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    A new inverse olive oil emulsion plus carrot powder to replace animal fat in model meat batters
    (Academic Press, 2021) Öztürk-Kerimoğlu, B.; Kara, A.; Urgu-Öztürk, M.; Serdaroğlu, M.
    This study entails the usage of an inverse (W/O) emulsion system with olive oil to replace beef fat (BF) in model meat batters with carrot powder (CP) to improve quality. Nine different formulations were prepared by the replacement of 0, 50, and 100% BF with W/O emulsion plus 0, 2, and 4 g/100 g CP. Total fat reduction up to 35% could be obtained in samples having inverse emulsions. Total replacement of BF with inverse emulsions yielded a reduction in saturated fatty acids from 46 to 17.5, while yielding an increase in mono-unsaturated fatty acids from 51.2 to 72.5, as well as an increase in poly-unsaturated fatty acids from 2.2 to 9.7 g/100 g lipid, thus improving the nutritional ratios of lipid composition. Use of inverse emulsion yielded batters with increased lightness, while CP was implicated in increased redness and yellowness. Hardness, gumminess, and chewiness were lower, while cohesiveness was higher in W/O emulsion batters than in control. Oxidative and technological quality could be ensured through the utilization of CP in inverse emulsion samples. The incorporation of inverse emulsions and CP promises to convey healthier oils and natural ingredients, as well as to maintain the quality of emulsified meat systems. © 2020
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    The Present and Future Aspects of Life-Long Pertussis Prevention: Narrative Review with Regional Perspectives for Türkiye
    (Adis, 2023) Pehlivan, T.; Dinleyici, E.C.; Kara, A.; Kurugöl, Z.; Tezer, H.; Aksakal, N.B.; Biri, A.
    Pertussis, caused by Bordetella pertussis, remains one of the most widespread, contagious, and vaccine-preventable diseases. It results in notable morbidity and mortality as well as severe medical, social, and economic burden. Despite high global vaccine coverage, pertussis continues to be a significant epidemiologic problem, with outbreak episodes every few years just as in the pre-vaccination era. In Türkiye, there is a lack of comprehensive data on the current burden of pertussis in different age and risk groups, leading to underdiagnosis and underreporting of the disease, especially in adults who are often not considered at risk. Available data from Türkiye also reveal inadequate levels of protective antibodies in preterm newborns, emphasizing the need for additional preventive measures. Authors stated that improving physician awareness of pertussis symptoms in patients with prolonged cough, increasing access to routine pertussis tests, and conducting surveillance studies would aid in accurate diagnosis and reporting in Türkiye. As the Turkish Ministry of Health Antenatal Care Management Guide suggests routine second and third pregnancy check-up visits at weeks 18–24 and 28–32 correspondingly, this period can be considered the ideal vaccination time for Türkiye. Introducing a booster dose of Tdap at around 10 years of age or during national military service would reduce transmission and protect susceptible individuals. Identifying individuals at high risk of severe pertussis and prioritizing them for a booster dose is also crucial in Türkiye. Enhancing surveillance systems, increasing healthcare professionals’ awareness through training, and organizing catch-up visits for missed vaccinations during the COVID-19 pandemic are mentioned as additional strategies to improve pertussis prevention in Türkiye. This review focuses on the global and regional burden of pertussis and obstacles to effective prevention and evaluates existing strategies to achieve lifelong pertussis prevention. Literature and current strategies were also discussed from a Turkish national standpoint. © 2023, The Author(s).
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    Records of three uncommon fishes from Izmir Bay (Aegean Sea, Turkey)
    (Wiley-Blackwell, 2013) Akyol, O.; Aydin, I.; Gulsahin, A.; Kara, A.
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    Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 reduces the duration of diarrhoea, length of emergency care and hospital stay in children with acute diarrhoea
    (Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2015) Dinleyici, E. C.; Kara, A.; Dalgic, N.; Kurugol, Z.; Arica, V.; Metin, O.; Temur, E.; Turel, O.; Guven, S.; Yasa, O.; Bulut, S.; Tanir, G.; Yazar, A. S.; Karbuz, A.; Sancar, M.; Erguven, M.; Akca, G.; Eren, M.; Ozen, M.; Vandenplas, Y.
