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    An Analysis on Some Reciprocal Pear Hybridization Combinations in Terms of Transferring Resistance to Fire Blight
    (Springer, 2020) Evrenosoglu, Yasemin; Mertoglu, Kerem; Bilgin, Nihal Acarsoy; Misirli, Adalet; Altay, Yasin
    Since it has a wide variety, pear can be grown in all temperate zones and high-altitude areas of tropical and subtropical climates of the Earth. on the other hand, most of the cultured pear varieties are susceptible to fire blight caused by Erwinia amylovora, and their susceptibility is threatening pear cultivation. the lack of a certain solution to fire blight, the harmful effects of the chemicals on environment and human health and the increasing demand for organic products, give priority to breeding new resistant rootstocks and varieties in control of the disease. Due to the polygenic nature of fire blight resistance and the complexity of its mechanism, controlled hybridization is generally used in breeding programs. in order to determine the effect of the parents for the transmission of fire blight resistance, hybridizations are also carried out reciprocally. in the study which was carried out for this aim, susceptibility levels of the F1 hybrids, obtained from the reciprocal combinations of fire blight resistant 'Kieffer' and the susceptible 'Williams', 'Santa Maria' and 'Akca' cultivars, were evaluated. While 'Kieffer' x 'Santa Maria' was found the most resistant combination to fire blight, 'Akca' x 'Williams' was found as the most susceptible one. in addition, it has been determined that F-1 hybrids obtained from 'Kieffer' x 'Santa Maria' and 'Akca' x 'Williams' hybridization combinations and their reciprocals are different in terms of disease resistance, while there was no difference in resistance in F-1 hybrids of 'Williams' x 'Santa Maria' combination and its reciprocal combination.
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    Inheritance pattern of fire blight resistance in pear
    (Elsevier Science Bv, 2019) Evrenosoglu, Yasemin; Mertoglu, Kerem; Bilgin, Nihal Acarsoy; Misirli, Adalet; Ozsoy, Abdullah Nuri
    Fire blight caused by Erwinia amylovora is a serious disease that directly affects pear agriculture and production around the world. The most effective way to struggle with disease is develop new varieties and rootstocks. In this study, for a better understanding of the genetic base of fire blight such as heritability of disease resistance, breeding values of parents and maternal effect were investigated on F-1 hybrid pear population. According to results, disease resistance shows polygenic inheritance and multiple factors were effective in heredity. Resistance to disease is transmitted to next generations by both parents. However, the influence of the female parent on inheritance is much greater than pollinator. 'Magness' and 'Mustafa Bey' varieties were found more effective for the transmission of disease resistance as female parents to next progenies. Similar results were obtained from 'Kiefer' and 'Limon' as pollinator. In addition to the importance of the parents exclusively in disease resistance, gene interactions between the parents also had a significant effect on this matter. Heritability of fire blight that was calculated from the non-additive genes was 23%, likewise 32% was calculated from additive genes. Broad sense heritability of fire blight, representing the sum of this two situations was 55%. Maternal gene effects were greater than the pollinator and maternal effect had a 7% effect on the disease resistance, indicating that the cytoplasmic gene effects had important roles in the resistance. Obtained results will form basis for the development of new varieties that become resistant to fire blight by hybridization.