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Öğe Genetic characterization of Bartonella henselae samples isolated from stray cats by multi-locus sequence typing(BioMed Central Ltd, 2023) Can, H.; Güvendi, M.; Sürgeç, E.; Köseoğlu, A.E.; Erkunt, Alak, S.; Karakavuk, M.; Gül, A.Background: Bartonella henselae is one of the most commonly identified Bartonella species associated with several human diseases. Although B. henselae was detected in humans and cats in Turkey, they have not been genotyped previously. Therefore, this study aimed to genotype B. henselae samples (n = 44) isolated from stray cats using the multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) method. For this aim, eight different housekeeping markers were amplified by nested PCR and then sequenced to reveal sequence types (STs) of B. henselae samples. Results: Allelic profiles obtained from 40 B. henselae isolates (90.9%) were compatible with available allelic profiles in the MLST online database. However, allelic profiles obtained from the remaining 4 B. henselae isolates (9.1%) were incompatible with the database. Among B. henselae isolates with compatible allelic profiles, 5 different STs including ST1, ST5, ST9, ST35 and ST36 were identified according to the B. henselae MLST online database. ST35 was the most prevalent ST with a prevalence rate of 29.5% (13/44), followed by ST36 with a prevalence rate of 22.7% (10/44). In addition, ST5 (16%, 7/44) and ST9 (18.2%, 8/44) were also among the prevalent STs. The prevalence of ST1 was 4.5% (2/44). For B. henselae isolates with incompatible allelic profiles, we recommended a new ST called ST38. Conclusion: The present study genotyped B. henselae samples isolated from stray cats in Turkey for the first time and ST1, ST5, ST9, ST35, and ST36 as well as a new sequence type named ST38 were identified among these B. henselae isolates. © 2023, BioMed Central Ltd., part of Springer Nature.Öğe Importance of screening severe COVID-19 patients for IFN-?1, IL-6 and anti-S1 IgG levels(Academic Press, 2023) Kenanoğlu, O.B.; Gül, A.; Can, H.; Karakavuk, M.; Erkunt, Alak, S.; Korukluoğlu, G.; Altaş, A.B.Cytokine storm is an important cause of death in COVID-19 patients. A recent clinical study showed that administration of recombinant interferon lambda 1 (IFN-?1 or IL-29) may prevent severe COVID-19. On the other hand, IL-6 has been associated as a prognostic marker of worsening for COVID-19 patients. The objective of this study is to screen IFN-?1, IL-6 and antibody levels in consecutive serum sample sets of COVID-19 patients. A total of 365 serum samples collected from 208 hospitalized COVID-19 patients were analyzed for IFN-?1 and IL-6 levels as well as SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies and anti-S1 IgG antibodies. Analyses of serum samples for cytokine levels showed that IFN-?1 (>8 pg/mL) and IL-6 (>2 pg/mL) were detected in approximately 64% and 21% patients, respectively. A decrement in IFN-?1 levels and IL-6 levels above 35 pg/mL can be sign of clinical severity and upcoming dead. An increment in IL-6 levels wasn't detected in every COVID-19 patient but a decrement in IL-6 levels was related to clinical improvement. Importantly, the detection of IFN-?1 level together with an increase in anti-S1 IgG antibody response were observed in clinically improved patients. Screening severe COVID-19 patients for IFN-?1, IL-6, and anti-S1 IgG antibody levels during their hospital stay especially in intensive care units may be beneficial to monitor the clinical status and management of treatment strategies. Importantly, detection of IFN-?1 together with protective IgG antibody response can be an indication of clinical improvement in severe COVID-19 patients and these patients may be discharged from the hospital soon. © 2023 Elsevier LtdÖğe The Importance of Vaccines in a Sustainable Healthy Society(Springer International Publishing, 2023) Gül, A.; Alak, S.E.; Can, H.; Ün, C.; Gül, C.; Karakavuk, T.B.; Karakavuk, M.A sustainable society is a community that can live within the frame of the ecosystem. If the actions that put excessive burden on the ecosystem can be resolved, sustainable society can be preserved as a collective and ongoing entity. New o utbreaks are emerging at an unprecedented rate, causing serious damage to sustainable society. Pandemic outbreaks have often emerged in an unpredictable manner and are a major obstacle to a sustainable society because of increase in use of non- recyclable waste and disposable goods. In addition, increase in unemployment, insufficient education, and decreased interpersonal communication during the outbreaks negatively impact sustainable society. Vaccines have the power to support sustainable development goals by creating herd immunity in societies, which reduces the incidence of disease, prevents transmission, and reduces the social and economic burden of the disease. High vaccination coverage can effectively combat the outbreaks, prevent secondary infection waves, and control seasonal endemic outbreaks of infection which in turn supports sustainable society. This effect of vaccines has been showed in history by eliminating diseases like smallpox and polio and combatting all other vaccine-preventable diseases. In this section, we highlighted the importance of the vaccines for a sustainable society in terms of health perspectives. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023.