    Evidence from the literature has shown that Saccharomyces boulardii provides a clinically significant benefit in the treatment of acute infectious diarrhoea in children. In this multicentre, randomised, prospective, controlled, single blind clinical trial performed in children with acute watery diarrhoea, we aimed to evaluate the impact of S. boulardii CNCM I-745 in hospitalised children, in children requiring emergency care unit (ECU) stay and in outpatient settings. The primary endpoint was the duration of diarrhoea (in hours). Secondary outcome measures were duration of hospitalisation and diarrhoea at the 3rd day of intervention. In the whole study group (363 children), the duration of diarrhoea was approximately 24 h shorter in the S. boulardii group (75.4 +/- 33.1 vs 99.8 +/- 32.5 h, P<0.001). The effect of S. boulardii (diarrhoea-free children) was observed starting at 48 h. After 72 h, only 27.3% of the children receiving probiotic still had watery diarrhoea, in contrast to 48.5% in the control group (P<0.001). The duration of diarrhoea was significantly reduced in the probiotic group in hospital, ECU and outpatient settings (P<0.001, P<0.01 and P<0.001, respectively). The percentage of diarrhoea-free children was significantly larger after 48 and 72 h in all settings. The mean length of hospital stay was shorter with more than 36 h difference in the S. boulardii group (4.60 +/- 1.72 vs 6.12 +/- 1.71 days, P<0.001). The mean length of ECU stay was shorter with more than 19 h difference in the probiotic group (1.20 +/- 0.4 vs 2.0 +/- 0.3 days, P<0.001). No adverse effects related to the probiotic were noted. Because treatment can shorten the duration of diarrhoea and reduce the length of ECU and hospital stay, there is likely a social and economic benefit of S. boulardii CNCM I-745 in adjunction to oral rehydration solution in acute infectious gastroenteritis in children.
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    Therapeutic modalities and clinical outcomes in a large cohort with LRBA deficiency and CTLA4 insufficiency
    (Elsevier Inc., 2023) Taghizade, N.; Babayeva, R.; Kara, A.; Karakus, I.S.; Catak, M.C.; Bulutoglu, A.; Haskologlu, Z.S.
    Background: LPS-responsive beige-like anchor (LRBA) deficiency (LRBA–/–) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte–associated antigen-4 (CTLA4) insufficiency (CTLA4+/–) are mechanistically overlapped diseases presenting with recurrent infections and autoimmunity. The effectiveness of different treatment regimens remains unknown. Objective: Our aim was to determine the comparative efficacy and long-term outcome of therapy with immunosuppressants, CTLA4-immunoglobulin (abatacept), and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in a single-country multicenter cohort of 98 patients with a 5-year median follow-up. Methods: The 98 patients (63 LRBA–/– and 35 CTLA4+/–) were followed and evaluated at baseline and every 6 months for clinical manifestations and response to the respective therapies. Results: The LRBA–/– patients exhibited a more severe disease course than did the CTLA4+/– patients, requiring more immunosuppressants, abatacept, and HSCT to control their symptoms. Among the 58 patients who received abatacept as either a primary or rescue therapy, sustained complete control was achieved in 46 (79.3%) without severe side effects. In contrast, most patients who received immunosuppressants as primary therapy (n = 61) showed either partial or no disease control (72.1%), necessitating additional immunosuppressants, abatacept, or transplantation. Patients with partial or no response to abatacept (n = 12) had longer disease activity before abatacept therapy, with higher organ involvement and poorer disease outcomes than those with a complete response. HSCT was performed in 14 LRBA–/– patients; 9 patients (64.2%) showed complete remission, and 3 (21.3%) continued to receive immunosuppressants after transplantation. HSCT and abatacept therapy gave rise to similar probabilities of survival. Conclusions: Abatacept is superior to immunosuppressants in controlling disease manifestations over the long term, especially when started early, and it may provide a safe and effective therapeutic alternative to transplantation. © 2023 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology