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Öğe AIR-BORNE MICROFUNGUS FLORA DETERMINED IN THE DIFFERENT UNITS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF INTERNAL DISEASES, EGE UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2013) Haliki-Uztan, Alev; Ates, Mustafa; Gunyar, Ozlem Abaci; Gulbahar, Okan; Baydal, Basak; Boyacioglu, HayalIn the Medical Faculty of Ege University, indoor airborne fungal concentrations and the types of fungi have been determined in the two parts and the intensive care unit where patients who are admitted to the Department of Internal diseases, Department of Endocrinology, Department of Hematology, Department of Immunology, Department of Nephrology, Department of Rheumatology, Department of Oncology, Department of Gastroenterology and Department of Geriatrics, are treated. For this purpose, air samples were collected in 19 different locations, each month for 6 months, with the Merck MAS 100. Upon the identification of isolates obtained from 3,167 microfungus colonies counted, 43 different species belonging to 13 genera were determined. Of them, the most frequent genera were Aspergillus, Penicillium, Cladosporium and Alternaria. Concentrations of air-borne fungi in several wards of the intensive care unit ranged between 120 and 2,100 cfu/m(3). In another part of wards, fungal load was found to be between 20 and 2,280 cfu/m(3). When the fungal loads in the intensive care unit and in the other units were compared, no significant difference was found (P = 0.266> 0.05). According to the descriptive statistics kept in April, May and June, there was a large increase in maximum values compared to the other months.Öğe AIR-BORNE MICROFUNGUS FLORA DETERMINED IN THE DIFFERENT UNITS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF INTERNAL DISEASES, EGE UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2013) Haliki-Uztan, Alev; Ates, Mustafa; Gunyar, Ozlem Abaci; Gulbahar, Okan; Baydal, Basak; Boyacioglu, HayalIn the Medical Faculty of Ege University, indoor airborne fungal concentrations and the types of fungi have been determined in the two parts and the intensive care unit where patients who are admitted to the Department of Internal diseases, Department of Endocrinology, Department of Hematology, Department of Immunology, Department of Nephrology, Department of Rheumatology, Department of Oncology, Department of Gastroenterology and Department of Geriatrics, are treated. For this purpose, air samples were collected in 19 different locations, each month for 6 months, with the Merck MAS 100. Upon the identification of isolates obtained from 3,167 microfungus colonies counted, 43 different species belonging to 13 genera were determined. Of them, the most frequent genera were Aspergillus, Penicillium, Cladosporium and Alternaria. Concentrations of air-borne fungi in several wards of the intensive care unit ranged between 120 and 2,100 cfu/m(3). In another part of wards, fungal load was found to be between 20 and 2,280 cfu/m(3). When the fungal loads in the intensive care unit and in the other units were compared, no significant difference was found (P = 0.266> 0.05). According to the descriptive statistics kept in April, May and June, there was a large increase in maximum values compared to the other months.Öğe AIRBORNE MICROFUNGUS FLORA DETERMINED IN THE DIFFERENT UNITS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF TULAY AKTAS ONCOLOGY HOSPITAL, EGE UNIVERSITY(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2015) Gunyar, Ozlem Abaci; Haliki-Uztan, Alev; Ates, Mustafa; Yoltas, Aysegul; Goker, ErdemRecently, there has been a dramatic increase in the prevalence of nosocomial fungal infections.; Especially with the increase in the number of immunosuppressed patients, rare fungal pathogens which were difficult to detect in the past are now frequently isolated. In this study, the level of endogenous airborne fungal concentrations and the types of fungi were determined at Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Tulay Aktas Oncology Hospital. For this purpose, air samples were collected at 34 different locations monthly during six months with the Merck MAS 100 air sampler. As a result, a total of 5590 fungal colonies in 204 petri dishes were counted. Thirty-two fungal species belonging to 10 genera were identified. The most prevalent genera were the common moulds; Aspergillus (3.91 +/- 1.01), Penicillium (16.08 +/- 3.10), Cladosporium (40.82 +/- 4.15) and Alternaria (7.51 +/- 1.82). The results revealed that the most common genus was Cladosporium. Fungal concentration levels in different parts of the stem cell transplantation department ranged from 0 to 340 cfu/m(3). In other units of the hospital, fungal load was found to be between 0 and 45600 cfu/m3. When the fungal density of the stem cell transplantation department and that of the other units were compared, fungal density of the stem cell transplantation department was found to be significantly lower (p = 0.000 <0.05). The highest values in our study were determined during the 5th month of this study, because natural gas pipelines were installed around the hospital in this month. In this study, we aimed to emphasize the importance of monitoring the presence of airborne fungal flora, particularly Aspergillus spp, in the departments of a hospital where patients of high-risk groups are hospitalized.