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Öğe An application of the new environmental paradigm to determining environmental attitudes of farmers: The case of Izmir, Torbali [Yeni çevresel paradigma ölçegiyle çiftçilerin çevre tutumunun belirlenmesi: İzmir İli Torbali i·lçesi örnegi](2008) Günden C.; Miran B.The aim of this study is to determine the environmental attitudes and sensitivity levels of the farmers in Torbali district by the New Environmental Paradigm. thirteen expressions are provided to the farmers and the their agreement degrees are obtained using likert scale. The environmental attitude of the farmers in the district is calculated as 3,62. The result shows that the farmers consider natural environment moderately. Factor analysis is used for the variables of the new environmental paradigm to determine the environmental attitudes of the farmers in the same groups. Four different groups were elicited regarding the environmental attitudes as "ecological balance", "environment and living things", "natural resources" and "nature". Factor analysis scores were used in the cluster analysis which refers to three different groups. 49,5 of the farmers were named as "sensitive", 21,5% "moderate" and 29% "less sensitive". Two different models were estimated for discerning the effects of the factors on the environmental attitudes. The more the farmers are educated, the more sensitive attitudes they have. Furthermore, the farmers having more land are more sensitive to the environment. Risk lover farmers are less sensitive to the environment.Öğe Competitiveness of mediterranean countries in the olive oil market(2010) Türkekul B.; Günden C.; Abay C.; Miran B.This study employs constant market share analysis to determine the competitiveness of Turkey, Spain, Italy, Greece and Tunisia, i.e. the world's primary olive oil producers, in markets in the USA, Australia, Canada, Brazil and Japan in the periods 2000-2004 and 2005-2008. The analysis shows that during the periods covered, Tunisia was the most competitive in the target markets. All countries showed decreased competitiveness during the periods analyzed. In the same period, although Greek export to target markets has increased, the competitiveness of Greece was adversely affected due to a decrease in its market share. The success in achieving sustainable and permanent international competitiveness in the olive oil market depends on production, organization and trade policies. Especially for Turkey, export strategies that consider the consumer demands and expectations in the destination markets should be developed. Finally, Turkey should introduce a new image for its national production.Öğe Consumer awareness for food safety in Turkey(2011) Bektas Z.K.; Miran B.; Uysal O.K.; Gunden C.The main objective of this study is to determine the level of consumer awareness about food safety in Izmir, one of the biggest provinces in Turkey. The data is obtained from a survey of 385 consumers in Izmir, between April-2004 and February-2005. According to probit models, high income and education as well as the presence of elderly individuals in the house increase the probability of having knowledge on food safety. Likewise, probability of married consumers with knowledge about food safety and high level of education, of being affected by food scandals is high. It is concluded that, increased awareness of food safety pass through informative campaigns targeting especially low- and middle-income groups and masses with low education levels, and through endeavours of improving the levels of education and welfare.Öğe Consumer preferences and willingness to pay for Country of origin labeled product in Istanbul(Greek Association of Agricultural Economists, 2015) Zulug A.; Miran B.; Tsakiridou E.Consumers' interest in locally produced foods is growing over the last years. Thus, studying consumers' preferences for local foods and understanding the underlying causes of this demand increase and willingness to buy local food products could be conducive to further development of local food markets. Country-of-origin labeling (COOL) is being implemented in different forms and degrees in Turkey and other countries across the world. In this study we focused on two different COOL food products from Turkey, namely Ayvalik olive oil and Ezine cheese. A survey was undertaken in the area of Istanbul aimed at studying consumer preferences for those products compared to their conventional counterparts. The willingness to pay equation has been specified as a two-step decision process, taking into account the results obtained from the two consecutive questions, willingness to pay a premium and how much consumers are willing to pay. If the decision will be consuming COOL product, different demand models (Heckmann models) were estimated. For these products, for that purpose, different price sets were defined to the consumers to evaluate how much they will pay extra. In conclusion we found out that, consumers are aware of those products and willing to pay a price premium. For Ayvalik Olive oil they are willing to pay 82 percentages more than conventional alternatives. For Ezine Cheese they are willing to pay a premium almost 4 times up to conventional cheese products.