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Öğe Effect of cumin essential oil on intestinal morphology of broilers reared in a free-range system(Verlag Eugen Ulmer, 2023) Özdoğan, M.; Kirkpinar, F.; Tuzun, A.E.; Açikgöz, Z.; Mert, S.The relationships between small intestine morphological values and body weight gain of slow-growing broilers with cumin essential oil (CEO) added to their diets at different levels and raised in a free-range system were investigated. A total of 450 slow-growing, 1-day-old chicks were used. The animals were divided into three groups and fed with 0 ppm (control group), 200 ppm (C200 group), or 400 ppm (C400 group) CEO added to their feed for 70 days. According to the results of the morphological analysis, while diets with CEO decreased the villus and crypt dimensions in the duodenum and ileum, they decreased only villus dimensions and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth in the jejunum. The morphological parameters of the small intestine showed positive correlations with each other in all groups and were found to be statistically significant. However, differences were observed in the correlations between body weight gain and morphological intestinal parameters. Body weight gain, villus width, and crypt depth in the control group were positively correlated, while the same traits tended to show negatively correlations in the C200 and C400 groups, but not in a statistically significant manner. It was concluded that 200 and 400 ppm CEO added to the feed of slow-growing broilers raised in a free-range system have a suppressive effect on the morphological parameters of the small intestine and, according to correlation analyse, it has a slowing effect on body weight gain. © 2023, Verlag Eugen Ulmer. All rights reserved.Öğe Effects of dietary ascorbic acid on performance, carcass composition and bone characteristics of turkeys during high summer temperature(Asian-Australasian Assoc Animal Production Soc, 2008) Konca, Y.; Kirkpinar, F.; Yaylak, E.; Mert, S.Heat stress is major welfare problem in the poultry industry. Huge economic losses occur every year because of mortality and decreased production due to high environmental temperatures. This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of level of inclusion of ascorbic acid supplementation to the diet on performance, carcass composition and bone characteristics of male turkeys during high summer temperature. A total of 120 day-old turkey chicks were wing banded at hatch and randomly distributed into 3 treatment groups. Three diets were formulated to provide a similar nutrient profile with the exception of using three graded levels of ascorbic acid, namely 0, 150 and 300 mg/kg of the diet. The experimental diets were used from 0 to 18 weeks of age. Body weights, feed intake and feed conversion ratio, slaughter weight, carcass yield, portions, composition and thigh and breast pigmentation of the turkeys were not affected by ascorbic acid (p>0.05). Also, shank and tibia bone characteristics were not affected by ascorbic (p>0.05).Öğe Effects of Dietary Ascorbic Acid Supplementation on Growth Performance, Carcass, Bone Quality and Blood Parameters in Broilers During Natural Summer Temperature(Academic Journals Inc, 2009) Konca, Y.; Kirkpinar, F.; Mert, S.; Yurtseven, S.This experiment was conducted to determine dietary supplementation of ascorbic acid (ASA) on the performance, carcass, bone traits and, some serum indices of broilers. A total of 180 day-old chicks were distributed into 3 treatment groups with 6 replicate containing 10 chicks each. The experimental diets were: (1) control, no dietary ASA supplementation (ASAO), (2) dietary ASA supplementation 150 mg kg(-1) (ASA 150) of diet and (3) 300 mg kg(-1) of diet (ASA300). The experiment was lasted up to 42 days of age. Dietary ASA did not affect body weight and gain and feed conversion ratio but quadratically changed daily feed intake of broilers at 21-42 and 0-42 days of age (p < 0.05). The carcass and parts yields, dry matter, crude protein and pH of meat and bone traits were not affected (p > 0.05) but crude fat and thigh meat colour were linearly changed (p < 0.05) by the dietary supplement. Dietary ASA supplementation quadratically changed the serum alanine aminotransferase and linearly decreased aspartate amino transferase (p < 0.05) but did not affect other serum constituents. To conclude, dietary ASA supplementation have some beneficial effects on broiler meat composition and colour and serum AST and ALT levels during natural summer temperature.Öğe Effects of dietary oregano and garlic essential oils on carcass characteristics, meat composition, colour, pH and sensory quality of broiler meat(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2014) Kirkpinar, F.; Unlu, H. B.; Serdaroglu, M.; Turp, G. Y.1. An experiment was conducted to determine the individual and combined effects of two essential oils, oregano and garlic, on carcass characteristics, meat composition, colour, pH and sensory quality of broiler meat. 2. The diets were supplemented with no essential oil (control), oregano essential oil or garlic essential oil at 300 mg/kg and oregano essential oil at 150 mg/kg + garlic essential oil at 150 mg/kg. 3. Dietary oregano and garlic oil supplementation did not affect carcass yields, the relative weight of carcass parts, breast and thigh meat composition, pH or b* value of breast meat. Oregano + garlic oil supplementation significantly decreased the L* value. The a* value of breast meat in birds given a diet supplemented with oregano oil was lower than that in birds given a diet supplemented with garlic oil and oregano oil + garlic oil. The essential oil addition had no positive effect on the oxidative stability. There was no difference between the treatments in breast appearance. 4. The juiciness, flavour, oxidised flavour and acceptability of breast meat samples were affected by treatments.