Öğe AIRBORNE MYCOBIOTA DETERMINED IN THE NEONATAL UNIT OF THE EGE UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL, BORNOVA, TURKEY(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2016) Sakartepe, Erhan; Uzan, Alev Haliki; Gunyar, Ozlem AbaciPathogenic or opportunist fungi in hospital environments may be a source of infection in susceptible hosts. Especially for newborn intensive care units of hospitals, the control of the fungal spore and knowing the incidence of mycobiota in hospitals are of great importance in order to understand the types of infections and the problems caused by them. In this study, the level of endogenous airborne fungal concentrations and the types of fungi were determined at Ege University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Neonatal Unit, which is located centre of Izmir. For this purpose, air samples were collected at 14 selected stations monthly during twelve months with the Merck MAS 100 air sampler. As a result, a total of 2631 fungal colonies were counted. Sixty two fungal species belonging to 12 genera were identified. These species consisted of Aspergillus (12), Penicillium (24), Cladosporium (10), Alternaria (6) and other species (10). The 6 microfungi were identified only in genus level. The most prevalent genera were the common moulds; Aspergillus (39.33 +/- 51.43), Penicillium (23.00 +/- 23.50), Cladosporium (74.33 +/- 63.43) and Alternaria (20.17 +/- 25.09). In this study, aimed to emphasize the importance of monitoring the presence of airborne fungal biota, particularly Aspergillus spp. in the newborn intensive care units where newborns and especially premature babies were hospitalized and opportunistic pathogenic species such as A.flavus, A. fumigatus, A. niger and A. terreus were isolated.Öğe Functional properties of Rhizopus oryzae strains isolated from agricultural soils as a potential probiotic for broiler feed fermentation(Springer, 2022) Hamza, Ahmed Adel; Gunyar, Ozlem AbaciThe most crucial and expensive fragment in the broiler chicken production industry is the feed. Because of the rising demand, finding a cheap and effective feed is an urgent necessity. Fermentation of broiler feed by probiotic fungal starters can enhance the nutrient's availability and digestibility while preventing pathogenic growth. In this study different Rhizopus spp. have been isolated from agricultural soils around Izmir, Turkey, and tested for their probiotic potential and fermentative capacity. The isolated Rhizopus strains first underwent microscopical fluorescent investigation to exclude endofungal bacterial presence, then, those without endofungal bacteria (totally 82) were tested for antimicrobial activity counter bacterial and fungal pathogens. The ones with wide-spectrum antimicrobial activity (totally 10) were tested for gastrointestinal tolerance and antioxidant ability. Upon phenotypic and genotypic identification, the 10 isolates were found to belong to Rhizopus oryzae species. While all 10 strains showed variable gastrointestinal tolerance and antioxidant activities, three of them (92/1, 236/2, and 284) had relatively high antioxidant activity. Upon fermentative capacity assay, compared to unfermented commercial feed, there was a general decrease in crude fiber content by 56% after fermentation by 92/1 isolate for 4 days and 236/2 isolate for 2 days. The highest increase in crude protein content (by 14.5%) occurred after a 4-day fermentation period by 236/2 isolate. The highest increase in metabolizable energy was 8.64%, by the 284 isolate after 2 days of fermentation. In conclusion, the three strains showed good probiotic properties and fermentative capacities hence can be beneficial for the poultry industry.Öğe Indoor airborne fungal pollution in newborn units in Turkey(Springer, 2017) Demirel, Rasime; Sen, Burhan; Kadaifciler, Duygu; Yoltas, Aysegul; Okten, Suzan; Ozkale, Evrim; Berikten, Derya; Samson, Robert A.; Uztan, Alev Haliki; Yilmaz, Neriman; Gunyar, Ozlem Abaci; Aydogdu, Halide; Asan, Ahmet; Kivanc, Merih; Ozdil, Soner; Sakartepe, ErhanPathogenic and/or opportunistic fungal species are major causes of nosocomial infections, especially in controlled environments where immunocompromised patients are hospitalized. Indoor fungal contamination in hospital air is associated with a wide range of adverse health effects. Regular determination of fungal spore counts in controlled hospital environments may help reduce the risk of fungal infections. Because infants have inchoate immune systems, they are given immunocompromised patient status. The aim of the present study was to evaluate culturable airborne fungi in the air of hospital newborn units in the Thrace, Marmara, Aegean, and Central Anatolia regions of Turkey. A total of 108 air samples were collected seasonally from newborn units in July 2012, October 2012, January 2013, and April 2013 by using an air sampler and dichloran 18% glycerol agar (DG18) as isolation media. We obtained 2593 fungal colonies comprising 370 fungal isolates representing 109 species of 28 genera, which were identified through multi-loci gene sequencing. Penicillium, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Talaromyces, and Alternaria were the most abundant genera identified (35.14, 25.40, 17.57, 2.70, and 6.22% of the total, respectively).