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Öğe Assessment of Toxic Pyrrolizidine and Tropane Alkaloids in Herbal Teas and Culinary Herbs Using LC-Q-ToF/MS(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2023) Gumus, Z.P.Pyrrolizidine alkaloids are secondary metabolites produced by plants as a defense against insects. These can cause acute or chronic toxicity in humans. Therefore, avoiding potential poisoning from the consumption of tea and culinary plants contaminated with pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs), pyrrolizidine alkaloids N-oxides (PANOs), and tropane alkaloids (TAs) is important for human health and food safety. Therefore, it is important to determine the levels of these substances with reliable and highly accurate methods. In this study, the PAs, PANOs, and TAs in herbal teas and culinary herbs sold in Turkish markets were identified and their levels were determined. Thus, the general profiles of herbal teas and culinary herbs in Turkey were revealed, and the compliance of the total amounts of PA and TA with the regulations was examined. The identification and quantification of 25 PAs and N-oxides and 2 TAs (atropine and scopolamine) in the samples was performed with a liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometer (LC-Q-ToF/MS). At least a few of these substances were detected in all of the tested herbal teas and culinary herbs. The total contents of the black tea, green tea, mixed tea, flavored tea, chamomile tea, sage tea, linden tea, fennel tea, rosehip tea, peppermint, and thyme samples ranged from 4.6 ng g?1 to 1054.5 ng g?1. The results obtained shed light on the importance of analyzing the total dehydro PA, PANO, and TA amounts in plant-based products consumed in diets with sensitive and accurate methods, and they highlight the necessity of performing these analyses routinely in terms of food safety. © 2023 by the author.Öğe Bioactive Phytochemicals from Coconut (Cocos nucifera) Oil Processing By-products(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2023) Celenk, V.U.; Gumus, Z.P.; Ustun, Argon, Z.This chapter aims to evaluate the phytochemical compounds of the plant Cocos nucifera (L.) (coconut) and its by-products. Phytochemicals could be used as therapeutic agents and be produced via secondary metabolism in relatively small amounts. Many scientific studies show that carotenoids, phytoestrogens, nondigestible carbohydrates, flavonoids, and prebiotics significantly affect health. They reduce cancer risk due to phenolic antioxidants, anti-inflammatory effects, and dietary fibers. Due to the high utility and value of all the parts of the coconut plant and coconut plant coproducts, it has been used in many countries and cultures. Various applications have been performed on the nuts’ trunk, leaf, sheath, and outer shell, so there is probably no other crop of plant that can be compared to the coconut tree in terms of its versatile end uses. Furthermore, because of increasing demands for environmentally friendly and biodegradable agricultural products, coconut by-products such as coir and others are considered potential resources for current food and nonfood applications. This chapter summarizes the nutritional value, potential health benefits, and chemical composition of the various Cocos nucifera (L.) oil-processing by-products. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.Öğe Bioactive Phytochemicals from Hemp (Cannabis sativa) Seed Oil Processing By-products(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2023) Gumus, Z.P.; Ustun, Argon, Z.; Celenk, V.U.; Ertas, H.Cannabis is an industrial plant used in the food industry, green building industry, textile industry, cosmetic industry, and pharmaceutical industry. Hemp is an important food source that has been used for thousands of years. Technically a nut, hemp seeds contain significant amounts of fiber, lipids, protein (edestin and albumin), vitamins, tocopherols, and minerals. Hemp seed proteins are easily digested and contain all the essential amino acids in a nutritionally significant amount. Since hemp seed oil’s polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are over 80%, it is essential for human health. The fatty acids it contains are mostly linoleic acid and ?-linolenic acid. This is why hemp seed oil production has been increasing by processing oil from seeds. By-products from the oil processing process are used to enrich foods regarding the chemicals and nutritional values they contain. Hemp is a functional food because the use of seeds, oil, and the oil’s cake could be used in several industries. This chapter summarizes the chemical composition, nutritional value, and potential health benefits of hemp (Cannabis sativa) seed oil processing by-products. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.Öğe Bioactive Phytochemicals from Nigella sativa Oil Processing By-products(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2023) Ustun, Argon, Z.; Gumus, Z.P.; Celenk, V.U.; Ramadan, Hassanien, M.F.Nigella sativa (black cumin) is an annual flowering plant grown in the Middle East, Asia, and Mediterranean regions. Black cumin seeds are well known in history with their therapeutic effects in various cultures and also are used for culinary applications. Oil extraction is possible with different methods, but nowadays, the cold press method is gaining importance with the modern customers’ healthy product preferences and its by-products rich in bioactive phytochemicals. The main compounds of seedcakes are carbohydrates, proteins, minerals, fibers, flavonoids, phenolics, and vitamins. Even though the seedcakes are used only as fodder for animals, recent studies have shown the seedcakes’ potential as a value-added raw material or additives for functional food, supplements, cosmeceuticals, and pharmaceuticals with their antioxidant, antimicrobial, and nutritional effects. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.Öğe Layered Double Hydroxides (LDHs) for the Treatment and Determination of Pollutants in Water and Wastewater(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2023) Gumus, Z.P.; Erbas, Z.; Soylak, M.Detection and removal of trace amounts of toxic organic and inorganic pollutants in water and wastewater is important for the entire ecosystem. The development of new materials for the determination and removal of contaminants is constantly necessary. Layer double- hydroxides (LDHs) form a broad class of nanomaterials that represent anionic clay composite material used in research and development applications to protect the environment from pollutants. LDH structures functionalized with carbon-based materials are promising adsorbents in the extraction of organic and inorganic pollutants through adsorption and ion exchange mechanisms due to their increased versatility. This review describes recent studies on carbon-containing structure-based LDH composites used in the determination and removal of organic and inorganic pollutants in water and wastewater. Thus, it will lead to the realization of new studies for the determination and removal of different pollutants in other matrices besides water samples of LDHs. © 2023 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.Öğe Non-Food Applications of Coriander Fixed Oil(CRC Press, 2023) Ustun-Argon, Z.; Gumus, Z.P.; Yengin, C.Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) is an annual herb from the Apiaceae family. It is widely used in folk medicine and the pharmaceutical and food industries due to its phytochemical constituents and important specifications. The seeds contain 15–25% fixed oil that is rich in petroselinic, linoleic, and oleic acids, as well as sterols and essential oil. The seeds are used to treat gastrointestinal complaints such as anorexia, dyspepsia, flatulence, diarrhea, griping pain, and vomiting and are antiedemic, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, emmenagogue, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, lipolytic, and myorelaxant, and possess nerve-soothing traits. The fixed oil has a very high antioxidant effect and effectively treats various diseases. The health-promoting traits also include anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anti-QS potential. The coriander fixed oil could be used as a food preservative to expand shelf life. The oil’s main constituents could be employed in synthesizing nylon 66 polymers and in commercial surfactants, cosmetics, biodiesel fuel production, and as finishing material for wood products. © 2023 Mohamed Fawzy Ramadan; individual chapters, the contributors.
