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Öğe Appearent Digestibility of Plant Protein Based Diets by European Sea Bass Dicentrarchus labrax L., 1758(Central Fisheries Research Inst, 2011) Altan, Ozgur; Korkut, Ali YildirimCommercial culture of carnivorous fish demands the reduction of environmental impact of feeds; that requires minimal use of dietary animal protein. This study investigated the digestibility of diets formulated exclusively out of plant protein, added rendered ingredients and feed attractants, by the carnivore European sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax. Juvenile European sea bass (14.0 +/- 1.0 cm) conditioned to accept artificial dry feed were stocked in polypropylene cages and fed ad libitum in three daily meals, seven experimental diets containing varying levels of vegetable and animal protein sources, added of different feed stimulants. After last daily meal, cages were transferred to cylindrical conical-bottomed, 200 L aquaria, where faeces were collected by sedimentation into refrigerated containers, preserved and later analysed for chemical composition. Soybean meal can be used as partial substitute of animal protein in diets for European sea bass; the poultry by-product meal shows as a good option as animal protein source in these rations. Control treatment -50PP:50AP- yielded best performances; the requirement for the use of fish meal in the formulation for carnivorous diets is, at least, questionable. Results of the digestibility trials demonstrated the importance of determining the diet digestibility, if precision in the formulation of least-cost feeds for carnivorous fish is the ultimate goal.Öğe The Effect of Dietary Lipid on the Growth Performance of Meagre (Argyrosomus regius Asso, 1801).(Israeli Journal Of Aquaculture-Bamidgeh, 2016) Korkut, Ali Yildirim; Sert, Sait Cenk; Kop, Aysun; Gamsiz, Kutsal; Karahan, BilgeThe aim of the study was to investigate the effects of dietary lipid on the growth and feed utilization of Meagre (Argyrosomus regius Asso, 1801), taking into account their feeding behavior of collecting food from the bottom of the cages. The fish (141.07 +/- 0.5g, average weight +/- SD; 22.18 +/- 0.53 cm, average total length +/- SD) were fed three isonitrogenous experimental diets (45% crude protein, dry matter) containing 16% (group A), 18% (group B), and 20% (group C) crude lipids for 570 days. The fish were stocked into 9 net cages (16 m diameter; 7 m deep) at a density of 16000 fish per cage with 2 replications. At the end of the experiment fish in the A, B, and C groups reached 1054.59 +/- 5.9, 1026.32 +/- 4.3, 955.31 +/- 2.3 mean live weight (g) and 45.78 +/- 1.6, 44.43 +/- 1.4, 43.88 +/- 1.4 mean total length (cm) respectively. FCR and CF values were 1.99, 2.07, 2.14 and 1.999, 1.131, 1.170 respectively for each group, at the end of the study. VSI, HIS, and GSI values were also calculated. Growth rate in fish from group A (fed the lowest lipid diet) was superior to the other dietary groups. Cross sections of their liver were checked and were found to have less lipidosis.Öğe The effect of feeds containing different protein levels on growth and survival rates of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L., 1758) juveniles grown in freshwater(Ege Univ, Fac Fisheries, 2023) Gamsiz, Kutsal; Korkut, Ali Yildirim; Kop, AysunIn this study, the effect of the use of feeds containing different protein ratios on the growth performance of juvenile sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L., 1758) reared in freshwater was investigated. Sea bass fry with an average body weight of 1.0 +/- 0.03 g were stocked in 120 liter tanks in triplicate after their adaptation to freshwater. The feeds used in the study had different protein/similar fat content. Accordingly, the experimental groups were named as 45CP (45% CP / 18% CF), 50CP (50% CP / 18% CF) and 55CP (55% CP / 18% CF). At the end of the experiment, the highest body weight gain was 5.84 +/- 0.03 g in the 55CP group, while the other groups were 5.73 +/- 0.09 g (45CP) and 5.8 +/- 0.08 g (50CP). SGR rates were similar for all three groups and there was no statistical difference between the groups (P>0.05). SGR values of the groups were calculated as 1.94 +/- 0.04 (45CP), 1.89 +/- 0.01 (50CP), 1.91 +/- 0.02 (55CP), respectively. There was no statistical difference between the 45CP and 55CP groups, while the 50CP group showed a statistically lower FCR rate than the other groups (P<0.05). FCR values were calculated as 1.36 +/- 0.05, 1.29 +/- 0.03, 1.37 +/- 0.04, respectively. There was no difference between the survival rates of the groups. According to the results of the study, it was concluded that sea bass fish can be raised in freshwater, especially in the fry stage, and that it is more effective than the commercial feeds currently used.