Öğe Investigation of presence of endofungal bacteria in Rhizopus spp. isolated from the different food samples(Springer, 2021) Birol, Derya; Gunyar, Ozlem AbaciRhizopus species are opportunistic pathogens and cause infections which lead to deaths in individuals with the weakened immune system. Some strains of Rhizopus species have been detected to have a symbiotic relationship with bacteria. The toxicity of the Rhizopus species is important. Because strains harbouring endofungal bacteria are able to produce secondary metabolites and if endofungal bacteria are released from mycelium, serious problems can occur. We aimed to investigate the presence of endofungal bacteria in Rhizopus species isolated from food samples. Rhizopus species were isolated from different food samples. The presence of endofungal bacteria in the Rhizopus isolates was investigated. Rhizopus strains containing the endofungal bacteria were identified through phenotypic and genotypic methods. Universal primers amplifying bacterial 16S rRNA region were used to amplify 1.2-1.5-kb fragment from fungal metagenomic DNA. Sequence analysis of PCR products amplified from fungal metagenomic DNA was made. Fluorescence microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to visualize the presence of endofungal bacteria in fungal hyphae. According to our results, the Rhizopus strains is associated with Serratia marcescens, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Until now there is no evidence that Pseudomonas fluorescens and Klebsiella pneumoniae were identified as endofungal. These species are opportunistic pathogen dangerous for humans. It is important for humans not only the presence of the fungi but also the presence of the endofungal bacteria in foods. Our work is important because it draws attention to the presence of endofungal bacteria in foods. Because there is danger releasing of a bacterium from the mycelium, it is likely to face sepsis or serious problems.Öğe ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGI BEAUVERIA BASSIANA FROM TURKEY(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2016) Uztan, Alev Haliki; Gunyar, Ozlem Abaci; Yoltas, Aysegul; Keskin, NevinThe control of the agricultural pests is crucial for commercial products. There is a growing interest for biological control of these pests and one of the most effective and safe biocontrol agents is Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo-Crivelli) Vuillemin, which is an entomopathogenic fungus. The soil environment is a significant resource for entomopathogenic fungi. In this study the diversity and distribution of entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Bals.-Criv.) Vuill. was assessed throughout an extensive soil survey in Turkey carried out during 2013 and 2014. Soil samples from the seven regions of Turkey were taken and Beauveria spp. isolates were obtained from six of these regions, with 32 positive sites out of 150 sites sampled. The isolates were identified as Beauveria bassiana based on phenotypic and molecular data. Beauveria bassiana was isolated from the European (Marmara) as well as the Asiatic peninsula (Anatolia) of Turkey.Öğe Nutritional value of commercial broiler feed supplemented with olive mill waste fermented with probiotic Rhizopus oryzae strains(Wiley, 2022) Hamza, Ahmed Adel; Gunyar, Ozlem AbaciAims The changes in chemical composition and metabolizable energy (ME) of both olive mill waste (OMW) upon fermentation by three potential probiotic Rhizopus oryzae strains and commercial feed (CF) upon its supplementation by fermented olive mill waste (FOMW) were investigated. The objective was to test whether there will be an enhancement in the nutritional value of OMW after fermentation and/or commercial broiler feed upon supplementation by potentially probiotic filamentous fungi. Methods and results A three Rhizopus oryzae strains (92/1, 236/2 and 284) isolated from agricultural soil that were proven to have good probiotic properties (non-toxic, antimicrobial activity, antioxidant capacity and gastrointestinal tolerance) were used to ferment OMW, then the chemical composition was analysed after 7 and 14 days of fermentation. The FOMW with the R. oryzae 284 strain, which gave the best results, was added to a commercial broiler feed at 20%, 30% and 40% supplementation ratios. Then proximal analyses were done to compare non-supplemented with supplemented CF. Chemical analyses included dry weight, crude protein, crude fats, crude fibres, crude ash, sugars and starch, and then ME was calculated from the given values. Conclusions Compared to non-fermented OMW, the best results were obtained by the R. oryzae 284 strain allowing an increase in crude protein content by 23.4% after 7 days of fermentation, a decrease in crude fibre content by 9.8% after 14 days of fermentation and an increase in ME by 3.6% after 7 days of fermentation. Compared to non-supplemented CF, the ME changes of 20%, 30% and 40% supplementation increased by 8.38%, 2.83% and decreased by 4.27%, respectively. Significance and Impact of the Study FOMW can be incorporated into broiler feed rations until 30% without causing any decrease in metabolizable energy. It can be a cheaper alternative with promising productivity and chicken health improvements.
