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Öğe AGROECOLOGICAL ASPECT OF OLIVE CULTIVATION(Scibulcom Ltd, 2014) Esetlili, M. T.; Ozen, F.; Kurucu, Y.; Kaya, U.Olive cultivation is very common in the Aegean region of Turkey and the sloping lands of this region face with severe erosion due to intensive cultivation practices. Erosion rapidly leads to infertile lands owing to detritions of the most productive top layer of soil and removal of soil to low lands on the slope. The level of erosion in olive-plantation zones has reached to a level that threatens even the agriculture of this crop. In this study, soil loss which results from conversion of natural vegetation such as maquis and forests into olive plantation was determined by using remote sensing technique and GIS. Results of the study showed that lands which were converted into olive plantations have a soil lose of 12.159 t ha(-1) annually. If natural vegetation of the lands was protected, only 3.965 t ha(-1) year soil would be lost. This result states that every year 8.194 t ha(-1) of soil are lost because of land use changes into olive cultivation on sloppy lands. It is known that similar agricultural land use plans have been supported by government in the Aegean region, which results to huge amounts of soil loss. Also, this result shows ecological damage of soil practices causing accelerated erosion and olive cultivation without precautions against erosion.Öğe Association between total antioxidant activity and symptoms due to long-term pesticide exposure in agriculture workers(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2006) Sozmen, E. Y.; Sozmen, B.; Sagin, F. G.; Peker, S.; Kaya, U.Öğe Determination of deficit irrigation treatments on olive fruit quality and olive oil (Memecik cv.) chemical composition and antioxidant properties(Innovhub Ssi-Area Ssog, 2019) Sevim, D.; Koseoglu, O.; Gungor, F. Ozturk; Kaya, U.; Kadiroglu, P.; Mengu, G. Pamuk; Akkuzu, E.In this research, the influences of irrigation treatments (K1, K2, K3, K4, K5) on chemical properties, antioxidant compounds and activities of table olive and olive oils (Memecik) were investigated during three crop seasons (2012/13, 2013/14 and 2014/15). The three least irrigated (K3, K4 and K5) and non -irrigated (K1) regimes indicated that higher content of polyphenols of olive fruits were those with the most irrigated regime (K2). According to L", a* and b", results of statistical differences were determined between the treatments of K1 and K5 (P<0.05). There was no significant effect determined between irrigation treatments of the Memecik olive oil main fatty acids such as palmitic (C16:0), oleic (C18:1) and linoleic (C18:2) acid, except palmitic acid (first year) and linoleic acid (second year). When we look at the triacylglycerol (TAG) composition in the 2012/13 and 2013/14 crop seasons important statistical differences were determined between the irrigation treatments on some TAG contents (P<0.05) however these differences between irrigation treatments, although statistically significant, are very slight. During the last crop season, no significant effects were determined in the TAG composition between irrigation treatments. During the first and the second year, important statistical differences were observed between the irrigation treatments both for the total phenol content and bitterness index (K225) value of oils (P<0.05). The research showed that the K225 value of Memecik olive oils is above 0.360 value. Important differences were determined between the irrigation treatments on the alpha tocopherol content (P<0.05). DPPH' (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhy-drazyl) content (first and second year) and ABTS'+ (2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid) content (all crop seasons) were also significantly influenced by irrigation treatments due to changes in antioxidant compounds (P<0.05). Whereas all these differences, although statistically important, are very slight. In the light of the findings of this research, it was concluded that the use of the restricted irrigation regimes enabled water to be saved with very slight change in fruit and oil quality.Öğe Determination of Some Physiologic and Morphologic Changes of Young Olive (Cv Ayvalik) Trees under Different Water Stress in Coastal Part of Aegean Region(Univ Namik Kemal, 2016) Pouyafard, N.; Akkuzu, E.; Kaya, U.This research was carried out on two years old olive (cv Ayvalik) trees grown in pots at field condition in Bornova Olive Research Station, Ministry of Food Agriculture and Livestock in 2011. Some morphological and physiological response of young olive tree to drought stress under different irrigation levels were investigated. For this reason, the experiment consisted of 4 treatments: 1) Irrigated at the level of 100% of the ETa (I-100), 2) Irrigated at the level of 66% of the ETa (I-66), 3) Irrigated at the level of 33% of the ETa (I-33), 4) Non-irrigated (I-0). Some physiologic responses of plants such as chlorophyll content (SPAD), stomatal conductance (g(s)), leaf temperature and air temperature difference (T-y-T-a) and also morphologic responses of the plant the trunk diameter, plant height, shoot diameter, shoot length were investigated. Irrigation water requirement was ranged from 0 to 82.45 liters/plant and actual evapotranspiration was ranged from 10.78 to 86.11 liters/plant. There were not a statistically significant difference among the treatmentsts (except I-0) in terms of morphological parameters. In terms of chlorophyll content, statistically significant differences were not found among the treatmentsts (except I-0), however, the leaf-air temperature differences and stomatal conductance values statistically significant differences were found among the treatmentsts. Ayvalik olive, is a drought-tolerant cultivar, recommended for growing in arid or water shortage areas. However, as a proposal determining the level of water stress in olive stomatal conductance and leaf and air temperature difference measurements can be used.Öğe Effect of Deficit Irrigation Regimes on Yield and Fruit Quality of Olive Trees (cv. Memecik) on the Aegean Coast of Turkey(Wiley, 2017) Kaya, U.; Gungor, F. Ozturk; Camoglu, G.; Akkuzu, E.; Asik, S.; Koseoglu, O.In this study, six different irrigation treatments were applied to an olive orchard using the drip irrigation method. Five of these were arranged according to 25% (S-0.25), 50% (S-0.50), 75% (S-0.75), 100% (S-1.00) and 125% (S-1.25) of the evaporation in 5days of a class A' evaporation pan, and one control (S-C) was arranged so as to bring the reducing moisture at a soil depth of 0-90cm to field capacity. Yield values were not affected by the irrigation treatment (p>0.05). In contrast, 100-fruit weight, pulp ratio, hardness moisture, oil, reducing sugar content and bitterness were affected by irrigation (p<0.05). Generally, an increase in the amount of irrigation water given in the study was accompanied by a fall in ripeness index values, a rise in moisture content, and a reduction in the oil content of fruit. The highest content of reducing sugar was obtained from S-0.25, generally being lower with increase in the water applied. The findings show that application of 25% of the evaporation of a class A' evaporation pan (treatment S-0.25) can be recommended for cv. Memecik. Application of this recommendation can achieve a 72% saving in water and make a significant contribution to the conservation of limited water resources. Copyright (c) 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
