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    Electrochemical sensors and biosensors using laser-derived graphene: A comprehensive review
    (Elsevier Advanced Technology, 2020) Lahcen, Abdellatif Ait; Rauf, Sakandar; Beduk, Tutku; Durmus, Ceren; Aljedaibi, Abdulrahman; Timur, Suna; Salama, Khaled N.
    Laser-derived graphene (LDG) technology is gaining attention as a promising material for the development of novel electrochemical sensors and biosensors. Compared to established methods for graphene synthesis, LDG provides many advantages such as cost-effectiveness, fast electron mobility, mask-free, green synthesis, good electrical conductivity, porosity, mechanical stability, and large surface area. This review discusses, in a critical way, recent advancements in this field. First, we focused on the fabrication and doping of LDG platforms using different strategies. Next, the techniques for the modification of LDG sensors using nanomaterials, conducting polymers, biological and artificial receptors are presented. We then discussed the advances achieved for various LDG sensing and biosensing schemes and their applications in the fields of environmental monitoring, food safety, and clinical diagnosis. Finally, the drawbacks and limitations of LDG based electrochemical biosensors are addressed, and future trends are also highlighted.
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    Metal-Organic Frameworks Meet Molecularly Imprinted Polymers: Insights and Prospects for Sensor Applications
    (Amer Chemical Soc, 2022) Lahcen, Abdellatif Ait; Surya, Sandeep G.; Beduk, Tutku; Vijjapu, Mani Teja; Lamaoui, Abderrahman; Durmus, Ceren; Timur, Suna
    The use of porous materials as the core for synthesizing molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) adds significant value to the resulting sensing system. This review covers in detail the current progress and achievements regarding the synergistic combination of MIPs and porous materials, namely metal/covalent-organic frameworks (MOFs/COFs), including the application of such frameworks in the development of upgraded sensor platforms. The different processes involved in the synthesis of MOF/COF-MIPs are outlined, along with their intrinsic properties. Special attention is paid to debriefing the impact of the morphological changes that occur through the synergistic combination compared to those that occur due to the individual entities. Thereafter, the strategies used for building the sensors, as well as the transduction modes, are overviewed and discussed. This is followed by a full description of research advances for various types of MOF/COF-MIP-based (bio)sensors and their applications in the fields of environmental monitoring, food safety, and pharmaceutical analysis. Finally, the challenges/drawbacks, as well as the prospects of this research field, are discussed in detail.
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    Metal-Organic Frameworks Meet Molecularly Imprinted Polymers: Insights and Prospects for Sensor Applications
    (Amer Chemical Soc, 2022) Lahcen, Abdellatif Ait; Surya, Sandeep G.; Bedük, Tutku; Vijjapu, Mani Teja; Lamaoui, Abderrahman; Durmus, Ceren; Timur, Suna
    The use of porous materials as the core for synthesizing molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) adds significant value to the resulting sensing system. This review covers in detail the current progress and achievements regarding the synergistic combination of MIPs and porous materials, namely metal/covalent-organic frameworks (MOFs/COFs), including the application of such frameworks in the development of upgraded sensor platforms. The different processes involved in the synthesis of MOF/COF-MIPs are outlined, along with their intrinsic properties. Special attention is paid to debriefing the impact of the morphological changes that occur through the synergistic combination compared to those that occur due to the individual entities. Thereafter, the strategies used for building the sensors, as well as the transduction modes, are overviewed and discussed. This is followed by a full description of research advances for various types of MOF/COF-MIP-based (bio)sensors and their applications in the fields of environmental monitoring, food safety, and pharmaceutical analysis. Finally, the challenges/drawbacks, as well as the prospects of this research field, are discussed in detail.
