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Öğe Analysis of the effect of lying on the ear on body temperature measurement using a tympanic thermometer(Pakistan Medical Assoc, 2011) Arslan, Gulsah Gurol; Eser, Ismet; Khorshid, LeylaObjectives: To evaluate the impact of lying on the ear on the measurement of body temperature by a tympanic thermometer. Methods: Participants in the study were healthy young people of the Nursing Department of the College of Health, Izmir, Turkey. Sixty-eight participants who agreed to participate, and who had no discharge or infection of the ear and no upper respiratory tract infection, were included in the study. Immediately after the first temperature reading, measurement had been performed five times. Non-probability sampling method was used and the study was conducted in January 2007. Results: Tympanic thermometer body temperature results were significantly higher (p<0.05) when measurements were taken following lying on the ear compared to those when the subject did not lie on the ear prior to temperature measurement. Conclusions: There are significant differences in tympanic temperature caused by the subject lying on his or her ear. This is important to keep in mind during health workers' assessments. Keywords: Tympanic membrane, Temperature, Turkey (JPMA 61: 1065; 2011).Öğe Assessment of individualized nursing care in hospitalized patients in a university hospital in Turkey(Wiley, 2016) Ceylan, Burcu; Eser, IsmetAim This study was planned to evaluate the perceptions of individualised nursing care of hospitalised patients in an orthopaedics and traumatology clinic. Background Nurses who have adopted the individualised care approach are aware that their patients are unique individuals in their own right and plan their programme of care together with the patient, taking into consideration the patient's own experiences, behaviour, thoughts and perceptions. Method The sample in this cross-sectional study consisted of 151 patients. Patients' awareness and perception about individualised nursing care was evaluated using an Individualised Care Scale. Result The mean score of the study population in the Individualised Care Scale-A section was 3.41 +/- 1.23; the mean score in the Individualised Care Scale-B section was 3.72 +/- 1.15. No significant association was found between Individualised Care Scale and the subscales in terms of the patients' gender, age, education, employment, the presence of a history of hospitalisation, the existence of a chronic illness and self-sufficiency. Conclusion Patients had lower levels of awareness and perception about nursing actions designed to support patients' individuality in their personal life situations. Implications for Nursing Management In order for nursing care to be wholly individualised, nurses should not overlook patients' individuality in their personal life situations.Öğe Comparison of the effectiveness of the virtual simulator and video-assisted teaching on intravenous catheter insertion skills and self-confidence: A quasi-experimental study(Churchill Livingstone, 2020) Ismailoglu, Elif Gunay; Orkun, Nilay; Eser, Ismet; Zaybak, AytenBackground: With the advancement of technology, methods such as clinical scenarios, role playing, video demonstration and simulation are now used to develop psychomotor skills in nursing education. Virtual reality and video-assisted teaching are useful technologies for the development of skills and self-confidence. in the literature, there is a lack of studies comparing the effects of the two methods. Objectives: the aim of study is to compare the effect of the virtual simulator and video assisted teaching on the level of intravenous catheterization skills and self-confidence of nursing students. Thus, students are enabled to develop skills and work efficiently without the need for an instructor. Methods: This study was a randomized controlled quasi-experimental study. A total of 60 students was included in the study (30 in the virtual simulator group and 30 in the video group). in the virtual simulator group, each student performed an intravenous catheter insertion in the virtual intravenous simulator. in the video group, each student watched a training video on the peripheral intravenous catheterization skill in a classroom setting. Each of the students' level of intravenous catheterization knowledge, psychomotor skill and self-confidence score was evaluated. Results: Post-test knowledge scores was higher than pretest knowledge scores for both groups. There were no significant difference between the groups in terms of post-test scores. Students' scores of psychomotor skills were found to be higher in the virtual simulator group and self-confidence scores were similar in both groups. Conclusion: Teaching with the virtual simulator contributed to the students' skills more than the method used in the video training. Both methods are effective in the development of knowledge and self-confidence related to intravenous catheterization.Öğe Cultural Validation of the "Use of Intuition by Nursing Students Scale - Turkish version"(Sage Publications Inc, 2012) Demir, Yurdanur; Denat, Yildiz; Khorshid, Leyla; Eser, IsmetPurpose: It is well known that intuition ability directly affects patient care quality and outcomes in nursing practice and is therefore an important aspect of nursing education. This study tests the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Scale of Use of Intuition by Nursing Students. Design and Methods: The sample for this methodological study was composed of 250 nursing students. Each item of the scale was translated into Turkish by the researchers and validated for Turkish use. Results: The item-total correlation was between .30 and .56 and its Cronbach alpha coefficient was .86. There was a statistically significant positive relationship between the level of clinical experience and the total points scored on the physical awareness, emotional awareness, and physical sensations subscales and from the total scale. Conclusions: Based on these results, the Turkish version of the Scale of Use of Intuition by Nursing Students is valid and reliable.Öğe Does obesity prevent the needle from reaching muscle in intramuscular injections?