Öğe The effects of different light intensities on early life development of sharpsnout seabream (Diplodus puntazzo, Cetti, 1777) larvae(Scientific Technical Research Council Turkey-Tubitak, 2006) Korkut, Ali Yildirim; Saka, Sahin; Firat, KursatThe effect of different levels of illumination in the early life development stage of sharpsnout seabream (Diplodus puntazzo) larvae was examined. It was determined that illumination affected the relationships between total length and digestive tube length, total length and oil globule volume, and total length and yolk sac volume. The difference in the development of total length of the larvae kept in the dark and in other lighting conditions (30-450 1x) was significant (P < 0.05); however, it was determined that digestive tube development, yolk sac utilisation, and oil globule absorption differences of the larvae were not significant (P > 0.05). As for the covariance test, while the relationship between total length and oil globule volume was not significantly (P > 0.05) different between Group A (dark) and Group B (30 Ix), it was significantly (P < 0.05) different between Group A (dark) and Group C (450 Ix), and Group B (30 Ix) and Group C (450 Ix). Additionally, the relationship between total length and yolk sac volume was significantly different (P < 0.05) between Group A (dark) and Group B (30 Ix), Group A (dark) and Group C (450 Ix), and Group B (30 Ix) and Group C (450 Ix) (P < 0.05). However, the relationship between total length and digestive tube length was not significantly different (P > 0.05) between Group A (dark) and Group B (30 Ix), Group A (dark) and Group C (450 Ix), or Group B (30 Ix) and Group C (450 Ix). Survival rate was not significantly different among the 3 experimental groups (P > 0.05).Öğe The effects of different starch levels on the physical quality of high-oil extruded fish feed(Ege Univ, Fac Fisheries, 2024) Soker, Pinar Demir; Kop, Aysun; Korkut, Ali YildirimIn this study, the effects of different starch levels (5%, 8% and 11%) on the physical properties of extruded fish feeds with high oil content (22%) were investigated. For this purpose, 3 types of extruded trout feed with different starch levels (S5, S8 and S11) were produced. Physical (moisture, feed diameter, bulk density and pellet durability) and chemical (lipid, starch, water absorption index, water solubility index and water stability) analyses of these feeds were performed in 3 repetitions on the samples taken from the extruder outlet, lubrication outlet and sieve outlet. An increase in the amount of starch in the feed caused an increase in feed diameter and durability of the pellets, while a decrease in bulk density was observed. According to the results of the chemical analysis, it was seen that the increase in the starch ratio had no effect on the crude oil and water solubility index values, the best water absorption index value was in the S8 feed, and the water stability values decreased from S5 to S11.Öğe General Evaluation of Fish Feed Production in Turkey(Central Fisheries Research Inst, 2017) Korkut, Ali Yildirim; Kop, Aysun; Saygi, Hulya; Goktepe, Cagdas; Yedek, Yusuf; Kalkan, TugceThe importance of aquaculture sector is increasingly enhanced due to decrease in natural fish stocks, increasing nutritional requirements and qualified protein need. In parallel with the rise, and becoming an important value, of aquaculturesector, significant developments have occurred in fish feed production as well. It is a fact that the most important cost elements within aquaculture are feeds and usage costs of the feeds and these are effective as much as 70% in production. Substantial and great developments are observed for fish feed production industry and thus raw material, additives, feed machine manufacturers and suppliers recently. With this study, it was detected that there were 28 fish feed production plants in to 8 mounts, that generally extruder feed production technology was used and that majority of production systems were imported. It was recorded that fish feed production plants produced 355.387 tons of feed as from 2013. It was observed that 85% of feed production was regionally in Aegean Region and concordantly, supplier companies were centered in this region. This study can be recommended in terms of being an important source for academic and private sector employees studying and working in fish feed production and fish feeding subjects.