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    Structural and physicomechanical characteristics of leatherheads used in various percussion instruments
    (2013) Alaskan A.M.; Başaran B.; Nalbat S.
    Musical sound in percussion instruments is an energy being emited through the vibrational waves from the structural components of leatherheads which becomes unstable due to mechanical agitation. This vibration is strictly bound up with the structural and therefore physicomechanical characteristics naturally available. The study was carried out on 12 leatherheads processed for percussion instrument, the structural evaluation was practiced by optoanalytical techniques and physicomechanical characteristics such as tensile strength, elongation (%), elasticity modulus, hardness (Shore A and D) and apparent density were examined in order to find out the resistance and behaviors against the mechanical effects like stretching, tuning and playing. According to the results; the leatherheads used for percussion instruments making were found to be much more tightly and compact structured, and also have high apparent density as compared to the leathers processed for garments, shoe uppers and leather goods. As consequences of compactly packed structure, for the same comparison, the leatherheads were found to have different mechanical behavior, being more resistant and having harder handle but indicating lower elongation (%).
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    A study of the realistic strength of leather: True stress
    (2012) Başaran B.; Nalbat S.
    Strength deals with the durability of materials during usage and therefore is an important criterion for performance evaluation. Leather goods, which continue to be preferred by many over artificial substitutes, need to exhibit durable material performance. Strength testing, as related to an understanding of the endurance against force, is an important component of overall material behavior. Therefore, tensile testing should be well developed so as to analyze the properties of finished leathers and acquire realistic practical data. This study deals, in detail, with the evaluation of tensile properties considering the differences between engineering stress and true stress. In this examination of tensile behaviors three groups of garment leathers with different finishes (aniline, semi-aniline, and full pigmented finishes) were used. The samples were evaluated comparing engineering stress and true stress. In a Completely Randomized Design study, the statistical differences were calculated by the Duncan test in the level of P?0.05. Thereby, statistically significant differences between engineering stress and true stress between each of the three groups was verified.