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    Characterization of leather industry wastes
    (Hard, 2007) Ozgunay, H.; Colak, S.; Mutlu, M. M.; Akyuz, F.
    In this research samples from solid wastes coming out from various process steps during manufacturing of garment sheep skins, shoe upper goat skins, shoe upper hides and sole leathers have been collected. These samples have been classified among themselves and their characteristics have been determined by various chemical analysis. By characterization of solid wastes which state problems for the environment and costs for treatment; data have been obtained which can be used for new management and evaluation methods.
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    DETERMINATION OF METAL LOAD AND EXTRACTABLE AMOUNTS IN LEATHERS DYED WITH METAL-COMPLEX DYES
    (Amer Leather Chemists Assoc, 2009) Mutlu, M. M.
    Heavy metals represent a major environmental problem in many industries and they may cause potential danger to human health when they are present in/on leather and textiile and exposed long term contact with them in sweaty condition. The aim of this work was to determine the amount of metal ions in leathers dyed with 1: 1 metal-complex dyes and their extractable amounts by artificial sweat solution. Measurements were done by using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). Total metal loads in leather samples were found between It 5 and ;1860 (min.-max. in mg/kg). Results in extraction solutions samples were found to be 0 to 6.55 (min.-max. in mg/L). The results obtained from the Study were compared with the Oeko-Tex Standard limits and discussed.
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    Interaction between socio-demographic characteristics: Traffic rule violations and traffic crash history for young drivers
    (Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2014) Alver, Y.; Demirel, M. C.; Mutlu, M. M.
    Young drivers' high traffic violation involvement rate and significant contribution to traffic crashes compared to older drivers creates the need for detailed analyses of factors affecting young drivers' behaviors. This study is based on survey data collected from 2,057 18-29 year old young adults. Data were collected via face-to-face questionnaire surveys in four different cities in Turkey. The main objective of this study is to identify the relationship between socio-demographic characteristics, traffic rule violations, and traffic crashes among young drivers. Four main traffic rule violations are examined: red light violations, seat belt violations, speeding, and driving under the influence of alcohol, which are decisive in determining driving behavior and traffic crashes. The survey investigates the socio-demographic characteristics, traffic rule violation behavior and traffic crash histories of young adults. Four hypothetical scenarios were prepared for each traffic rule violation and data from the scenarios were modeled using the ordered probit model. Significant variables affecting each traffic rule violation are stated. Finally, significant variables that interact with crash involvements were investigated with binary logit models. According to the data analysis, 23.9% of drivers stated that they were involved in at least one traffic crash within the last three years. This crash rate increases to 38.3% for those who received at least one traffic citation/violation in last three years and peaks to 47.4% for those who were fined for seat belt violations in last three years. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    OZONE AS A BIOCIDE IN SOAKING
    (Soc Leather Technol Chemists, 2009) Mutlu, M. M.; Cadirci, B. H.; Ozgunay, H.; Adiguzel, A. C.; Sari, O.
    The soaking process poses the most significant bacterial threat to the raw material amongst all the beamhouse processes. In soaking various bactericides are used in order to avoid possible defects, these chemicals which are lethal to bacteria may also be harmful to the environment and human health. As an alternative to these chemical based bactericides, the possible use of ozone - which is used as an antimicrobial agent in various industries - in the leather industry is investigated. The effect of ozone applications of 5, 10 and 15 minutes per hour were investigated comparing it to the effect of a sodium dimethyl dithiocarbamide based bactericide. 15 minutes of ozone application has been found to be the most effective on bacterial growth prevention.