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Öğe Effect of calcium based fertilization on dried fig (Ficus carica L. cv. Sari{dotless}lop) yield and quality(2008) Irget M.E.; Aksoy U.; Okur B.; Ongun A.R.; Tepecik M.Fig tree mainly spread in regions where Mediterranean climate prevails can be grown over a wide range of soils without any significant deficiency or toxicity symptoms of plant nutrients. Surveys revealed that, however, quality is highly affected by nutrition especially N, K and Ca in fig production for commercial drying. This research work was initiated based on few studies performed on fertilization of fig. The experiment was performed between 2000 and 2002 in three fig orchards of cv. Sari{dotless}lop (syn. Calimyrna) in Aydi{dotless}n-Turkey. Trees received seven types of fertilization as (i) untreated control; (ii) NPK (430 g N, 200 g P2O5 and 430 g K2O per tree); (iii) NPK + 70 g Ca; (iv) NPK + 140 g Ca; (v) NPK + 280 g Ca; (vi) NPK + 420 g Ca and (vii) N + 420 g Ca, Ca(NO3)2 used as the Ca source. Tested fertilizer applications showed significant differences in respect to yield and quality of fig. Basic NPK fertilization with additional 280 g Ca treatment increased overall quality by reducing the number of fruit with ostiole-end crack and sunscald. Results showed that applied fertilizers exerted significantly in reduction of cull ratio and could alleviate the negative impact of yearly drought conditions. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe The effect of nitrogen sources on yield and quality of salad rocket grown in different months of the year(2011) Tuncay O.; Eşiyok D.; Yagmur B.; Okur B.The effects of months of the year and nitrogen (N) sources on salad rocket (Eruca sativa Mill.) yield, quality, and nitrate accumulation was investigated during the years 2002 and 2003. In both years, seeds were sown on the first day of April, May, June, July, August and September. Three different nitrogen sources were used: farmyard (cattle) manure (100 tonnes·ha-1), calcium nitrate [Ca(NO3)2]-15.5% N (150 kg N·ha-1) and ammonium sulfate [(NH4)2SO4)]-21% N (150 kg N·ha-1). Yield, leaf color, dry matter, vitamin C and total glucosinolate content and nitrate accumulation was assessed. Growing months affected all the assessed parameters significantly both years, with the exception of hue angle in 2003, whereas nitrogen source only influenced yield and nitrate accumulation in 2003. In both years the highest yield was obtained in April, but vitamin C and total glucosinolate contents were higher during summer months, and leaves were slightly darker colored. Chemical fertilizers increased the yield compared to farmyard manure; however, they also increased nitrate accumulation slightly, without any significant difference between them. Nitrate accumulation never exceeded 300 mg kg-1 fresh weight (FW), which is well below the acceptable daily intake of 3.7 mg nitrate per kg-1 bodyweight set by European Commission's Scientific Committee on Food. © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.Öğe THE EFFECT OF NITROGEN, MAGNESIUM, AND IRON APPLICATIONS ON THE NUTRIENT CONTENT OF PARSLEY (Petroselinum crispum)(Faculty of Agriculture in Osijek, 2022) Yağmur B.; Okur B.; Okur N.The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of different rates of N, Mg, and Fe applications on the mineral content of parsley leaves. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse according to the randomized plot design with three replicati-ons. Seven N, Mg, and Fe dose treatments were designed as 130, 160, 190, 220, 250, 280 and 310 kg per ha N as ammonium nitrate (33% N), 40, 80, 120, 160, 200, 240 and 280 kg per ha Mg as magnesium sulfate (16% MgO) and 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48 and 56 Fe kg per ha as ferrous sulfate (20% Fe). The treatments did not significantly affect the phosphorus concentrations in parsley leaves. The nitrogen uptake of the plant increased in all three element applications, and the highest N, K, and Ca values were determined in nitrogen fertilizer applications. The nitrate amount in the leaves also increased depending on the increasing N rates. The results indicate that the most effective fertilizer in the nutrition of parsley is nitrogen fertilizers and nitrogen doses up to 310 kg per ha did not increase the nitrate amount in parsley above the permissible level. © 2022, Faculty of Agriculture in Osijek. All rights reserved.Öğe Effect of salt in irrigation water on some physical and chemical properties of lettuce plant and soil(2010) Yagmur B.; Aydin S.; Okur B.; Coskun A.Knowledge of salt tolerance in vegetable plants is necessary to increase productivity and profitability of crop irrigated with saline waters. This research was carried out in Celal Bayar University, Alasehir vocational school glasshouse which is in Manisa, Alasehir located in the west part of Agean region. The purpose of the experiment is to determine salinity effects on some chemical and physical properties of lettuce plant and soil and some vegetative growth parameter of plant which is irrigated with water having different concentrations of salt (NaCl). The experiment was established in a randomized block design with four replications. Salinity levels are in five levels as 0-4-8-12-16 dSm -1 EC. Depending on increasing salt concentration m irrigation water, from the soil saturation extract values, especially Na + from cations and Cl - from anions which are dominant compared to others (K +, Mg 2+, SO 4 2-, HCC 3 -) and also increase of total soluble salt values have caused some negativeness in plant production. Different EC levels in irrigation water showed an important effect on K + and Na + content of soil and only Na + content of plant. Highest values were generally obtained at 4 dSm -1 EC for lettuce plant vegetative growing parameters such as dry and fresh head weight, head length and leaf number per plant. However, the increase in salt content of water (> 4 dSm -1 EC) affected negatively these vegetative growing parameters.