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    Burnout in Healthcare Professionals During the Covid-19 Pandemic in a Tertiary Care University Hospital: Evaluation of the Need for Psychological Support
    (Turkiye Sinir Ve Ruh Sagligi Dernegi, 2021) Sertoz, Ozen Onen; Tuncel, Ozlem Kuman; Sertoz, Nezih; Hepdurgun, Cenan; Haznedaroglu, Damla Isman; Bor, Canan
    Objective: Anxiety, stress and burnout are observed in healthcare workers during the Covid-19 pandemic. This study aimed to determine the levels of anxiety and burnout and related risk factors in the healthcare workers and assistant personnel at a tertiary referral university hospital. Method: Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS), Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and a sociodemographic questionnaire were delivered online to all employees of our hospital. 683 individuals were to the study who completed and returned the forms between April 15-30, 2020. Results: Stress, depression and anxiety levels were significantly higher in nurses. Emotional burnout and depersonalization symptoms were higher and personal accomplishment scores were lower in resident physicians and nurses in comparison to the other groups. Being single, having a child and living away from home were factors underlying the burnout severity. Frontline work in the Covid-19 clinics did not affect the levels of anxiety, stress and depression. On the basis of the cut off points of the HADS scores; anxiety disorder (OR: 7.19) and depression (OR 3.43) were the most relevant risk factors for emotional exhaustion. Anxiety disorder was also the main risk factor for depersonalization. Depersonalization was 2.7-fold more among the nurses complaining of being overworked. Social support from the work environment and the family was protective against depersonalization. Conclusion: Covid-19 pandemic has adversely affected the wellbeing of healthcare workers. The presence of depression and anxiety increased the risk of burnout. Social support can be expected to protect against burnout. It is, therefore, of great importance to implement urgently effective psychosocial and organizational interventions in order to protect the mental health of healthcare workers and to prevent burnout.
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    Development, implementation and results of Objective Structured Clinical Exam in Psychiatric Association of Turkey Board Exam
    (Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi, 2018) Ozturkcu, Ozlem Surel Karabilgin; Tuncel, Ozlem Kuman; Haznedaroglu, Damla Isman
    Object: The aim of this study, is to present the process and results of OSCE in Psychiatric Association of Turkey Board Exam-PATBE. Methods: Six stationed OSCE, in which Standardized Patient-SP took role on five stations, were used as an exam method. These stations were planned for assessing the skills of taking history, psychiatric examination, differential diagnosis, making treatment plans and informing the patient. On the sixth station, the examinees are asked to write a forensic psychiatric report. Phases of OSCE were: preparing the blueprint, preparing the SPs' scenario for each station, preparing the examinee's instructions, preparing the observer's instructions and the evaluation guide, SP education, training of observers, pilot implementation, implementation and evaluation of results. The examinees are expected to achieve at least 30% success in each station and 50% success in all stations. Results: 116 examinees participated the exam between 2006-2016 and 91.4% succeeded in the OSCE exam. In feedback forms, examinees stated that the exam is moderately difficult; yet, the content of the exam is in line with the scope of their specialty training and is suitable for evaluating an expert. Discussion: Positive feedbacks from the examinees indicated the efficiency of the exam. The preparation, implementation and evaluation of results of OSCE require considerable time and manpower. OSCE can be used as a valuable test method for psychiatric board certification.
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    The Disrupted Connection Between Cerebral Hemispheres in Schizophrenia Patients: A Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study
    (Turkiye Sinir Ve Ruh Sagligi Dernegi, 2011) Kitis, Omer; Eker, M. Cagdas; Zengin, Burcak; Akyilmaz, Dincer Aydin; Yalvac, Dilek; Ozdemir, Halil Ibrahim; Haznedaroglu, Damla Isman; Bilgi, Mustafa Melih; Gonul, Ali Saffet
    Aim: In schizophrenia, the disruption of the communication between two brain hemispheres has not been shown clearly in the anatomical aspect despite other studies with different modalities suggested so. In this study, the structural integrity and the variables affecting the structural integrity of the corpus callosum, which is the main connection between two hemispheres, was investigated via diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Methods: The participants were evaluated by SCID-I and symptoms of the patients were assessed with PANSS. DT images of 25 schizophrenia patients and 17 healthy volunteers were acquired via 1.5 T MR. Fractioned Anisotropy (FA) values of two groups, measured on the DT images, were compared. Results: It was found that fractioned anisotropy (FA) values were lower in the genu of the patients than the healthy controls; however, there was no difference between the FA values of the patients and the controls in the splenium. Moreover, a significant negative correlation between the splenium FA values and the antipsychotic medication doses; and a trend level negative correlation of splenium FA and PANSS scores were found. Conclusion: Corpus callosum is the most important structure that connects two frontal lobes. The hypothesis that posits the fundamental role of the disconnection of frontal lobes in schizophrenia is supported by the findings of this study.
