest herb yields were obtained from stevia plants of the Burhaniye genotype. This study emphasizes the importance of genotype selection by considering the morphological and cytological characteristics of stevia plants for future polyploidy breeding studies in Mediterranean climate conditions.Öğe IN VITRO ORGANOGENESIS AND REGENERATION OF ALFALFA (MEDICAGO SATIVA L.) DOMESTIC CULTIVAR CV. KAYSERI(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2013) Orcen, NesrinIn the present research, the responses of the tissue culture of five explant types (first leaf, leaf, epicotyl, hypocotyl and apical shoot tip) of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) cv. Kayseri in two different basic media (MS and PC-L2) supplemented with different concentrations of 6-benzyladenine (BA; 1, 3, and 5 mg/L) combined with NAA (1-naphthalene acetic acid; 1 mg/L) were evaluated. The highest number of shoots per explant was obtained from shoot tip explants. Comparing BA concentration levels, the inclusion of 5mg/L BA in the media was more effective on number of shoots per explant than the other levels. Shoot height formed from epicotyl and shoot tip explants was higher than the other explant types. Generally, all of explant types in both media reached the highest height at the 1 mg/L BA concentration level.Öğe PHYTOREMEDIATION CAPACITIES OF ORIENTAL TOBACCO VARIETIES: CADMIUM AND CHROMIUM CASES(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2013) Orcen, NesrinIn this study, cadmium (Cd) and chromium (Cr) phytoremediation responses of different tobacco varieties were compared and genetic differences between these varieties were analyzed. Two pot experiments were established with four oriental tobacco varieties, Akhisar, Basma, Dibek and Saribaglar, which were grown for 50 days in media containing 0, 10, 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg of Cd and Cr. Plants were departed as root, stem and leaf, and analyzed for their Cd and Cr amounts. In this regard, Cd and Cr distribution and uptake rates in different plant parts of the varieties were determined. Bioconcentration factor (BCF) values, which are considered to be important criteria for phytoremediation, were also calculated. Results revealed that Basma was the most efficient variety but Dibek was the most inefficient one in terms of biomass formation, Cd and Cr concentrations and uptake rates in the different plant parts. Basma variety with higher BCF values was also found to be more effective than the other varieties for phytoremediation of Cd and Cr. Research results show that this variety can be classified as hyperaccumulator in terms of Cd.Öğe PHYTOREMEDIATION CAPACITIES OF ORIENTAL TOBACCO VARIETIES: CADMIUM AND CHROMIUM CASES(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2013) Orcen, NesrinIn this study, cadmium (Cd) and chromium (Cr) phytoremediation responses of different tobacco varieties were compared and genetic differences between these varieties were analyzed. Two pot experiments were established with four oriental tobacco varieties, Akhisar, Basma, Dibek and Saribaglar, which were grown for 50 days in media containing 0, 10, 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg of Cd and Cr. Plants were departed as root, stem and leaf, and analyzed for their Cd and Cr amounts. In this regard, Cd and Cr distribution and uptake rates in different plant parts of the varieties were determined. Bioconcentration factor (BCF) values, which are considered to be important criteria for phytoremediation, were also calculated. Results revealed that Basma was the most efficient variety but Dibek was the most inefficient one in terms of biomass formation, Cd and Cr concentrations and uptake rates in the different plant parts. Basma variety with higher BCF values was also found to be more effective than the other varieties for phytoremediation of Cd and Cr. Research results show that this variety can be classified as hyperaccumulator in terms of Cd.Öğe REGENERATION OF BIRD'S-FOOT TREFOIL (Lotus corniculatus L.) NATIVE RACE OF AEGEAN REGION(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2013) Orcen, NesrinRegeneration capacities of five explants (cotyledon, leaf, epicotyl, hypocotyl, apical shoot tip) of bird's-foot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) native race of the Aegean Region in two different basic media (MS and PC-L2), supplemented with different concentrations of 6-benzyladenine (BA), were evaluated using an in vitro system. Shoot tip explants, 3 mg L-1 BA concentration levels, and MS basic media provided the best shoot formation percentage and the maximum number of shoots. The highest shoot length was recorded at shoot tip and epicotyl segments on MS supplemented with 1 mg L-1 BA. To induce rooting, individual elongated shoots were isolated and individually transferred to MS medium containing different concentrations (0.5-2.5 mg L-1) and types of auxins; NAA (alpha-naphthalene acetic acid), IAA (indole-3-acetic acid) and IBA (indole-3-butyric acid). Among different concentrations and types of auxins, the best response for rooting was obtained with 1.0 mg L-1 NAA, considering root formation percentage and root length.Öğe REGENERATION OF BIRD'S-FOOT TREFOIL (Lotus corniculatus L.) NATIVE RACE OF AEGEAN REGION(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2013) Orcen, NesrinRegeneration capacities of five explants (cotyledon, leaf, epicotyl, hypocotyl, apical shoot tip) of bird's-foot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) native race of the Aegean Region in two different basic media (MS and PC-L2), supplemented with different concentrations of 6-benzyladenine (BA), were evaluated using an in vitro system. Shoot tip explants, 3 mg L-1 BA concentration levels, and MS basic media provided the best shoot formation percentage and the maximum number of shoots. The highest shoot length was recorded at shoot tip and epicotyl segments on MS supplemented with 1 mg L-1 BA. To induce rooting, individual elongated shoots were isolated and individually transferred to MS medium containing different concentrations (0.5-2.5 mg L-1) and types of auxins; NAA (alpha-naphthalene acetic acid), IAA (indole-3-acetic acid) and IBA (indole-3-butyric acid). Among different concentrations and types of auxins, the best response for rooting was obtained with 1.0 mg L-1 NAA, considering root formation percentage and root length.