Öğe Optimization of suitable tests for rapid screening of tomato genotypes for drought stre ss tolerance at seed germination and vegetative development stages(Ege Universitesi, 2022) Altunlu, H.; Çoban, G.A.; Gül, A.Objective: This study was conducted to determine the suitability of drought stress induced by PEG-6000 for rapid screening of tomato genetic resources against drought stress. Material and Methods: Two cultivars; M28 F1 and Alyans F1 known as tolerant and sensitive, respectively; were tested. In seed germination test, two different PEG concentrations (4% and 6%) were compared with the control. The seedling stage test was performed in water culture. In this experiment, (1) bare rooted seedlings of which rooting medium were removed and (2) seedlings with rooting medium were used. Drought dose was ?s= -1.0 MPa (full dose) and gradually increased (-0.25, -0.50, -0.75 and -1.0 MPa) every 48 hours from 7 days after planting. Results: In seed germination test, the decrease in vigour index under drought stress was lower in M28 variety. In water culture, stress symptoms appeared slowly if the seedlings with rooting medium were used. The decrease in plant growth characteristics, and chloropyll, carotenoid and relative water content and increase in proline content under stress were lower in M28 Conclusion: It was concluded that the seed germination test by 4% PEG-6000 and water culture in which the drought stress was created by PEG-6000 (?s= -1.0 MPa) can be used to screen tomato genetic matierials for drought stress tolerance. © 2022 Journal of Agriculture Faculty of Ege University. All right reserved.Öğe A preliminary study to develop a lateral flow assay using recombinant GRA1 protein for the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in stray cats(Elsevier Ltd, 2023) Değirmenci, Döşkaya, A.; Can, H.; Gül, A.; Karakavuk, T.; Güvendi, M.; Karakavuk, M.; Gül, C.Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite that may infect many mammals including humans. Cats are one of the main sources of infection for humans. Therefore, routine screening of cats with tests that are inexpensive, rapid, and do not require sophisticated laboratory equipment is important. In this study, a lateral flow assay (LFA) was designed to rapidly diagnose toxoplasmosis in cats. For this purpose, we selected GRA1 protein of T. gondii due to its high antigenicity in diagnostic and vaccine studies. We further analyzed the immunological properties of GRA1 protein using in silico tools. Then, we expressed and purified recombinant GRA1 (rGRA1) protein and used it during the development of LFA to detect toxoplasmosis in serum samples (n = 40) of cats. According to the results, rGRA1 protein has negative GRAVY value, high aliphatic index, alpha helix, random coil and 12 B cell epitopes. The in silico data supported the high antigenic properties of rGRA1 protein and showed that it can be a good antigen candidate for LFA. Among 30 cat positive serum samples, 27 were found positive by the LFA while seronegative sera (n = 10) were negative by the LFA. The preliminary data showed that the LFA has high sensitivity (90 %) and specificity (100 %). When we used high responsive cat sera (i.e. sera that have optical density > 0.5 with ELISA) the sensitivity value reached 100 %. These results showed that rGRA1 protein is a good candidate to develop a LFA for rapid diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in cats. © 2023 Elsevier LtdÖğe Toxoplasma gondii destroys Her2/Neu-expressing mammary cancer cells in vitro using a continuous feed medium approach(NLM (Medline), 2020) Atalay Şahar, E.; Döşkaya, M.; Karakavuk, M.; Can, H.; Gül, A.; Gürüz, A.Y.; Yeniay, L.INTRODUCTION: Toxoplasma gondii is an opportunistic protozoan and can be grown using several human cell lines. Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in women. Her2/Neu-expressing mammary cancer cell lines called TUBO can be grown in vitro. In recent years, protozoan parasites have become popular means of use in cancer therapy research. In this study, we analyzed whether T. gondii tachyzoites can destroy TUBO cells using a novel continuous feed medium approach. METHODOLOGY: Two sets of flasks (each containing four groups) containing TUBO cells were inoculated with T. gondii Ankara strain tachyzoites. First set containing 5×106 TUBO cells were inoculated with TUBO-tachyzoite ratios of 1:2, 1:1, 2:1, and 4:1 and second set containing 1×106 TUBO cells were inoculated with TUBO-tachyzoite ratios of 10:1, 100:1, 1000:1, and 2000:1. Thereafter, culture supernatants were harvested at various days until TUBO cells were destroyed and tachyzoites were counted. RESULTS: In the first and second sets of flasks, TUBO cells were destroyed between days 8 to 12 and 12 to 25, respectively. In addition, the amount of tachyzoites increased 7- 43 and 595 to 112500 times in the first and second set of flasks, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: These results show that T. gondii tachyzoites successfully destroy Her2/Neu-expressing mammary cancer cells using a continuous feed medium approach. Although this idea may be too premature for the moment, the approach defined herein may support future researchers investigating the relationship between cancer and parasites which can make important progress toward saving cancer patient lives. Copyright (c) 2020 Esra Atalay Sahar, Mert Doskaya, Muhammet Karakavuk, Huseyin Can, Aytul Gul, Adnan Yuksel Guruz, Aysu Degirmenci Doskaya, Levent Yeniay.Öğe Ülkemiz seracılığına uygun topraksız yetiştirme sistemlerinin geliştirilmesi üzerinde araştırmalar(Ege Üniversitesi, 2001) Gül, A.; Gül, A.[Abstract Not Available]