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    Metal-Organic Frameworks Meet Molecularly Imprinted Polymers: Insights and Prospects for Sensor Applications [Review]
    (Amer Chemical Soc, 2022) Lahcen, Abdellatif Ait; Surya, Sandeep G.; Beduk, Tutku; Vijjapu, Mani Teja; Lamaoui, Abderrahman; Durmus, Ceren; Timur, Suna
    The use of porous materials as the core for synthesizing molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) adds significant value to the resulting sensing system. This review covers in detail the current progress and achievements regarding the synergistic combination of MIPs and porous materials, namely metal/covalent-organic frameworks (MOFs/COFs), including the application of such frameworks in the development of upgraded sensor platforms. The different processes involved in the synthesis of MOF/COF-MIPs are outlined, along with their intrinsic properties. Special attention is paid to debriefing the impact of the morphological changes that occur through the synergistic combination compared to those that occur due to the individual entities. Thereafter, the strategies used for building the sensors, as well as the transduction modes, are overviewed and discussed. This is followed by a full description of research advances for various types of MOF/COF-MIP-based (bio)sensors and their applications in the fields of environmental monitoring, food safety, and pharmaceutical analysis. Finally, the challenges/drawbacks, as well as the prospects of this research field, are discussed in detail.
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    Multiplexed aptasensor for detection of acute myocardial infraction (AMI) biomarkers
    (Royal Soc Chemistry, 2024) Beduk, Duygu; Beduk, Tutku; Lahcen, Abdellatif Ait; Mani, Veerappan; Celik, Emine Guler; Iskenderoglu, Gamze; Demirci, Ferhat
    Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a leading global cause of death. Diagnosis is challenging as cardiac biomarkers are only detectable for a few hours after AMI onset, and current methods are time-consuming and lack selectivity. Therefore, multiple immunological test systems have great importance for rapid and accurate diagnosis. In this context, we developed a rapid immunodiagnostic sensor platform for simultaneous electrochemical detection of cardiac troponin T (cTnT), troponin I (cTnI), and C-reactive protein (CRP) using nanostructured gold-modified laser-scribed graphene (LSG). Aptamer sensors were integrated into the LSG platform for selective AMI biomarkers sensing. Clinical validation was performed on biomarkers from blood samples of 51 AMI patients and 9 healthy controls. Limits of detection were 1.65 ng mL-1 cTnT, 2.58 ng mL-1 cTnI, and 1.84 ng mL-1 CRP. The analytical results determined by the developed platform were compared with the routine standard values of the same patients to prove the accuracy of aptasensors. Sensor results agreed well with standard laboratory assays, highlighting the accuracy of the test platform. The cTnT, cTnI and CRP multiplexed sensor platform demonstrates excellent performance for rapid and sensitive AMI screening. Schematic illustration of the developed aptasensor for multiplex detection of AMI biomarkers.
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    Smart Multiplex Point-of-Care Platform for Simultaneous Drug Monitoring
    (Amer Chemical Soc, 2023) Bedük, Duygu; Beduk, Tutku; de Oliveira Filho, Josei Ilton; Lahcen, Abdellatif Ait; Aldemir, Ebru; Güler Çelik, Emine; Salama, Khaled Nabil
    Recently, illicit drug use has become more widespreadand is linkedto problems with crime and public health. These drugs disrupt consciousness,affecting perceptions and feelings. Combining stimulants and depressantsto suppress the effect of drugs has become the most common reasonfor drug overdose deaths. On-site platforms for illicit-drug detectionhave gained an important role in dealing, without any excess equipment,long process, and training, with drug abuse and drug trafficking.Consequently, the development of rapid, sensitive, noninvasive, andreliable multiplex drug-detecting platforms has become a major necessity.In this study, a multiplex laser-scribed graphene (LSG) sensing platformwith one counter, one reference, and three working electrodes wasdeveloped for rapid and sensitive electrochemical detection of amphetamine(AMP), cocaine (COC), and benzodiazepine (BZD) simultaneously in salivasamples. The multidetection sensing system was combined with a custom-madepotentiostat to achieve a complete point-of-care (POC) platform. Smartphoneintegration was achieved by a customized application to operate, display,and send data. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first multiplexLSG-based electrochemical platform designed for illicit-drug detectionwith a custom-made potentiostat device to build a complete POC platform.Each working electrode was optimized with standard solutions of AMP,COC, and BZD in the concentration range of 1.0 pg/mL-500 ng/mL.The detection limit of each illicit drug was calculated as 4.3 ng/mLfor AMP, 9.7 ng/mL for BZD, and 9.0 ng/mL for COC. Healthy and MET(methamphetamine) patient saliva samples were used for the clinicalstudy. The multiplex LSG sensor was able to detect target analytesin real saliva samples successfully. This multiplex detection deviceserves the role of a practical and affordable alternative to conventionaldrug-detection methods by combining multiple drug detections in oneportable platform.