Öğe Effects of mixed or separate feeding with whole barley or triticale on growth performance, gastrointestinal system, nutrient digestibility and blood constituents in turkeys(Ecole Nationale Veterinaire Toulouse, 2012) Konca, Y.; Kirkpinar, F.; Mert, S.; Atac, C.This study was conducted to investigate the effects of feeding with whole barley and triticale (unground) either through a mixed or separate feeding on the growth performance, gastrointestinal system, nutrient digestibility, and blood constituents in turkeys. A total of 150 four-week-old Hybrid female turkey poults randomly allotted in 5 equal groups were fed for 14 weeks with age adapted basal diets (control group), with whole barley or triticale mixed to diets (groups BM and TM, respectively) or given in a separate feeder (groups BS and TS, respectively). Growth parameters (body weights and weight gains) mainly during the last 6 weeks were significantly increased in the TS group and were coupled to a slight improvement of the food efficiency. In parallel, ileal viscosity was significantly depressed in this group and associated with slight increases in digestibility of organic matter and crude fat. Whole barley mixed to the basal diets or given separately has induced no significant effects on growth, intestinal pH and viscosity and nutrient digestibility, but the absolute and relative colon weights were markedly enhanced in birds fed with barley mixed to basal diets. Although plasma concentrations of lipoproteins and cholesterol tended to increase in birds fed with barley or triticale, no significant change was evidenced on blood biochemistry. These results show that barley and particularly triticale may be added separately to the basal ration without negatively impacting growth and digestion performances in turkeys, therefore offering some economical advantages.Öğe Nutritional evaluation of the agro-industrial by-products and waste fruits - vegetable for sustainable ruminant nutrition(Hellenic Veterinary Medical Soc, 2022) Unlu, H. B.; Kirkpinar, F.; Ozdogan, M.The growing consumption of ruminant animal products gives rise to a huge demand of animal feed in growing countries.By-product feeds, waste fruits-vegetables, and crop residues should be considered as a valuable alternative feed resource in ruminant nutrition. This wastecan be reutilized and converted by ruminants to valuable products for human benefits as a new resource and in return to increase the effectiveness of limited feed sources. But, there are limited new information and research regarding the nutritive value of this waste for ruminants. For this purpose, the experiment was conducted to evaluate the nutritional potential of some agro-industrial by-products, waste fruits-vegetable, and crop residue for ruminants specifically. Fourteen by-products, waste fruits-vegetable and crop residue were collected from the west part regions of Turkey. Nineby-product feeds (whole cottonseed, rice bran, soybean hull, apple pomade, citrus pulp, grape pomade, tomato pomade, grape stalk, rice hull), three waste fruits (dry grape, dry fig, carrot), one waste vegetable (potato) and also one crop residue (cornstalk) were analyzed for nutritional composition and metabolizable energy values were calculated by crude nutrients for ruminants. Further, energy, DMD, and OMD of these samples were investigated by using the cellulose enzyme method. All samples were analyzed the macro minerals (Ca, P, Na, K, and Mg) and the microelements (Fe, Cu, Mn, and Zn) contents. In the research, all samples regarding the parameters in DM, ash, OM, CP, EE, CF, NFE, NSC, NDF, ADF, starch, sugar, Ca, P, Na, K, Mg, Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, DMD, OMD, ME CN, and ME CEL were different (P<0.05). Thestudy showed that the waste fruits, vegetable, and by-products have valuable sugar (grape, fig, and carrot), starch (potato, rice bran), NSC (citrus pulp), and oil (cottonseed) content that is the main compounds making them high energetic feeds for ruminants. Also, most of these research materials have enough or much more macro and micro mineral concentrations for ruminant nutrition.Öğe Performance, intestinal microflora, and blood constituents in finishing turkeys fed diets supplemented with dietary mannan oligosaccharide and live yeast(Kielanowski Inst Animal Physiology Nutrition, 2009) Konca, Y.; Kirkpinar, F.; Mert, S.; Kayhan, B.This study was designed to evaluate the effects of dietary mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) in finishing turkeys' diets on performance, intestinal microflora, duodenal viscosity and pH, and blood constituents. A total of seventy-two, Big6, 10-week-old, male poults were divided into three dietary treatments and eight replicate pens per treatment. Treatments including the following: 1. basal diet (control - C, no additive), 2. addition of MOS 1 g per kg basal diet, and 3. SC 1 g per kg (strain SC47, 300 x 10(10) CFU/kg) basal diet. The treatments did not affect body weight, duodenal viscosity, and pH. The daily feed intake (P<0.01) and feed conversion ratio (P<0.05) in the MOS group were higher than those of the control and SC groups. The ileum total bacteria, gram negative bacteria and E. coli counts in the SC group were lower than those of the control and MOS groups (P<0.05). The serum triacylglycerols, cholesterol, HDL, LDL, glucose, total protein, albumin, globulin, and creatine concentration of turkey toms were not influenced by the dietary MOS and SC supplementation (P>0.05).Öğe Sustainability strategies in poultry nutrition(Ege Universitesi, 2022) Kirkpinar, F.; Atan, H.Sustainability in animal production is defined as meeting society's current food needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their food needs. Poultry production is more environmentally friendly in comparison with other fields in animal production, however; its impacts on the environment such as greenhouse gases, eutrophication, and acidification should not be overlooked. In poultry production chain, feed production and transportation constitute 70% of global warming potential, whereas manure management constitutes 40-60% of eutrophication and acidification potential. Some feeding strategies are developed in sustainable poultry production to reduce the effects of feed production and nutrient excretion. Making compound feed by means of "Life Cycle Assessment" using alternative protein sources and using hydroponic farming models to reduce the impact of feed production enable environmentally friendly and sustainable production. The environmental impact of manure management can be improved by reducing the crude protein level of diets, adding crude fiber, regulating the digestive system and increasing nutrient digestibility. In this review, sustainability strategies in poultry nutrition; the relationship with effects of feed production, reduction of nutrient excretion and improved system will be discussed. © 2022 Journal of Agriculture Faculty of Ege University. All right reserved.
