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Öğe Effectiveness of polyethylene covers versus carbomer drops (Viscotears (R)) to prevent dry eye syndrome in the critically ill(Wiley-Blackwell, 2011) Guler, Elem Kocacal; Eser, Ismet; Egrilmez, SaitAim. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of the polyethylene covers versus carbomer eye drops to prevent dry eye syndrome in intensive care unit patients. Background. Concerns about eye care for critically ill patients remain an issue. Few studies have focused on the effect of polyethylene covers and eye drops. In addition, there are no studies comparing polyethylene covers and carbomer eye drops for critically ill patients. Design. A prospective, randomised and contralateral eye study was conducted. Methods. The study took place in an intensive care unit in 2007. Thirty-six eyes of 18 patients, who were under mechanical ventilation or unconscious for more than 24 hours in the intensive care unit, were studied. After examining the eyes of the patients with the Schirmer 1 test and fluorescein dye test, suitable patients were included in the study. One eye of the patient was randomly covered with a polyethylene cover every 12 hours, and carbomer drops were instilled on the other eye every six hours. All eyes were checked for an ocular surface abnormality by the same ophthalmologist everyday. The study interventions were continued until a defect was detected or for five days. Patients with a defect detected completed the study and were recorded as positive for the primary endpoint. Results. Carbomer drop was effective in prophylaxis of dry eye syndrome in only three of 18 patients, whereas polyethylene cover showed greater effect in 18 of 18 eyes at the end of the study (SD 0.3835, Z = -3.873, p < 0.001). A negative effect of greater rima palpebra in the resting position was observed in the efficacy of carbomer drop (r = -0.476, p < 0 05). Conclusion. This study suggests that a polyethylene cover is significantly effective in prevention of dry eye syndrome in intensive care patients. As an eye care intervention, the effectiveness of polyethylene cover should be supported by further studies. Relevance to clinical practice. This study, which is an initial step in preventing dry eye syndrome in critically ill patients, also offers a new and effective eye care method in these patients.Öğe Intensive Care Nurses' Views and Practices for Eye Care: An International Comparison(Sage Publications Inc, 2017) Guler, Elem Kocacal; Eser, Ismet; Fashafsheh, Imad Hussein DeebEye care is an important area of critical care. However, lack of eye care studies is a common issue across the globe. The aim of this study is to determine the views and practices of intensive care unit (ICU) nurses on eye care in Turkey and Palestine. This descriptive study was conducted using a self-administrated questionnaire. The data were collected from 111 nurses in nine kinds of ICUs in two education hospital. Normal saline (75.9%) was the most commonly reported solution for eye hygiene among the Palestinian nurses, and gauze soaked in normal saline or sterile water (64.3%) were the most frequently used supplies by the Turkish nurses. Although both Palestinian and Turkish ICU nurses took some precautions to prevent eye complications in critical patients, there were some gaps and insufficiencies in the eye care of ICU patients. There is a need for continuing training in this area.Öğe Investigation of sleep quality, quality of life, anxiety and depression in patients with diabetes mellitus(Springer India, 2015) Yucel, Sebnem Cinar; Guler, Elem Kocacal; Ak, IpekThis study was undertaken to determine sleep quality and quality of life, anxiety and depression in patients with type 2 diabetes in a Turkish university hospital in 2010. "The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)", "the Short Form-36 Quality of Life Scale" (SF36), "Beck Depression Inventory" (BDI), "Beck Anxiety Inventory" (BAI) and self-designed questionnaires were used. Sleep quality was bad in 67.9 % of the patients. The total mean for patients' PSQI score was calculated as 6.41 +/- 2.79. Analyzing the sections of the SF36, the mean score for functional condition was 51.99 +/- 25.09, 50.76 +/- 1.29 for well-being, 47.98 +/- 14.78 for sense of life and 50.24 +/- 1.49 for global life quality. The mean incidence of depression in patients was 6.35 +/- 4.08, and mean frequency of anxiety was 7.81 +/- 3.98. There was a significant difference between PSQI, BDI and BAI when patients' age, duration of disease, and chronic overlapping diseases were considered. To conclude, in the majority of type 2 diabetic patients (67.9 %) we determined poor quality of sleep and mild depression and anxiety. Understanding sleep disorders, anxiety and depression in type 2 diabetic patients will help in the management of the disease and the enhancement of quality of life. Most nurses are aware of diabetes inpatients' poor sleep quality, high level of anxiety and depression.Öğe Investigation of sleep quality, quality of life, anxiety and depression in patients with diabetes mellitus(Springer India, 2015) Yucel, Sebnem Cinar; Guler, Elem Kocacal; Ak, IpekThis study was undertaken to determine sleep quality and quality of life, anxiety and depression in patients with type 2 diabetes in a Turkish university hospital in 2010. "The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)", "the Short Form-36 Quality of Life Scale" (SF36), "Beck Depression Inventory" (BDI), "Beck Anxiety Inventory" (BAI) and self-designed questionnaires were used. Sleep quality was bad in 67.9 % of the patients. The total mean for patients' PSQI score was calculated as 6.41 +/- 2.79. Analyzing the sections of the SF36, the mean score for functional condition was 51.99 +/- 25.09, 50.76 +/- 1.29 for well-being, 47.98 +/- 14.78 for sense of life and 50.24 +/- 1.49 for global life quality. The mean incidence of depression in patients was 6.35 +/- 4.08, and mean frequency of anxiety was 7.81 +/- 3.98. There was a significant difference between PSQI, BDI and BAI when patients' age, duration of disease, and chronic overlapping diseases were considered. To conclude, in the majority of type 2 diabetic patients (67.9 %) we determined poor quality of sleep and mild depression and anxiety. Understanding sleep disorders, anxiety and depression in type 2 diabetic patients will help in the management of the disease and the enhancement of quality of life. Most nurses are aware of diabetes inpatients' poor sleep quality, high level of anxiety and depression.Öğe Investigation of sleep quality, quality of life, anxiety and depression in patients with diabetes mellitus(Springer India, 2015) Yucel, Sebnem Cinar; Guler, Elem Kocacal; Ak, IpekThis study was undertaken to determine sleep quality and quality of life, anxiety and depression in patients with type 2 diabetes in a Turkish university hospital in 2010. "The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)", "the Short Form-36 Quality of Life Scale" (SF36), "Beck Depression Inventory" (BDI), "Beck Anxiety Inventory" (BAI) and self-designed questionnaires were used. Sleep quality was bad in 67.9 % of the patients. The total mean for patients' PSQI score was calculated as 6.41 +/- 2.79. Analyzing the sections of the SF36, the mean score for functional condition was 51.99 +/- 25.09, 50.76 +/- 1.29 for well-being, 47.98 +/- 14.78 for sense of life and 50.24 +/- 1.49 for global life quality. The mean incidence of depression in patients was 6.35 +/- 4.08, and mean frequency of anxiety was 7.81 +/- 3.98. There was a significant difference between PSQI, BDI and BAI when patients' age, duration of disease, and chronic overlapping diseases were considered. To conclude, in the majority of type 2 diabetic patients (67.9 %) we determined poor quality of sleep and mild depression and anxiety. Understanding sleep disorders, anxiety and depression in type 2 diabetic patients will help in the management of the disease and the enhancement of quality of life. Most nurses are aware of diabetes inpatients' poor sleep quality, high level of anxiety and depression.Öğe Knowledge and practice of intensive care nurses for endotracheal suctioning in a teaching hospital in western Turkey(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2017) Maras, Gul Bulbul; Guler, Elem Kocacal; Eser, Ismet; Kose, SukranObjectives: This study was conducted to determine intensive care nurses' knowledge and practice levels regarding open system endotracheal suctioning and to investigate if there is a relationship between nurses' demographic characteristics and their knowledge and practice. Research methodology/design: The study was conducted as a cross-sectional and non-participant structured observational design. Data were collected using a 45-item structured and self-administered questionnaire and a 31-item observational checklist. The study sample included 72 nurses. Setting: Three adult intensive care units in a teaching hospital. Results: The nurses' mean scores of knowledge and practice were 23.79 +/- 3.83 and 12.88 +/- 2.53. Their level of knowledge was very good in 59.7%, good in 34.7%, and the level of practice was fair in 79.2% and good in 18.1%. The relationship between the type of unit and the nurses' knowledge scores was statistically significant (p = 0.013). The correlation between the nurses' scores of knowledge and practice was not statistically significant (r = 0.220; p = 0.063). Conclusion: This study suggests that the knowledge level of most of the nurses was good and their practice level was fair. Intensive care nurses must perform suctioning procedures safely and effectively to ensure delivery of quality of care and eliminate complications. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. Alt rights reserved.