Öğe Consumer preferences for purchase places of organic fruits and vegetables in Turkey(WFL Publisher Ltd., 2010) Günden C.; Türkekul B.; Miran B.; Abay C.; Akgüngör S.The major aim of this study was to measure the preferences of Turkish consumers regarding places to purchase organic fruits and vegetables. The study also explored the factors influencing the degree of consumer preferences. The data were obtained from a survey of 803 randomly selected consumers from the five most developed regions of Turkey (Marmara, Central Anatolia, Aegean, Mediterranean and Black Sea), as well as the five most developed cities (Istanbul, Ankara, Izmir, Adana and Bolu) within the defined geographic regions. This study took place in two stages. In the first stage, fuzzy pair-wise comparison (FPC) was applied to calculate a measure of preferences. Five types of venues for the purchase of organic fruits and vegetables, local market, greengrocers, supermarkets/hypermarkets, web-based retailers (the internet) and specialized stores were suggested to consumers. The purchase places were ranked from most to least preferable depending on preference measures obtained from FPC. The results show that the most important venues for the purchase of these items are local markets and supermarkets/hypermarkets. The existing marketing channel via specialized stores is not a convenient marketing approach for Turkish consumers. The consumer preferences from the first stage were regressed upon the consumer-specific variables by using a Tobit model in the second stage. Preferences regarding places to purchase organic fruits and vegetables are mainly influenced by gender, age, education, income, family size, frequency of purchasing organic fruits and vegetables and regional differences. Policy makers dealing with agricultural marketing should consider differences in consumer preferences among regions and economical and demographic attributes of consumers for determining an efficient marketing channel.Öğe Consumer Willingness to Pay for Food Safety Labels in Urban Turkey: A Case Study of Pesticide Residues in Tomatoes(2001) Akgüngör S.; Miran B.; Abay C.The paper investigates the Turkish consumers' willingness to pay for a label which guarantees that pesticide residues in tomatoes do not cause health problems. Tomatoes are a widely purchased food item in urban Turkey. By focusing on tomato purchases and pesticide residues only, we were able to investigate realistic consumer choices related to safety labels across a diverse set of consumers. Modified market method was used to estimate the willingness to pay for a label. To elicit tomato purchasing behaviour under alternative prices and residue scenarios, a survey was conducted with 1,005 randomly selected urban households. A tobit model was used to estimate the demand shift due to the presence of a label. To determine the variables that affect the probability of purchasing the labelled food, a probit model was estimated. The results indicate that the willingness to pay for a label is determined by the individual's perceived health risk reduction due to purchasing labelled produce. © 2001 by The Haworth Press, Inc. All rights reserved.Öğe Consumer willingness to pay for organic food in urban Turkey(2010) Akgüngör S.; Miran B.; Abay C.The objective is to explore the Turkish consumers' perceptions regarding food safety and the trade-offs they make between chemical residues and cosmetic quality in fresh fruit and vegetables. The data is obtained through consumer focus groups and consumer surveys with a representative sample of Turkish urban population. Higher income and educated individuals show more interest and have more knowledge of organic products. The choice depends on consumers perception of nutritional value and health risk. We find that consumers do not perceive that organic products have higher prices than conventional counterparts. Consumer willingness to pay for products with organic labels and certified products is up to 36%. © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.Öğe Determining the farmer demand for olive oil premium support: The case of Izmir, Turkey(2009) Artukoglu M.M.; Miran B.The contribution is aimed at the research testing the reflection of olive oil premium support on farmers on the case of Izmir, in Aegean Region which is an important production area. The findings point out that small farms benefit less from the premium applications. The Probit and Heckman analysis showed that new policies directed at the small farms are required. In this context, different levels of premium for small farms should be paid, some inputs should be provided, and small producers should be assisted in marketing especially by promoting the farmers through co-operatives. Extension works organized for small farmers may have an informative and incentive role on the premium applications. Tax exemptions and crop aids are also appropriate tools for the small farmers to get more premiums.Öğe The effect of mad cow (BSE) scare on beef demand and sales loss: The case of İzmir(2005) Miran B.; Akgüngör S.This paper investigates the effect of the BSE scare on beef consumption due to the intense media coverage. Using monthly data, a beef demand model for January 1995-February 1997 period is estimated for İzmir Province. Beef sales dropped immediately after the media coverage on BSE in April 1996 and continued through June 1996 when the intense media coverage stopped. The econometric model reveals that beef sales in İzmir would have been 36.4% higher if the BSE crisis never occurred. The annual individual willingness to pay is $0.5224 per year to avoid consuming BSE contaminated meat. © TÜBİTAK.