Öğe The fertility and some heavy metal contents of vineyard plantations in salihli district of the Aegean region [Ege bölgesi salihli İlçesi bağ plantasyonlarının verimlilik durumları ve Ağır metal İçerikleri](Namik Kemal University - Agricultural Faculty, 2018) Yağmur B.; Okur B.The purpose of this study was to determine the nutritional conditions and some heavy metal contents of vineyard plantations in Salihli district of the Aegean Region. In this context, ten vineyard plantations were selected from the distinct and leaf samples and soil samples from two different depths were taken. According to the results; the study soils have alkaline reaction, light texture (0-30 and 30-60 cm depths), moderate total salt content and fairly low organic matter content. Lime content of the soils changed between normal and high levels. The study soils were nitrogen (N) in low and very low levels, phosphorus (P) in low level and potassium (K) in very low and moderate levels. The contents of iron (Fe), copper (Cu) and manganese (Mn) of soils were good and sufficient levels but zinc (Zn) was detected as deficit in general. It was determined that there was no pollution for heavy metals in both soil depths. The contents of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn) and manganese (Mn) of leaf samples were sufficient, but potassium (K) content changed deficient and sufficient levels. The contents of iron (Fe) and copper (Cu) of vineyard leaves were high and very high, respectively. It was found that there was no pollution for the cadmium (Cd), chrome (Cr) and cobalt (Co) elements in vineyard leaves. © 2017 Namik Kemal University - Agricultural Faculty. All Rights Reserved.Öğe Learning induces changes in the central cholinergic system of the rat in a sexually dimorphic pattern(1992) Pögün Ş.; Demirgören S.; Kutay F.Z.; Okur B.The involvement of the central cholinergic system in learning and the possible sexual dimorphism in related brain responses were investigated. Rats were exposed to different environmental conditions and to active avoidance learning. The resulting changes were studied using the following approaches: muscarinic receptor binding (MRB), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and choline acetyltransferase (CAT) activities. The statistical evaluation of the data reveal that learning induces changes, especially in the postsynaptic component of the central cholinergic system, which shows some sexual dimorphism, and that males and females respond with different levels of increased cholinergic activity to informal and associative learning. © 1992.Öğe Quality parameters of vineyard irrigation water in a semi-arid region: The Plain of Alasehir, Turkey(Parlar Scientific Publications, 2014) Yagmur B.; Aydin S.; Okur B.; Coban H.; Simsek H.Production of seedless raisins is extremely important in Aegean Region in Turkey. The Plain of Alasehir in province of Manisa in Aegean Region is extremely important for seedless raisin production since 25% of the seedless raisin has been grown in this area. The irrigation water samples were collected from 13 different water distribution locations in the Plain of Alasehir. Results showed that pH and EC (electrical conductivity) values were in a reasonable range except EC levels from two locations were slightly high. The vineyard irrigation water in the region was classified as type of C3S1. It was suggested that, the salt content might be monitored continuously since salinity might increase in the soil through the end of the irrigation season. The most common cations were Ca++ and Mg++, and anion was HCO3\ Trace elements and heavy metals were under the risk limits except Mn was high in three locations. Boron was high in nine sampling locations. Overall, irrigation waters in the Plain of Alasehir were suitable for vineyard irrigation as long as the contents of boron and salinity were continuously monitored. © by PSP.Öğe Response of satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.) trees budded on trifoliate orange (P. trifoliata) to salinity due to seawater intrusion(International Society for Horticultural Science, 2002) Can H.Z.; Aksoy U.; Anaç S.; Kukul Y.S.; Okur B.The research aimed at assessing the level of sea water intrusion as well as its impact on productivity of Satsuma trees. Salinity parameters of irrigation water and soil, physiological parameters as photosynthesis and transpiration rates, relative water content, and stomatal density and fruit yield were determined. Most of the sampling was carried out prior to and during the period of irrigation in summer and during harvest. Among the analysed parameters, transpiration (E), photosynthesis (A) and water use efficiency (WUE=A/E), leaf area, stomatal density and relative water content (RWC), were found to be highly correlated and representing the case. The yield was reduced drastically towards the sea line with increasing salinity. All the determined salinity parameters proved to exert cumulative adverse effect on yield and tree vigour. The unit gas exchange capacity of the leaf was reduced parallel to the decreases in leaf area and stomatal density.Öğe Restoration of Saline Soils for Sustainable Crop Production(wiley, 2023) Okur B.; Örçen N.; Okur N.In view of rapidly increasing human population and demand for diverse food items crop production must increase substantially if food security is to be ensured. At the same time, arable land and good-quality irrigation water resources are being depleted at faster rate particularly in the arid, semi-arid, and tropical regions. Over the years the salinization of soil and water has steadily increased due to various causes. Agricultural salinity and sodicity of soils and irrigation waters are a very important environmental problem in the arid and semi-arid regions of the world. Soil salinity is considered one of the most agricultural problems affecting the productivity of many agricultural crops, with negative effects on germination, plant vigor, and yields. Salt stress is a major problem happening in almost all the world recently. For sustainable agriculture and crop production, saline soils can be improved by growing salt-resistant crops, washing with quality water and drainage, plowing the salt-affected area deeply and mixing the lower and upper soil layers together, applying minerals some organic and other inorganic improving materials to the soil. Another modern method is crop-growing with salt-friendly crops and inoculating of soil halo-tolerant plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria. All these practices will bring salt-affected soils to a position where we can make sustainable production. Nutritional status of these soils can be improved by applying fertilizers, growing leguminous crops, green manuring, employing zero tillage practices, and crop rotation, etc. By adopting these strategies, degraded soils can be restored, and economic losses due to land degradation can be minimized. However, the point that should not be forgotten here is that the measures we need to take in order not to make our soils salty are more important and economically cheaper. © 2023 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