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    Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic on Sleep Quality and Mental State of Frontline Pulmonologists
    (Turkish Neuropsychiatry Assoc-Turk Noropsikiyatri Dernegi, 2022) Haznedaroglu, Damla Isman; Tuncel, Ozlem Kuman; Hepdurgun, Cenan; Pirildar, Sebnem; Basoglu, Ozen K.
    Introduction: This study aims to determine the sleep quality and its relationship with anxiety and depressive symptoms, working conditions and other factors among the frontline pulmonologists on active duty during the COVID-19 pandemic.Method: An online survey was conducted among pulmonologists in Turkey. The survey link was e-mailed to the members of the professional societies of pulmonologists. The volunteers were asked to fill in questions about their sociodemographics, medical and psychiatric history, working and housing conditions, perceived levels of support during the pandemic, as well as the sleep habits before the pandemic. Also, questions investigating the severity/level of their worries were inquired and they were asked to fill in two scale forms (the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index-PSQI).Results: The sample consisted of 179 pulmonologists who were divided into two groups according to PSQI as good sleepers (PSQI <= 5) and poor sleepers (PSQI >5). It was observed that 59.2% of the participants had poor sleep quality during the pandemic. Being anxious (p<0.0001, Odds ratio [OR]=0.139, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] [0.052-0.372]), working in intensive care unit (p=0.046, OR=2.363, 95% CI [1.015-5.497]), worry level about excessive increase of the number of patients above the capacity of the institution they worked in (p=0.018, OR=1.755, 95% CI [1.102-2.794]) and being dissatisfied with ones' sleep before the pandemic (p<0.016, OR=0.272, 95% CI [0.094-0.786]) were found to be the main factors that negatively affected the quality of sleep of pulmonologists during the pandemic.Conclusion: More than half of the pulmonologists in our sample group had low sleep quality during the pandemic. For establishing a good sleep regime for clinicians, its crucial to consider certain interventions on the affecting factors.
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    The negative association between amygdala volume and harm avoidance trait in healthy young women with a history of familial depression
    (Elsevier, 2020) Unaran, Esmin; Burhanoglu, Birce Begum; Haznedaroglu, Damla Isman; Ozalay, Ozgun; Tunay, Sebnem; Kitis, Omer; Gonul, Ali Saffet
    [No abstract available]
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    Small Frontal Gray Matter Volume in First-Episode Depression Patients
    (Turkiye Sinir Ve Ruh Sagligi Dernegi, 2010) Bilgj, Mustafa Melih; Ozalay, Ozgun; Eker, Mehmet Cagdas; Kitis, Omer; Ozan, Erol; Eker, Ozlem; Simsek, Fatma; Haznedaroglu, Damla Isman; Gonul, Ali Saffet
    Objective: Brain imaging studies have shown that depressed individuals suffer from inadequate frontal lobefunctions vis a vis smaller frontal lobes. The effects of depression's recurrent nature and long-term antidepressant treatment are not definitely known. This study aimed to examine frontal lobe volume at the onset of clinical depression by including first-episode drug-naive depressed patients. Method: The study included 23 first-episode drug-free major depression patients diagnosed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) and 28 healthy age- and sex-matched controls. Cranial magnetic resonance (MR) images were obtained in both groups using a 1.5 Tesla device. Gray and white matter volumes in the frontal lobes were measured using the Medical Image Processing Analysis and Visualization (MIPAV) computer program. Results: Frontal gray matter volume in the patients was lower than that in the control group. White matter and total intracranial volume did not differ between the 2 groups. Small gray matter volume was not correlated with the duration or severity of illness. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that frontal lobe gray matter volume is low in first-episode depressed patients and is independent of both illness severity and duration. This result suggests that the observed changes in the frontal lobe could have occurred before the clinical symptoms of depression were observed.