Öğe Evaluating the factors of transition in organic cotton production for farmers: Case of Salihli, Turkey(2009) Artukoglu M.M.; Tarkan E.; Gencler F.; Miran B.In this study, organic cotton production and the factors of transition in organic cotton production are discussed via probit model. Conventional farmers' decisions are mostly effected by "desiring more income". However in this study, apart from "desiring more income" issue, the other factors are also evaluated. A survey conducted to 25 organic and 25 conventional cotton farmers in Salihli, Turkey. The differences between organic and conventional cotton farmers' are examined and some suggestions are given to encourage organic cotton production.Öğe An exploratory study on the perception of air, water, soil, visual and general pollution [Hava, su, toprak, görüntü ve genel çevre kirliliği Algısı üzerine bir araştırma](Cevkor Vakfi, 2016) Cankurt M.; Akpinar A.; Miran B.Environmental issue has attracted attentions as one of the most important issues of the last century. This problem is a phenomena that threats to sustainable life. Effective solution of this issue depends on conscious and awareness of people about environmental matters. The main purpose of this study is to determine the level of awareness and attitudes to environmental issues in Turkey. The analysis was made to see the effects of age, gender, education and revenue on the awareness and attitudes to environmental pollution. Data were collected from 7 regions and 25 cities via personal interview (2138). Water, air, soil, visual and general pollutions are the criteria on which awareness and attitudes were evaluated in the study. Air and water pollutions appear more significant than the others. It is determined that the media is the best way of disseminating the information regarding environmental education more efficiently. According to the LogitRegressions model, education and income were effective individual factors on awareness of environmental pollution. The most influential factor on environmental awareness is to take environmental education from school. © 2015 Cevkor Vakfi. All rights reserved.Öğe Farmers' preferences for organic milk production in Izmir, Turkey(2010) Koyubenbe N.; Miran B.; Konca Y.; Yaylak E.; Uzmay A.; Candemir M.This study was conducted to determine farmers' preference for organic milk production and the factors influencing the degree of farmer preferences in Turkey. The data were obtained from a survey of 96 farmers in Izmir, Turkey. The study was conducted using a two-stage methodology. First, fuzzy pair-wise comparison was applied to calculate the degree of preference. Five important factors were hypothesized to affect the transition to organic milk production; the producers were asked to make pair-wise comparisons among these factors. The reasons for farmers' preferences were then determined using a seemingly unrelated regression. The results showed that the most important factors for producers are health of consumer and guarantee of sale. Preferences for these factors are mainly influenced by producers' level of education and farm size. © 2010 Academic Journals Inc.Öğe Fattening costs of beef breeds reared under controlled conditions and the determination of optimum fattening period [Kontrollü koşullarda yetiştirilen sigir irklarinda besi maliyetleri ve en karli besi dönemlerinin belirlenmesi](2009) Şahin A.; Miran B.; Yildirim I.; Önenç A.; Alçiçek A.The primary purpose of this study was to calculate the fattening costs of different cattle breeds reared under controlled conditions and to determine the optimal fattening period that will maximize the net profit. The data were from 21 bullocks consisting of 7 Holstein, 7 Piedmont × Holstein, and 7 Limousin × Holstein cross-breed cattle reared and fattened in the closed tie-stall experiment barns of the Aegean Agricultural Research Institute, Turkey. The data used for the analysis were from the year 1999, but were updated for 2007. The fattening period lasted 280 days, after a rearing period of 195 days. The average live weight, costs of 1 kg live weight, yield ratio, and net profit per animal at the end of fattening period were 510.86 kg, YTL 3.65, 57.36%, and YTL 462.33, respectively. The Limousin breed yielded the highest net profit. The optimal fattening period was 5 months. Net profit increased by 21.67%, while the costs of 1 kg live weight decreased by 13.97% at optimal fattening relative to the fattening period in the application. Live weight, yield ratio, meat price, gross production value, production costs, and net profit per animal differed significantly among the Holstein, Piedmont, and Limousin breeds. The results indicated clearly that the optimal fattening period (5 months) yielded much more net profit in comparison with the fattening period in the application. It appears possible to arrange different plans for different cattle breeds. © TÜBİTAK.