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Öğe Attribute value-range detection in identification of paraphrase sentence pairs [Es-Anlatimli Cümle Çiftlerin Belirlenmesinde Öz Nitelik Deger Araliklarinin Tespiti](Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2016) Kumova S.; Karaoglan B.; Kisla T.Identification of paraphrase sentence pairs becomes increasingly prominent in natural language processing area (e.g plagiarism detection, summarization, machine translation). In this study, it is proposed to employ information gain measure in determining the value-ranges of the paraphrase classification features on the renown paraphrase corpus of Microsoft Research (MSRP). The classification performances of value-ranges that are determined by information gain measure and an alternative heuristic method are compared by the use of Bayes classifier. The results show that the proposed method performs better than the heuristic method. © 2016 IEEE.Öğe Collocation extraction in Turkish texts using statistical methods(2010) Kumova Metin S.; Karaoglan B.Collocation is the combination of words in which words appear together more often than by chance. Since collocations are blocks of meaning, they play an important role in natural language processing applications (word sense disambiguation, part of speech tagging, machine translation, etc). In this study, a corpus of Turkish is subjected to the following statistical techniques: frequency of occurrence, mutual information and hypothesis tests. We have utilized both stemmed and surface form of corpus to explore the effect of stemming in collocation extraction. The techniques are evaluated by recall and precision measures. Chi-square hypothesis test and mutual information methods have produced better results compared to other methods on Turkish corpus. In addition, we have found that a stemmed corpus facilitates discrimination between successful and unsuccessful collocation extraction methods. © 2010 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.Öğe Combining machine translation and text similarity metrics to identify paraphrases in Turkish(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2018) Soleymanzadeh K.; Karaoglan B.; Metin S.K.; Kişla T.Paraphrase identification (PI) is to recognize whether given two sentences are restatements of each other or not. In our study we propose an approach that exploits machine translation and text similarity metrics as features for PI. Machine learning algorithms like Support Vector Machine (SVM) with three different kernels, C4.5 Decision tree and Multinomial Naïve Bayes (NB) are trained with these features. We evaluated our system on Parder, Turkish paraphrase corpus. The experimental results show that the proposed approach offers state-of-the-art results. © 2018 IEEE.Öğe Contribution of syntactic and semantic attributes in paraphrase identification [Esanlatim Tespitinde Sözdizimsel ve Anlamsal Özniteliklerin Katkisi](Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2018) Karaoglan B.; Kisla T.; Metin S.K.Automatic paraphrase identification is a natural language understanding problem where a decision is to be made whether the given sentence pairs bare similar meanings to a certain extent. Syntactic and semantic features are used to classify the sentences as paraphrase or non-paraphrase. Word overlapping, word ordering are some of the syntactic features widely used in the literature, where, similarity of words in meaning and named entity (NE) overlap are among the semantic features. Turkish, unfortunately doesn't have a useful tool like WordNet to draw the semantic relations between words as it is done for English. Here we exploit tense and polarity differences as semantic features and assess the improvement on the classification brought by these semantic features. We performed the experiments with several different combinations of features on the Turkish paraphrase corpus that is built by the researchers and report the results. © 2018 IEEE.Öğe Description of Turkish paraphrase corpus structure and generation method(Springer Verlag, 2018) Karaoglan B.; Kışla T.; Kumova Metin S.Because developing a corpus requires a long time and lots of human effort, it is desirable to make it as resourceful as possible: rich in coverage, flexible, multipurpose and expandable. Here we describe the steps we took in the development of Turkish paraphrase corpus, the factors we considered, problems we faced and how we dealt with them. Currently our corpus contains nearly 4000 sentences with the ratio of 60% paraphrase and 40% non-paraphrase sentence pairs. The sentence pairs are annotated at 5-scale: paraphrase, encapsulating, encapsulated, non-paraphrase and opposite. The corpus is formulated in a database structure integrated with Turkish dictionary. The sources we used till now are news texts from Bilcon 2005 corpus, a set of professionally translated sentence pairs from MSRP corpus, multiple Turkish translations from different languages that are involved in Tatoeba corpus and user generated paraphrases. © Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2018.Öğe Diffusion of ICT innovation in science education(IGI Global, 2009) Cavas B.; Cavas P.; Karaoglan B.; Kisla T.In this chapter, the authors first discuss how Roger's theory of innovation diffusion can be incorporated into ICTs in formal and informal learning and teaching environments. The authors begin by presenting the use of ICT in education in general terms, then they introduce Rogers' diffusion of innovation (DoI) theory and the related literature. This is followed by a description of a project which explored the relationship between some characteristics of primary science teachers and their attitudes toward the use of ICT in education. A national project was funded by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TÜBİTAK), and Ege University, Science and Technology Application and Research Center. The last section involves a discussion of the diffusion of technological innovations into science education in the light of Rogers' DoI theory. © 2010, IGI Global.Öğe The effect of part-of-speech tagging on ir performance for Turkish(2004) Taner Dinçer B.; Karaoglan B.In this paper, we experimentally evaluate the effect of the Part-of-Specch (POS) tagging on Information Retrieval performance for Turkish. We used four term-weighting schemas to index SABANCI-METU Turkish Treebank corpus. The term weighting schemas are "tf", "tf × idf", "Ltu.Itu", and "Okapi". Each weighting scheme is factored over three POS tagging cases that are namely "No POS tagging", "POS tag with no history (i.e. 1-gram)", and "POS tag with one step history (i.e. 2-gram)". The Meta-scoring function is used to analyze the effect of these nine factors on IR performance. Results show that weighting schema are significantly different from each other with a p-value of 0.04 (Friedman Non-parametric Test), but there is not enough evidence in the corpus to reject the null hypothesis that the three weighting schemas, on the average, show equal performance over the three cases of POS tagging with a p-value of 0.36. © Springer-Verlag 2004.