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    Detection of the presence of Bordetella pertussis by real-time polymerase chain reaction in children diagnosed with pertussis and among their household contacts
    (2013) Uslu Z.D.T.; Ceyhan M.; Dinleyici E.C.; Kurugol Z.; Alpman B.N.; Oncel E.K.; Gurbuz V.; Aycan E.; Tezer H.; Gulhan B.
    Background: Despite high vaccination coverage, pertussis continues to be a great public health problem. Adults and adolescents are source of infection for infants who are too young to be completely vaccinated. The aim of the study is detect if there is a household transmission of pertussis. Methods: Presence of Bordetella pertussis among the household contacts of the children who had had the positive result for Bordetella pertussis by real-time polymerase chain reaction was detected. Results: Of the 173 infants with clinical suspicion of pertussis, 48 (27.7%) turned out to be positive by PCR. The mothers of 19 (41.3% of all tested mothers) of them were also PCR positive for B. pertussis, being the family member most frequently infected. Conclusion: Despite high coverage of pertussis vaccination in Turkey, pertussis is prevalent both in incompletely protected infants and older children. High rate of presence of the bacteria in the household contacts depicts the importance of further pertussis booster vaccination in adolescents, adults and the targeted vaccination of the adults having close contacts with infants (cocoon strategy). © 2013 Tamburaci{dotless} Uslu ZD, et al.
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    Meningitis caused by neisseria meningitidis, hemophilus influenzae type b and streptococcus pneumoniae during 2005-2012 in Turkey: A multicenter prospective surveillance study
    (Landes Bioscience, 2014) Ceyhan M.; Gürler N.G.; Ozsurekci Y.; Keser M.; Aycan A.E.; Gurbuz V.; Salman N.; Camcioglu Y.; Dinleyici E.C.; Ozkan S.; Sensoy G.; Belet N.; Alhan E.; Hacimustafaoglu M.; Celebi S.; Uzun H.; Oner A.F.; Kurugol Z.; Ali M.; Aygun D.; Oncel E.K.; Celik M.; Yasa O.; Akin F.; Coşkun Y.
    Successful vaccination policies for protection from bacterial meningitis are dependent on determination of the etiology of bacterial meningitis. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were obtained prospectively from children from 1 month to ? 18 years of age hospitalized with suspected meningitis, in order to determine the etiology of meningitis in Turkey. DNA evidence of Neisseria meningitidis (N. meningitidis ), Streptococcus pneumoniae ( S. pneumoniae), and Hemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) was detected using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In total, 1452 CSF samples were evaluated and bacterial etiology was determined in 645 (44.4%) cases between 2005 and 2012; N. meningitidis was detected in 333 (51.6%), S. pneumoniae in 195 (30.2%), and Hib in 117 (18.1%) of the PCR positive samples. Of the 333 N. meningitidis positive samples 127 (38.1%) were identified as serogroup W-135, 87 (26.1%) serogroup B, 28 (8.4%) serogroup A and 3 (0.9%) serogroup Y; 88 (26.4%) were non-groupable. As vaccines against the most frequent bacterial isolates in this study are available and licensed, these results highlight the need for broad based protection against meningococcal disease in Turkey. © 2014 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
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    Nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae in healthy children aged less than five years
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2021) Ceyhan M.; Karadag-Oncel E.; Hascelik G.; Ustundag G.; Gurbuz V.; Samlioglu P.; Oz F.N.
    Purpose: In Turkey, pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) was introduced to the national immunization program as PCV7 in 2008, and was replaced with PCV13 in 2011. The aim of the study was to demonstrate the pneumococcal carriage rate and the serotype distribution in healthy children under 5 years in Turkey who were vaccinated with PCV13. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study including the collection of questionnaire data and nasopharyngeal (NP) specimens among children aged <5 years from five centers from March 2019 to March 2020. Pneumococcal isolates were identified using optochin sensitivity and bile solubility. Serotyping was performed using a latex agglutination kit and Quellung reaction. Results: NP swab samples were collected from 580 healthy children. The observed overall carriage rate was 17.8%. None of the hypothesised predictors of S. pneumoniae carriage, except maternal education level was statistically significant (p = 0.017). High maternal education level appeared to decrease the risk (lower vs. higher maternal education OR: 1.992 [95% CI; 1.089–3.643], p = 0.025). The overall NP S. pneumoniae carriage prevalence for the PCV13-vaccinated children was 17.8% (103/580). The most common serotypes detected were serotype 15B (n = 10, 9.7%), serotype 23F (n = 9, 8.7%), serotype 23A (n = 9, 8.7%), serotype 11A (n = 7, 6.7%), serotype 19F (n = 5, 4.8%) and serotype 15F (n = 5, 4.8%). Of the isolates, 28 (27.2%) were in PCV13 vaccine strains (VSs), and 75 (72.8%) strains were non-VS. The serotype coverage rate was 27.2% for PCV13. Conclusion: The overall S. pneumoniae carriage rate was higher than in earlier studies from Turkey. Post-vaccine era studies from around the world have reported a decrease in VS serotypes and a ‘serotype replacement’ to non-VS serotypes, as we determined in our study. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd