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    The effects of female age on the outcome of testicular sperm extraction and intracytoplasmic sperm injection in infertile patients with azoospermia
    (Akademiai Kiado Rt., 2002) Altay B.; KefI A.; Tavmergen E.; ÇIkIlI N.; Semerci B.; Goker E.T.
    Introduction: Testicular sperm extraction (TESE) is well-defined procedure for surgical sperm retrieval in obstructive and non-obstructive azoospermia. This study was focused on the effectiveness of testicular sperm extraction and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) for azoospermic men with different female age subgroups. Materials and methods: A total of 107 men with azoospermia underwent TESE and ICSI treatment. The women were examined in three groups 20-29, 30-34 and 35 years or older. The main outcome in this study was fertilization and pregnancy rates with TESE and ICSI. Results: Spermatozoa were successfully retrieved during 97 of 107 (90.7%) TESE attempts, resulting in the fertilization of 286 of 563 (50.4%) injected metaphase II oocytes. Two hundred and fifty-five of them were transferred (89.8%). The clinical pregnancy rate and ongoing pregnancy rate per embryo transfer were 22.5% and 20.6% respectively. When comparing the fertilization and pregnancy rates, it was observed that women between the ages of 20-29 years had significantly higher pregnancy rates than women over 34 years of age (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The female age is a major factor in determining successful implantation in ICSI.
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    In vitro fertilization-induced pregnancies predispose to gastroesophageal reflux disease
    (SAGE Publications Ltd, 2016) Turan I.; Kitapcioglu G.; Goker E.T.; Sahin G.; Bor S.
    Background: Women conceiving following in vitro fertilization (IVF) likely have a variety of risk factors that predispose them to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in the future. Objective: We aimed to investigate whether pregnancy through IVF may predispose to subsequent GERD compared with pregnancies without IVF. We also evaluate whether twin IVF pregnancies lead to additional risk for having GERD compared with singleton IVF pregnancies. Methods: A validated reflux questionnaire was administered to 156 women with singleton (n=102) or twin (n=54) IVF birth (IVF group) and 111 women with a naturally conceived singleton birth (control group). All women included in the study were primiparas who had given birth at least 1 year prior to data collection. The diagnosis of GERD was based on the occurrence of typical symptoms (heartburn, regurgitation, or both) at least once a week. Results: The prevalence of GERD was 13.5% and 4.5% in IVF and control groups (p=0.015); in the IVF group, this was slightly higher, but not statistically significant, in women with twin compared with singleton pregnancies (14.8% vs. 12.7%, p=0.749). Logistic regression analysis showed that IVF was strongly associated with subsequent GERD (OR, 3.30; 95% CI 1.20–9.04; p=0.02). Conclusion: The risk of developing GERD at least 1 year after delivery increased following IVF. Long-term follow-up studies are required to determine whether therapy during pregnancy can prevent this risk. © Author(s) 2016.