Öğe How does e-portfolio align with new students' educational aspirations?(2011) Karaoglan B.; Kisla T.In this paper we will briefly touch distinctive characteristics of the generations known as baby boomers, generation x, generation y, and generation z; and then propose the use of e-portfolio (EP) as a learning and teaching tool and show how it aligns with the aspirations and values of the coming generation. With this respect a 7 week experiment on using EP in "Object Oriented Programming" course is run and the results of the instruments applied both before and after the experiment are analyzed to see if there is any change in the attitudes of the students towards using EP and their learning. © 2011 University of Maribor.Öğe The impact of sentence embeddings in Turkish paraphrase detection [Türkçe Eşanlatim Tespitinde Cümle Temsillerinin Etkisi](Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2019) Karaoglan B.; Yorgancioglu H.E.; Kisla T.; Kumova Metin S.In recent studies, it is shown that word embeddings achieve in several natural language processing (NLP) tasks. Though paraphrase identification in Turkish is well-studied by traditional statistical NLP methods, to the best of our knowledge there exists no study where word and/or sentence embeddings are employed. In this paper, three methods, which are well-known as 'using average vector for word embeddings' (AWE), 'concatenated vectors for word embeddings' (CWE) and 'word mover's distance word embeddings' (WMDWE) to build sentence embeddings from word embeddings are examined and their effect in performance of paraphrase identification is measured. The results are presented comparatively for English (MSRP) and Turkish (PARDER and TuPC) paraphrase corpora. The study doesn't cover the optimization of parameters used in training of word embeddings and also the features specific to Turkish langauge are not considered. Despite this naive approach, the test results obtained from PARDER corpus are inspiring that a more detailed study that involves such improvements may result with more convincing performance values. © 2019 IEEE.Öğe A practice in using E-portfolio in a higher education course taught at distance(2010) Karaoglan B.; Ertaul L.The aim of this study is to explore recent research and developments on using e-portfolios (EP) in innovative learning and instruction and to transfer an experience in using EP in a higher education course tought at distance. Computer Network Security course will be deliverd online over the Blackboard arhitecture. The course material consists of video lectures, transcripts of the videos, assignments and the syllabus. Interactions among the students and the lecturer are via email, discussion forums and EP comments. EPs will be evaluated from achievement assessment and learning support perspectives. Although creating and using EPs is a built in function in most of educational software, literature related to practices using e-portolios in e-learning in higher education is sparse.Öğe A proposal for corpus normalization [Derlem normalizasyonu için bir öneri](2013) Karaoglan B.; Dinçer B.T.; Kisla T.; Metin S.K.In order to compare work done under natural language processing, the corpora involved in different studies should be standardized/normalized. Entropy, used as language model performance metric, totally depends on signal information. Whereas, when language is considered semantic information should also be considered. Here we propose a metric that exploits Zipf's and Heaps' power laws to respresent semantic information in terms of signal information and estimates the amount of information anticipated from a corpus of given length in words. The proposed metric is tested on 20 different lengths of sub-corpora drawn from major corpus in Turkish (METU). While the entropy changed depending on the length of the corpus, the value of our proposed metric stayed almost constant which supports our claim about normalizing the corpus. © 2013 IEEE.Öğe A study on science teachers' attitudes toward information and communication technologies in education(2009) Cavas B.; Cavas P.; Karaoglan B.; Kisla T.Integration of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) into education has been an important concern in many countries. Recently, Turkish Ministry of Education has also done great efforts and major financial investments to implement ICT into teaching and learning environments. However, as in many developing countries, ICT tools are provided to teachers without considering their attitudes toward ICT. The purpose of this study was to reveal Turkish primary science teachers' attitudes toward ICT in education and then explore the relationship between teachers' attitudes and factors which are related to teachers' personal characteristics (gender, age, computer ownership at home, and computer experience). In order to collect data, an instrument (STATICTE) was developed by researchers and administered to 1071 science teachers almost uniformly distributed in 7 geographic regions of Turkey. In data analyses, descriptive statistics were used to describe and summarize the properties of the mass of data collected from the respondents. The results indicate that Turkish science teachers have positive attitudes toward ICT and although teachers' attitudes toward ICT do not differ regarding gender, it differs regarding age, computer ownership at home and computer experience. It is hoped that the outcomes of this study can be used in shaping innovational practices in the Turkish Educational System. © The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology 2002.Öğe Text similarity analysis using IR lists [BGG listeleri ile metin benzerlik analizi](2013) Metin S.K.; Karaoglan B.; Kisla T.Natural language processing can be seen as a signal processing problem when the characters, syllabi, words, punctuations in a text are considered as signals. In this article, we present a novel approach that detects text similarity in Turkish, based on the similarities of the lists of retrieved documents when the texts are given as queries to web search engines. The similarities between the URLs contained in the items of the returned lists are measured using statistical methods like euclidean, city-block, chebychev, cosine, correlation, spearman and hamming distances. For experimenting, a corpus of 150 news is developed by gathering news in 50 different topics from 3 Turkish newspapers published during a certain time slot. News on the same topic published in different newspapers are considered as similar texts. Statistical methods are applied on the formed newsXterms matrix; and for each news similar news are ranked from the most similar to least similar. If at least one of the top two is the same with the ones marked manully as similar, it is counted as success. Experimental results show that cosines and correlation distances give the best performance with 84% precision. © 2013 IEEE.
