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    In vitro susceptibility of respiratory isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes to telithromycin and 11 other antimicrobial agents: Turkish results of e-BASKETT-II surveillance study [Solunum yolu enfeksi·yonu etkenleri· Streptococcus pneumoniae ve Streptococcus pyogenes'i·n teli·tromi·si·n ve 11 anti·mi·krobi·k i·laca i·n vi·tro duyarliligi: E-BASKETT-II sürveyans çalişmasinin türki·ye sonuçlari]
    (2007) Gür D.; Mülazimoglu L.; Ünal S.; Balik I.; Azap A.; Öztürk R.; Yilmaz M.; Yaman A.; Saltoglu N.; Ayaz C.; Çakir N.; Yüce A.; Özinel Ma.; Sümerkan B.; Arslan H.; Arman D.; Zarakolu P.; Ersoy Y.; Firat M.; Eraksoy H.; Çagatay A.; Köksal I.; Çaylan R.; Vahaboglu H.; Willke A.; Korten V.; Leblebicioglu H.; Günaydin M.; Usluer G.; Özgüneş I.; Gedikoglu S.; Özakin C.
    In respiratory tract infections, therapy is often empirical and there is a need for local data on the rate of resistance to available antimicrobials. In this multicentre study which is a part of the international e-BASKETT-II surveillance study, respiratory isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae (n=260) and Streptococcus pyogenes (n=312) collected between September 2002 and June 2003 from 18 hospitals in Turkey were tested against penicillin G, amoxicillin, cefuroxime, ceftriaxone, erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin, clindamycin, telithromycin, tetracycline, levofloxacin and vancomycin. Antibiotic susceptibilities were determined with disk diffusion method and confirmed with broth dilution method following the CLSI guidelines. Isolates which were resistant to erythromycin were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction. In S.pneumoniae 11.5% of the isolates were highly and 22.7% were intermediately resistant to penicillin. Rate of resistance to erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin was 17.3%, and 21.5% of the isolates were resistant to tetracycline. Resistance to levofloxacin and vancomycin was not observed and only one isolate was found intermediately resistant (MIC=2µg/mL) to telithromycin. Genotypes in erythromycin-resistant isolates were ermB (77.8%), mefA (17.8%) and ermB+mefA (2.2%). S.pyogenes isolates were uniformly susceptible to beta-lactams and vancomycin, and only one isolate was intermediately resistant to levofloxacin. Macrolide resistance was observed in 1.3% of the isolates and three out of these harboured the mefA gene. One isolate with an MIC of 4µg/mL for telithromycin had ermB gene. Telithromycin has demonstrated a good in vitro activity against macrolide-resistant respiratory tract isolates. As a result, e-BASKETT-II surveillance study has been one of the most extensive in vitro studies comparing telithromycin to available antimicrobial agents for respiratory tract infections in Turkey.
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    Salmonella enterica serotypes and Salmonella infections: A multicenter study covering ten provinces in Turkey [Salmonella enterica serotipleri ve Salmonella enfeksiyonlari: Türkiye'de on ili kapsayan çok merkezli bir çalişma]
    (2004) Erdem B.; Hasçlik G.; Gedikoglu S.; Gür D.; Ercis S.; Sümerkan B.; Aysev A.D.; Tuncer I.; Tugrul M.; Tatman Otkun M.; Tünger A.; Akgün Y.; Acar N.; Köksal I.; Gültekin M.; Söyletir G.; Elhan A.
    In order to find the distinctive features of Salmonellae and Salmonella infections in Turkey, 620 Salmonellae strains, isolated from various clinical samples (481 stool, 108 blood, 12 urine, 3 bone marrow, 3 cerebrospinal fluid, 9 pus, and one from each of the bile, pleural fluid, wound, catheter samples) in 13 clinical microbiology laboratories of 10 provinces in Turkey (Ankara, Antalya, Bursa, Edirne, Eskişehir, İstanbul, İzmir, Kayseri, Konya and Trabzon) between July 1, 2000 and June 30, 2002, were serotyped. Among the patients 43% were female, 57% were male, 63.2% were from outpatient clinics and 36.8% were hospitalized patients. Seventy eight percent of the patients had gastroenteritis, 10.7% had septicemia/local infection, 9.8% had typhoid/ paratyphoid fever and 1.5% were carriers. Incidence of gastroenteritis was higher in 0-5 years age group (p<0.001). Of the 620 Salmonella enterica isolates, 47.7% were S.Enteritidis, 34.7% S.Typhimurium, 6% S.Paratyphi B, 2.9% S.Typhi, 0.2% S.Paratyphi A, 6.1% serogroup C1, and 2.4% serogroup C2. S.Enteritidis was the most common serotype in all provinces except for Kayseri, where S.Typhimurium was found to be the most common serotype (68.2%). Overall, the most frequently isolated serotype was S.Enteritidis, also being the most common serotype in stool and blood cultures. During the surveillance period two outbreaks have occurred, the first one by S.Enteritidis strains in Edirne, and the second one by S.Typhimurium strains in Kayseri. As a result, Salmonella infections are still a common health problem in Turkey, and active surveillance of Salmonella infections has vital importance.