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    Characterising the diversity of aubergine landraces in Turkey
    (International Society for Horticultural Science, 2022) Kir, A.; Cetinel, B.; Cetinkaya, N.; Conroy, J.; Schmutz, U.
    For sustainable organic production, many growers and consumers consider non-replicable, F1/hybrid seeds to be contentious inputs. In contrast, locally adapted, disease resistant and disease tolerant organic seeds, preferably bred from landraces are viewed more favourably. The in situ conservation of landraces and a wide, diverse and well-described pool of plant genetic resources for breeding is seen as important and this has gained increased interest from organic producers in recent years. Therefore, this paper describes the survey, collection, morphological characterisation and disease resistance (Alternaria solani) of aubergine (Solanum melongena L., also called Brinjal eggplant) landraces across Turkey. Landraces of aubergine were surveyed and collected from all over the country and conserved ex situ in the Seed Gene Bank of Ankara in central Turkey. A minimum set of 11 important morphological and agronomic traits of ECPGR (European Cooparetive Programme for Plant Genetic Resources), IPBGR (The International Plant Board of Plant Genetic Resources) and UPOV (The International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants) descriptors were used in clustering for PCA (principle component analysis) and accessions were tested for disease resistance to Alternaria solani. Results showed that, a) a high diversity of at least 65 aubergine landraces exists in Turkey. Five main principle components accounted for 78.6% of the total PCA variability, and b) 14 accessions of the total 65 aubergine landraces are resistant to Alternaria solani. We conclude that the characterised set of landraces can be a valuable resource for organic aubergine breeding programmes, and may contribute to the phase-out of other contentious inputs in organic farming such as copper fungicides. We also conclude that both a high diversity, but also similarities exist among aubergine landrace accessions in Turkey. Further research on potential disease resistance and molecular characterisation is needed to better integrate landrace diversity and disease resistance into organic food and farming systems. © 2022 International Society for Horticultural Science. All rights reserved.
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    The effect of different compost applications under organic management of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) production in Turkey
    (Int Soc Horticultural Science, 2020) Kir, A.; Tepecik, M.
    In order to increase organic tomato production under open field conditions, a rotation program was carried out between 2011 and 2016 for five years on an organically managed experimental open-field of the Aegean Agricultural Research Institute (AARI), Izmir, Turkey under Mediterranean climatic conditions, within the framework of regulations of EU and Turkey. Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) was produced as preceding crop of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) on the same plots and the research was designed to study the effects of composted plant residues (C), farmyard manure (FYM), and two different certified commercial organic composts (CCC1 and CCC2) on tomato total yield and some agro-morphological properties and soil characteristics. Results showed that (1) the organic materials can be composted and used as soil conditioners. The compost could be produced as on-farm and applied in tomato production to increase farmers' profit, (2) enhancing soil physical parameters, (3) organic tomato consumption is microbiologically safe and (4) high quality can be attained. The results showed that tomato total yields in all applications reached to 90 ton ha(-1) which is declared as the mean yield in the certificate of the tomato variety (Lycopersicon esculentum L. 'SC2121') used in the experiment. Locally adapted varieties of crops and using Original Grade seed could be the key factors to achieve desired yield and quality under organic tomato cultivation.
  • Küçük Resim Yok
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    The effect of different compost applications under organic management of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) production in Turkey
    (International Society for Horticultural Science, 2020) Kir, A.; Tepecik, M.
    In order to increase organic tomato production under open field conditions, a rotation program was carried out between 2011 and 2016 for five years on an organically managed experimental open-field of the Aegean Agricultural Research Institute (AARI), Izmir, Turkey under Mediterranean climatic conditions, within the framework of regulations of EU and Turkey. Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) was produced as preceding crop of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) on the same plots and the research was designed to study the effects of composted plant residues (C), farmyard manure (FYM), and two different certified commercial organic composts (CCC1 and CCC2) on tomato total yield and some agro-morphological properties and soil characteristics. Results showed that (1) the organic materials can be composted and used as soil conditioners. The compost could be produced as on-farm and applied in tomato production to increase farmers' profit, (2) enhancing soil physical parameters, (3) organic tomato consumption is microbiologically safe and (4) high quality can be attained. The results showed that tomato total yields in all applications reached to 90 ton ha-1 which is declared as the mean yield in the certificate of the tomato variety (Lycopersicon esculentum L. 'SC2121') used in the experiment. Locally adapted varieties of crops and using “Original Grade” seed could be the key factors to achieve desired yield and quality under organic tomato cultivation. © 2020 International Society for Horticultural Science. All rights reserved.