Öğe Impact of probiotic Bacillus sp. dietary supplementation on pancreatic and intestinal activities in seabream Sparus aurata(Oxford University Press, 2024) Yildirim, Sukru; Suzer, Cuneyt; Firat, Kursat; Saka, Sahin; Hekimoglu, Muge; Coban, Deniz; Korkut, Ali Yildirim; Kose, Ibrahim; Antepli, Onurkan; Gokvardar, AlizeThe main objective of this study was to investigate the effects of commercial probiotic Bacillus sp. supplementation on seabream Sparus aurata larviculture under culture conditions. In this context, Bacillus was supplemented via rotifer feeding and water and its effects on pancreatic and intestinal enzyme activities as well as aquaculture parameters were evaluated during early life development. In the experimental group, as probiotic three Bacillus sp. spores were introduced via rotifer and larval culture tanks, while the larvae in control group did not feed any probiotic supplementation. At the end of the experiment on 40 days after hatching, the probiotic-supplemented group exhibited better growth performance and there were statistically differences in between groups of probiotic-treated and control regarding growth parameters (P < 0.01), despite insignificant survival rate (P > 0.05). In terms of enzymatic expressions, S. aurata larvae receiving probiotic supplementation through rotifers demonstrated noteworthy (P < 0.05) enhancements in specific activities of pancreatic and intestinal enzymes, except for amylase (P > 0.05), when compared to the control group. It is concluded that the administration of Bacillus sp. as probiotic bacteria through rotifer supplementation and water intake demonstrates significant positive impacts on both growth parameters and specific activities of main pancreatic and intestinal enzymes of seabream larvae.Öğe Length-weight relationship and condition factor as an indicator of growth and feeding intensity of Sea bream (Sparus aurata L, 1758) given feed with different protein contents(Agricultural Research Communication Centre, 2019) Kop, Aysun; Korkut, Ali Yildirim; Gurkan, SuleThe aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the length-weight and the condition factor of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L., 1758) fed with three types of feed with different levels of crude protein (A: 38% Crude Protein (CP) and 18% Crude Lipid (CL); B: 42% CP and 18% CL; and C: 45% CP and 18% CL). The length-weight relationship of the fish in groups A, B and C was determined as W=0.051* TL2.63, W=0.046* TL2.67 and W=0.046* TL2.68 respectively and there was no statistically significant difference between the groups (p>0.05). There was negative allometric growth in all experimental groups. The lowest mean value in the groups according to Fulton's condition factor (CF) was found in group B (1.66 +/- 0.17), and the highest mean value was found in group C (1.71 +/- 0.18). It was determined that there was no statistically significant difference between the groups (p>0.05).Öğe PRELIMINARY STUDY FOR UTILIZATION OF SOME INVASIVE AQUATIC PLANTS AS RAW MATERIAL FOR AQUACULTURE FEEDS(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2016) Korkut, Ali Yildirim; Gunes, Asli; Kop, Aysun; Cakar, Handan; Akat, Ozlem; Guney, Mehmet Aydin; Ozkul, Burak; Koru, Edis; Suzer, Cuneyt; Cirik, Semra; Firat, Kursat; Saka, Sahin; Goktepe, CagdasThe aquaculture industry in Turkey has been grown up for twenty years and reached to two hundred and thirty five thousand tonnes per year (2014) production capacity. Commonly cultured species need to the mixed feeds which contain many raw materials inside. Proximately %80 of these raw materials is exported and this is also a problem for national economy. The main protein source in mixed feed is fish meal. Because of limited natural resource the usage of fish meal will be in danger in the future. As an alternative to fish meal, aquatic plants (especially freshwater species) can be used in fish feeds after some processes. However with their water purification capacity, they have an invasive character which has an eutrophication threat for environment and water resources. For minimize their harmful effects, some combat methods (mechanic, biological, etc) are indispensable. But after harvesting methods, the plant wastes may cause environmental problems also. In this study, some of invasive aquatic plants that commonly found in the inland waters of Turkey; Eichornia crassipes, Cyperus alternifolius, Lemna minor, Pistia stratiotes, Typha latifolia, Nasturtium officinale have been examined to be utilized as a raw material in fish feed possibilities for imparting to the economy after the harvest in order to prevent environmental damage they cause. With biochemical analysis of these plants, fatty acid ratios and structures are investigated as raw materials possibilities for fish feeding. In addition, thus plants and their wastes were been integrated into the economy and intended for the protection of environmental sustainability. In this study, the availability of feed ingredients of aquatic plant commonly found around Turkey were investigated. Also this study is first research on fish feed raw materials from inland plants.
