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    The antibacterial effect of heavy metal and cetylpridinium-exchanged montmorillonites
    (Elsevier Science Bv, 2010) Ozdemir, Guenseli; Limoncu, Mine Hosgoer; Yapar, Saadet
    The antibacterial effects of Cu2+-, Zn2+-, Ag+-, Ag-0- and cetylpridinium-exchanged montmorillonites were tested on Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 strains which are highly resistant to antibiotics and cause severe infections in hospitalized patients. The exchange reactions were carried out using heavy metal and cetylpridinium (CP) cations in amounts that are equal to or less than the amounts required forming a monolayer on montmorillonite surface. The amounts required for the monolayer formation were determined by conducting batch adsorption experiments. The antibacterial activity of the samples was detected by the disk diffusion method. Cu2+-, Ag+-exchanged and Ag-0-covered montmorillonites had a good antibacterial effect against P. aeruginosa and S. aureus as did the Zn2+-exchanged montmorillonite against S. aureus. However, the CP-exchanged montmorillonite was ineffective for both of the bacterial species. Thus, the heavy metal exchanged montmorillonites could be used in pharmaceutical applications, personal care products, in the decontamination of P. aeruginosa reservoirs in hospitals, and also in aqueous based cleaning agents and liquid and bar soaps. Zn2+-exchanged montmorillonite has potentiality to be used as a low cost substitution to silver for applications against S. aureus. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    IN VITRO ACTIVITY OF LINEZOLID/ERTAPENEM COMBINATION IN RESISTANT GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIA
    (Ankara Microbiology Soc, 2009) Erac, Bayri; Tasli, Hueseyin; Ermertcan, Safak; Cilli, Feriha; Limoncu, Mine Hosgoer
    The increasing prevalence of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus infections has become a major therapeutic challenge and alternative therapy options are under consideration. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial activity of linezolid combined with ertapenem against two vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREF), two methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and two methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE) strains isolated from clinical specimens. In vitro activity of linezolid/ertapenem combination at 112 x MIC (minimal Inhibitory Concentration), 1 x MIC and 4 x MIC concentrations for each of the isolates was determined by time-kill curve method. At 1 x MIC and 4 x MIC concentrations, additive effect was detected for MRSA (at 6 and 24 h) and VREF (at 6 h) strains. Synergism was observed between two antibiotics at 4 x MIC concentration against one of the MRSE strains at 6(th) hour. Additive effect was determined at 6(th) and 24(th) hours in this strain at 1 x MIC concentration. No synergism was present in the other MRSE strain but additive interaction was detected at 6 h (1/2 x MIC) and 24 h (1 x MIC). Although these results support the use of linezolid/ertapenem combination in infections caused by resistant gram-positive strains, further in vitro and in vivo studies are necessary.