Öğe Nurses can play an active role in the early diagnosis of exposure keratopathy in intensive care patients(Wiley, 2018) Guler, Elem Kocacal; Eser, Ismet; Egrilmez, SaitAimThis study was conducted in order to determine nurses' ability to diagnose exposure keratopathy reliably in the early stage in intensive care patients. MethodsThis methodological and descriptive study was carried out between 2011 and 2012 in the Neurology and Anesthesiology and Reanimation Intensive Care Units of a teaching hospital in western Turkey. The sample consisted of 4354 ocular assessments in 156 corneas of 78 patients. A patient identification form and a fluorescein test patient tracking chart were used in the data collection. The corneas of the patients were checked by a fluorescein dye test by the same nurse and ophthalmologist. ResultsThe mean age of the patients was 59 15.5 years and 47.4% of them were female. The consistency between the nurse and the ophthalmologist was almost perfect in terms of determining the presence of exposure keratopathy, characteristics, and the grade of corneal staining. Exposure keratopathy was detected at a rate of 2% by the ophthalmologist. A significant relationship was found between the presence of lagophthalmos and the development of exposure keratopathy. A positive correlation was found between the grade of corneal staining and the degree of the eyelid position of the patients and the duration of mechanical ventilation therapy. ConclusionAfter eye care and assessment training, intensive care nurses can play an effective role in detecting early-stage exposure keratopathy in intensive care patients.Öğe Nursing diagnoses in elderly residents of a nursing home: A case in Turkey(Elsevier Science Inc, 2012) Guler, Elem Kocacal; Eser, Ismet; Khorshid, Leyla; Yucel, Sebnem CinarThere are limited studies on nursing diagnoses of the elderly living in nursing homes worldwide. This study aimed to define the most frequent nursing diagnoses in the elderly residents of a nursing home elder care and rehabilitation center. Seventy-four elderly individuals were included in the study. Data were collected using the "Elderly Individual's Introduction Form" between April 2007 to August 2007. The content of the form was based on a guide to gerontologic assessment, and Gordon's Functional Health Patterns. The nursing diagnoses (NANDA-I Taxonomy II) were identified by the 2 researchers separately according to the defining characteristics and the risk factors. The consistency between the nursing diagnoses defined by the 2 researchers was evaluated using Cohen's kappa (kappa). There was an 84.7% agreement about nursing diagnoses defined by the 2 researchers separately. The weighted kappa consistency analyses showed there was an adequate level of consistency (kappa = 0.710), and the findings were significant ( p < 0.0001). The most frequent diagnoses were ineffective role performance (86.5%), ineffective health maintenance (81.2%), risk for falls (77%), and impaired physical mobility (73%). The diagnosis of ineffective role performance was more frequent in patients with dementia (x(2) =10.993, df = 1, p = 0.001). There was a very significant relationship between dementia and the diagnosis of impaired verbal communication (x(2) = 32.718, df = 1, p = 0.0001). The relationship between mobility disorder and self-care deficit was also significant (x(2) = 19.411, df = 1, p = 0.0001). To improve quality in patient care, nurses should use nursing diagnoses with a systematic assessment and should help the elderly in health promotion or use of the maximum current potential.Öğe Nursing diagnoses in patients having mechanical ventilation support in a respiratory intensive care unit in Turkey(Wiley, 2011) Cinar, Sebnem; Eser, Ismet; Guler, Elem Kocacal; Khorshid, LeylaThis research was carried out to find out the nursing diagnoses in patients who have mechanical ventilation support in a respiratory intensive care unit. The study was conducted with 51 evaluations of critically ill adult patients who underwent invasive and non-invasive mechanical ventilation therapy in 2008. Data collection was based on Gordon's 11 Functional Health Patterns, and nursing diagnoses were determined according to North American Nursing Diagnosis Association-International (NANDA-I) Taxonomy II. The nursing diagnoses were determined by two researchers separately. The consistency between the nursing diagnoses defined by the two researchers was evaluated by using Cohen's kappa (kappa). Forty men (78.4%) and 11 women (21.6%) whose mean ages were 70.19 (SD = 8.96) years were included in the study. Nineteen subgroups of nursing diagnoses about safety/protection domain, and 15 subgroups about activity/rest domain were seen at different rates in the patients. There was a statistically significant difference between mechanical ventilation via tracheostomy or endotracheal tube and decreased cardiac output (d.f. = 1, chi(2) = 4.760, P = 0.029). The relationship between the length of time under mechanical ventilation and impaired physical mobility was considerably significant (d.f. = 3, chi(2) = 24.459, P = 0.000). It was found out that there was a high degree of agreement (96.8%) between the nursing diagnoses defined by the two researchers separately (kappa = 0.936, SE = 0.08).
