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    Collagen content and electrophoretic analysis of type I collagen in breast skin of heterozygous naked neck and normally feathered commercial broilers
    (Scientific Technical Research Council Turkey, 1999) Bilgen, G; Oktay, G; Tokgoz, Z; Guner, G; Yalcin, S
    This study was conducted to evaluate the breast skin collagen content and electrophoretic analyses of type 1 collagen in heterozygous naked neck and normally feathered commercial chicks. A total of 72 birds from each genotype were randomly selected at 7 weeks and slaughtered. Breast skin was separated from each carcass and was analysed for collagen content and gel electrophopresis of type 1 collagen was performed. Males had significantly higher level of skin collagen content than females in both genotypes. In the naked neck chickens alpha(1), and alpha(2) bands were highly intensive than the commercial ones indicating that the collagen has become cross-linked by non-reducible covalent bands. On the other hand, normally feathered chickens had higher intensity of beta and gamma bands than the naked neck chickens.
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    Effect of season and dietary energy concentration on composition and strength of skin in naked neck fowl
    (Carfax Publishing, 1998) Yalcin, S; Bilgen, G; Oktay, G; Acikgoz, Z; Bilgili, SF
    1. Two experiments, in spring and summer, were conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary energy concentration on the composition and strength of the skin of naked neck fowl. The heterozygous naked neck birds were also compared with their normally feathered sibs under summer temperatures. 2. The average temperatures were 21.2 degrees C and 27.1 degrees C in spring and summer experiments, respectively. Three concentrations of dietary energy were fed to the birds. The diets used were: a low energy diet of 12.12 MJ ME/kg; a medium energy diet of 12.96 MJ ME/kg; and a high energy diet of 13.79 MJ ME/kg. Two protein concentration per energy treatment, 230 and 200 g/kg, respectively were used from 0 to 3 and 3 to 7 weeks of age. 3. A significant season sex interaction showed that the skin of males had higher protein and collagen and lower dry matter and fat content than that of females, when grown under summer conditions. No sex differences were present under spring conditions. 4. The differences between sexes was not significant in spring but males had stronger skin than females in summer. Neither ambient temperature nor dietary energy concentration significantly affected skin displacement of naked neck birds. 5. In comparing the naked neck and their normally feathered sibs in the summer experiment, it was found that naked neck birds had lower skin fat content and higher skin protein content than normally feathered birds.
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    The role of endothelia receptor antagonism in collar-induced intimal thickening and vascular reactivity changes in rabbits
    (Wiley, 2005) Reel, B; Ozkal, S; Islekel, H; Ozer, E; Oktay, G; Sozer, GO; Tanriverdi, S; Turkseven, S; Kerry, Z
    Intimal thickening, due to smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation, is considered to be one of the major components of vascular proliferative disorders such as atherosclerosis and restenosis. One experimental model, resulting in intimal thickening in the rabbit, involves placing a silicon collar around the carotid artery, and is used in this study. Endothelia is known to act as a strong mitogen and to stimulate smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration. We investigated the contribution of endothelia to the development of collar-induced intimal thickening and the effects of TAK-044, (5mg kg(-1) daily, s.c.), a non-selective ETA/ETB receptor antagonist, on intimal thickening and vascular reactivity changes in the collared rabbit carotid artery. Endothelia levels and the intimal cross-sectional area, as well as the ratio of intimal area to media (index), increased significantly in collared arteries as compared with those in sham-operated arteries. TAK-044 significantly inhibited intimal thickening and also decreased the index without affecting increased endothelia levels in collared arteries. Vascular reactivity changes in response to collaring produced predictable effects, such as decreased contractile responses to vasoconstrictor agents and increased sensitivity to serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT). In terms of contractile responses in this model, TAK-044, in particular, did not affect collar-induced vascular reactivity changes. These results suggest that endothelia may be involved in the pathogenesis of collar-induced intimal thickening. As an endothelia receptor antagonist, TAK-044 may potentially be beneficial in the treatment of atherosclerosis.