Öğe Identifying homogeneous locations for more efficient agricultural and environmental policies: The case of Ege Region [Daha etkin tarim-çevre politikalari i·çin homojen alanlarin belirlenmesi: Ege Bölgesi örnegi](Cevkor Vakfi, 2008) Şahin A.; Atiş E.; Miran B.Success in agricultural and environmental policies is closely related to spatial homogeneity. Identifying homogenous provinces based on their agricultural and environmental characteristics in Aegean region is a prerequisite for a successful policy. The purpose of this study is to classify the cities of Ege Region into similar groups with respect to their agricultural and environmental characteristics by means of Multi Dimensional Scaling Method (MDS) and Cluster Analysis. Two and three dimensional MDS positioned the cities from middle to high sufficiency levels. The 12 cities in the region were found to have different agricultural and environmental characteristics. Particularly the two provinces, Mugla and Afyon, are the ones that are significantly different from the other provinces. It is recommended that these two provinces should be taken into consideration separately.Öğe Optimal planning of central biogas plants and evaluation of their environmental impacts: A case study from Tire, Izmir, Turkey [Merkezi biyogaz tesislerinin optimal planlamasi{dotless} ve çevresel etkilerinin degerlendirilmesi: İzmir-Tire Yöresi Örnegi](2011) Unal H.B.; Yilmaz H.I.; Miran B.Recently, the practice, reclaiming the manure resulting from animal wastes, has been gaining ground with biomass energy systems in large-capacity central biogas plants. These plants enable the use of a renewable source of energy in an efficient way and make a significant contribution to the sustainability in the environment. This study was performed on a total of 929 dairy farms which were members of a cooperative in 43 villages in Tire, in the Izmir province, in Turkey. The aim of the study was to estimate the methane emissions through manure management applications, to plan the optimum capacity and location for plants to produce biogas from the manure, and to evaluate the environmental effects of biogas production. An emission factor of 2.05 kg head-1 year-1, and methane gas emission value of 0.036 Gg year-1, were estimated for local conditions. An optimization model was developed to minimize plant investment and manure transport costs for optimum biogas production. The model was chosen to include the approximate total of 1600 tonnes day-1 produced in the area. A 400-tonne day-1 capacity biogas plant was planned for each of the 4 villages and it was determined that 35.106 m3 year-1 of biogas could be produced. It was calculated that total plant investment would be $9.497.680 and manure transport costs would be $432.525 per year. This biomass-energy conversion would also provide socio-economic benefits to the area, and help to form a clean environment by preventing methane gas emissions from animal production.Öğe Profit maximization of cattle fattening breed based on characteristics of producers: An application of game theory(2008) Şahm A.; Miran B.; Yildirim I.; Önenç A.The major purpose of this study was to determine the cattle fattening breed which maximizes the net profit for the producers under risks and uncertainties based on different characteristics of producers. The monthly data of 21 bullocks consisted of 7 Holstein, 7 PiedmonxHolstain and 7 LimuzinxHolstein cross-breed cattle fattened in closed tie-stall experiment barns of Aegean Agricultural Research Institute, Izmk, Turkey were used in the study. The games were constructed based on the net profit per cattle obtained in the 5th month of fattening where the highest total profit was obtained. Maximaks, WaId, Regret, Hurwicz, Utility and Laplace Criterions of Game Theory were used. The Maximaks, Regret, Hurwics and Laplace Criterions showed that the best breed was Limuzin for the producers in terms of net profit per cattle. According, the results of Wald and Utility Criterions of Game Theory, the optimal breed was Piedmont. Holstein breed was not compatible with any criterions used in this study. Since, the highest net profit per cattle ($ 588.33) is obtained from Limuzin breed by applying Maximaks Criterion, we strongly recommend this breed for optimistic producers. However, the characteristics of producers will determine which criterion to apply to choose the best breed. © Medwell Journals, 2008.Öğe Supplier selection through fuzzy pair-wise comparison method: A case study for Turkish clothing companies [Bulanik mantik yöntemiyle en iyi tedarikçi seçimi sorunu: Türkiye'deki hazir giyim firmalarina yönelik bir uygulama çalişmasi](Chamber of Textile Engineers, 2014) Ofluoğlu P.; Miran B.In today's competition strategy, selecting the most proper supplier is one of the success factors of companies. Supplier selection and associations with suppliers generate the most important decision problems of companies. Because of this importance, great numbers of companies coming from different sectors both in Turkey and in the rest of the world cooperate with suppliers by assigning their processes partially to them or cooperate with suppliers providing the most proper inputs in order to minimize their costs and these companies target to offer fast and high quality solutions to their customers by benefiting the expertise of their suppliers. At this point, selecting the right supplier which is expected to satisfy the demands of companies and their customers emerges as an important issue. The objective of this paper is comprehending the criteria hierarchy and the priority considered as base for selecting the suppliers and maintaining the relations with the existing suppliers. For that purpose, the priority of supplier selection criteria, which is assigned by the companies, is tried to be determined by using fuzzy pair-wise comparison.
