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    Examining long-term impacts of a training programme to improve quality of IEP goals
    (Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2024) Rakap, Salih; Balikci, Serife; Kalkan, Sinan; Coleman, Heather; Aydin, Burak; Gulboy, Emrah
    High-quality IEP goals developed based on a comprehensive assessment of child functioning are more likely to result in individualisation of services and improved learning outcomes for students with disabilities. This study investigated the impact of a training programme on the quality of individualised education programme (IEP) goals written by Turkish special education preservice teachers and examined whether participants could transfer goal writing skills from preservice to in-service settings. A total of 44 preservice teachers participated in the study and were randomly assigned to service-as-usual control or training groups. Preservice teachers in the experimental group received a manual focused on writing high-quality IEP goals and participated in a series of two in-person trainings across 2 weeks. Preservice teachers in the control group were given the same manual focused on writing high-quality IEP goals and asked to review the manual. Results showed that the training method used was effective in improving the quality of IEP goals special education preservice teachers developed and wrote. Moreover, preservice teachers maintained their performance during the 4-month follow-up and demonstrated evidence for generalisation of skills to in-service settings at 12 months post-training.
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    Promoting Inclusion Through Embedded Instruction: Enhancing Preschool Teachers' Implementation of Learning Opportunities for Children with Disabilities
    (Springer/Plenum Publishers, 2023) Rakap, Salih; Balıkcı, Şerife; Aydin, Burak; Kalkan, Sinan
    Embedded instruction facilitates individualized support and promotes meaningful participation for all children, irrespective of their abilities or disabilities, by integrating learning opportunities into the natural, everyday activities of inclusive preschool settings. This study aimed to investigate the impact of a coaching intervention on the fidelity of preschool teachers' implementation of embedded learning opportunities (ELOs) and child learning outcomes, using a multiple baseline across participants design. Four preschool teachers and four children with disabilities participated in the study. Findings showed that teachers' correct implementation of ELOs increased slightly after the introduction of the workshop training, but criterion level of performance was only achieved after practice-based coaching support. All four teachers sustained high levels of correct implementation during maintenance sessions conducted intermittently after the coaching intervention. As the accuracy of preschool teachers' implementation of ELOs increased, the percentage of children's correct responses regarding target behaviors also increased. The social validity data indicated that preschool teachers found embedded instruction practices and the coaching intervention effective, beneficial, and suitable. Overall, the study provides evidence supporting coaching as an effective professional development strategy for improving the implementation of ELOs and enhancing child learning outcomes in inclusive preschool classrooms. The study underscores the importance of ongoing coaching support to ensure sustained use of ELOs among preschool teachers, thereby facilitating the development and learning of preschool children with developmental disabilities in inclusive settings.