Öğe The Responses of Stomatal Parameters and SPAD Value in Asian Tobacco Exposed to Chromium(Hard, 2013) Orcen, Nesrin; Nazarian, Gholamreza; Gharibkhani, MasoudIn this study, the responses of Asian tobacco varieties to chromium stress were investigated. To determine the responses arising from genotypic differences, Basma and Dubek varities were used. Basma was suitable for removing Cr from soil and was more tolerant than Dubek to chromium stress. A significant variation in stomatal characters, except for stomatal width, was observed in both varieties. In parallel with the increasing doses of Cr, stomata density significantly increased in both genotypes. Also, it was observed that stomatal length decreased with increases in Cr dosage. The increase in Cr concentration leads to decrease in SPAD value. It was observed that the SPAD value of Basma was more than Dubek in control plants. The correlation of stomatal parameters with each other and SPAD values were also calculated. A negative correlation was found between the SPAD value and stoma density in both varieties. Also, a positive correlation was observed between SPAD value and stomatal length. There was a significant negative correlation between stoma density and stomatal length.Öğe The Responses of Stomatal Parameters and SPAD Value in Asian Tobacco Exposed to Chromium(Hard, 2013) Orcen, Nesrin; Nazarian, Gholamreza; Gharibkhani, MasoudIn this study, the responses of Asian tobacco varieties to chromium stress were investigated. To determine the responses arising from genotypic differences, Basma and Dubek varities were used. Basma was suitable for removing Cr from soil and was more tolerant than Dubek to chromium stress. A significant variation in stomatal characters, except for stomatal width, was observed in both varieties. In parallel with the increasing doses of Cr, stomata density significantly increased in both genotypes. Also, it was observed that stomatal length decreased with increases in Cr dosage. The increase in Cr concentration leads to decrease in SPAD value. It was observed that the SPAD value of Basma was more than Dubek in control plants. The correlation of stomatal parameters with each other and SPAD values were also calculated. A negative correlation was found between the SPAD value and stoma density in both varieties. Also, a positive correlation was observed between SPAD value and stomatal length. There was a significant negative correlation between stoma density and stomatal length.Öğe Soil salinization and climate change(Elsevier, 2020) Okur, Bulent; Orcen, Nesrin[No abstract available]Öğe STOMATAL PARAMETERS AND GROWTH RESPONSES OF NICOTIANA AND ATRIPLEX TO Cd, Pb AND Cd-Pb-CONTAMINATED SOIL(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2017) Orcen, NesrinStomata are the pores which surrounded by two guard cells which play an important role in regulation of plant water balance and gas exchange between plant internal tissues and the atmosphere. In this study, the probability of stomata role in increasing the accumulation of Cd while applying Cd-Pb together to the soil was studied in Atriplex species and Tobacco varieties. Therefore, the growth and stomatal parameters of Nicotina and Atriplex was studied under the treatment of Cd, Pb and Cd-Pb. In addition, the probability of existence of differences and similar trends between plant responds to different application of heavy metals was compared. All Cd, Pb and Cd-Pb treatments has led to decrease in biomass in both plants. On the other hands, the Cd, Pb and Cd-Pb treatments had effect on increasing the number of the stomata in both plants, and the stomata density achieved to the maximum level in Cd-Pb treatment. It can be interpret that the increase of stomata in plant might be used as a method to alleviate the effects of heavy metal stress. It is also obvious that in compared to other stomatal parameters, the stomata number is reliable and useful tool for determining the accumulation level and transport of heavy metal in plant.Öğe USE OF SOME STRESS TOLERANCE INDICES FOR LATE DROUGHT IN SPRING WHEAT(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2014) Orcen, Nesrin; Altinbas, MetinIn Mediterranean climate, unforeseen late drought stress is one of the factors causing important yield losses in wheat production. In this study, in order to determine drought-tolerant wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes and appropriate stress tolerance index under drought stress condition, two separate experiments were conducted with twenty four spring wheat cultivars/line in Bornova (rainfed) and Aydin (irrigated) during 2004-2005 growing season. Using grain yield of each genotype grown in irrigated and non-irrigated (drought) condition, drought tolerance (TOL), relative yield loss in drought environmental (RDY), geometric mean of yield (GM), stress susceptibilities index (SSI) and stress tolerant index (STI) were calculated, which are considered as drought stress predicting indices. It was observed that genotypes with high yield in irrigated condition had generally lower stress tolerances in drought condition, due to yield loss. A high positive correlation was determined between geometric yield mean and yields in drought and irrigated conditions. Also, a high positive correlation was observed between yields in both irrigated and non-irrigated conditions and STI value. It was concluded that the genotypes selected based on these two indices could be used as genetic resources in future drought-tolerance breeding programs. The selection firstly based on the geometric mean and by following that, taking into account the grain yield in drought conditions would be suggested for efficient selection for resistance to drought in wheat.
