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    Advertisement and release call characteristics of the Common toad, Bufo bufo (Linnaeus, 1758), (Amphibia: Anura) from Karabük, Turkey
    (Universitatea din Oradea, 2017) Yakar O.; Kumlutaş Y.; Ilgaz C.
    Advertisement calls and release calls of the common toad, Bufo bufo, from Karabük, were analysed in the current study. Advertisement calls generally consisted of consecutive pulse groups, ending with a long pulse group. Two types of release calls were observed. The first type did not have consecutive pulse groups, while the second consisted of consecutive pulse groups with final long pulse group. Both advertisement and release calls of B. bufo were described for the first time from Turkey. © Biharean Biologist, Oradea, Romania, 2017.
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    Age-dependent variations in the venom proteins of Vipera xanthina (Gray, 1849) (Ophidia: Viperidae).
    (2006) Arikan H.; Alpagut Keskin N.; Cevik I.E.; Ilgaz C.
    In this study, polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis and densitometry analysis methods were used to analyze venom extracts of Vipera xanthina specimens of different lengths (35, 47 and 88 cm) collected from the same locality. The electropherograms of the venom protein samples showed age-dependent qualitative and quantitative variations.
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    Electrophoretic characterisation of the venom samples obtained from various Anatolian snakes (Serpentes: Colubridae, Viperidae, Elapidae)
    (Editura Universitati din Oradea, 2008) Arikan H.; Göçmen B.; Kumlutaş Y.; Alpagut-Keskin N.; Ilgaz C.; Yildiz M.-Z.
    The venoms extracted from a colubrid snake [Malpolom monspessulanus (Hermann)], seven viperids [Montivipera xanthina (Gray), Montivipera wagneri Nilson & Andrén, Vipera ammodytes (Linnaeus), Vipera kaznakovi (Nikolsky), Vipera eriwanensis (Bonaparte), Vipera barani Böhme & Joger, Macrovipera lebetina (Linnaeus)] and an elapid snake [Walterinnesia aegyptia (Lataste)] collected from various regions of Anatolia were compared using polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis and densitometry analysis methods. The electrophoretic patterns (protein bands) of the examined venom snakes were demonstrated. The resulting electropherograms showed important qualitative differences amongst the colubrid snake Malpolon monspessulanus, the elapid species Walterinnesia aegyptia and the viperid snakes. In M. monspessulanus and W. aegyptia samples the total protein fraction numbers were 11 and 12, respectively, while in viperid samples the number was between 10 and 14, indicating a higher venom complexity in viperids compared to that of opistoglyph-colubrid and proteroglyph-elapid snakes. Electrophoretic data support the phylogenetic argument previously outlined for the family Viperidae. Moreover, it is concluded that the Macrovipera wagneri and Walterinnesia aegyptia are closely related taxa with front-fanged delivery systems in the light of protein band analogies.