(Blackwell Publishing, 2007) Zaybak, Ayten; Gunes, Ulku Yapucu; Tamsel, Sadik; Khorshid, Leyla; Eser, IsmetAim. This paper is a report of a study to measure subcutaneous tissue thickness at the dorsogluteal and ventrogluteal sites and to determine optimal needle length for dorsogluteal and ventrogluteal intramuscular injections in adults with a body mass index of more than 24.9 kg/m(2). Background. Problems can arise if drugs designed to be absorbed from muscle are only delivered into subcutaneous tissue. Increasing obesity in all developed and many developing countries makes this an increasing concern. Methods. Ultrasound measurements were made of the subcutaneous tissue of overweight, obese and extremely obese people at the dorsogluteal and ventrogluteal sites with the probe held at a 90 degrees angle to the plane of the injection site. Subcutaneous tissue thickness was measured in 119 adults whose body mass index was >= 25 kg/m(2). The data were collected in 2005-2006. Results. Mean subcutaneous tissue thickness at the dorsogluteal site was 34.5 mm for overweight adults, 40.2 mm for obese adults and 51.4 mm for extremely obese adults, and at the ventrogluteal site was 38.2 mm for overweight adults, 43.1 mm for obese adults and 53.8 mm for extremely obese adults. Conclusions. Intramuscular injections administered at the dorsogluteal site in 98% of women and 37% of men, and at the ventrogluteal site in 97% of women and 57% of men, would not reach the muscles of the buttock. A needle longer that 1.5 inches should be used in women whose body mass index is more than 24.9 kg/m(2), the dorsogluteal site may be used in all overweight and obese men, and the ventrogluteal site may be used in overweight men only.Öğe The Effect of Abdominal Massage on Gastric Residual Volume A Randomized Controlled Trial(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2012) Uysal, Nurcan; Eser, Ismet; Akpinar, HaleThis study is a randomized controlled trial aimed at determining the effects of abdominal massage on high gastric residual volume seen in patients intermittently fed with enteral nutrition through a nasogastric tube. The study also investigated consequent abdominal distension and vomiting complications. The study was carried out in a university hospital between January and December 2009. The sample included 40 intervention (abdominal massage) and 40 control subjects. Findings demonstrated that 2.5% of the subjects in the massage group and 30.0% of the subjects in the control group developed high gastric residual volume from enteral nutrition through a nasogastric tube. Abdominal circumference measurements of subjects on the first and last days demonstrated that 20% of the subjects in the control group and only 2.5% of the subjects in the massage group developed abdominal distension (p = .044). Vomiting was observed in 10% of the control subjects; no vomiting was observed in the intervention group. Findings suggest that nurses should apply abdominal massage to subjects receiving enteral feedings intermittently to prevent high gastric residual volume and abdominal distension.Öğe Effect of an Audible Alarm on the Fluid Consumption of Older Adults Living in a Nursing Home: A Randomized Controlled Trial(Slack Inc, 2022) Cetin, Perihan; Eser, IsmetThe aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of an audible alarm on fluid consumption among older adults living in a nursing home. This single-blind, randomized controlled, prospective experimental study was performed between July 27, 2017, and February 1, 2018. This study comprised 100 participants (inter-vention group, n = 50; control group, n = 50). The amount of fluid consumed by older adults in the intervention group in relation to the audible alarm increased sig-nificantly compared to the control group, and the deficiency of fluid consumption decreased. It was determined that the wristwatch with audible alarm was effective when used as a reminder to increase fluid consumption among older adults with fluid deficiency. [Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 48(9), 39-46.] liquid al., of sidering dehydrated, they they 2019; & forgettingÖğe Effect of an oral care bundle on salivary pH, dry mouth and ventilator-associated pneumonia in intubated patients: a randomized controlled trial(Bmc, 2026) Aktan, Gul Gunes; Eser, Ismet; Uyar, MehmetBackground More serious and costly problems can be prevented with systematic and holistic oral care, which seems to be less important among nursing practices. Objectives To determine the effectiveness of oral care bundle on oral health, saliva volume, saliva pH and VAP in intubated patients. Methods This randomized controlled trial data was collected between January and December 2021 in the Anesthesiology and Reanimation ICUs at a university hospital. Patients were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. While routine oral care was applied to the control group (abeslang wrapped in gauze), the intervention group was given care with the oral care bundle created by the researchers (brushing teeth, applying ice water, moisturizing). The primary outcome was the oral health score (BOE), and the primary endpoint was defined as the BOE score at Day 5. Secondary outcomes included saliva volume, salivary pH, ventilator-associated pneumonia. Repeated measures were analyzed using two-way repeated measures ANOVA for normally distributed variables and the Brunner-Langer model for non-normally distributed data. Results A total of 35 patients were analyzed (intervention: n = 17; control: n = 18). A significant group & times; time interaction was observed for the BOE score (p < 0.001), indicating an improvement in oral health over time in the intervention group compared with the control group. Similarly, a significant group & times; time interaction was found for saliva volume (p < 0.001). For salivary pH, a statistically significant interaction was also observed (p < 0.001); however, these findings should be interpreted with caution due to the subjective nature of the measurement method. Although the incidence of VAP and bacterial growth tended to be lower in the intervention group, the differences were not statistically significant between groups. Conclusions The intervention improved oral health outcomes in intubated ICU patients, particularly in terms of BOE score and saliva volume. However, findings related to salivary pH and VAP should be interpreted with caution due to methodological limitations and limited statistical power. Further studies with larger samples and more objective measurement methods are needed.Öğe The effect of different body positions on blood pressure(Wiley, 2007) Eser, Ismet; Khorshid, Leyla; Gunes, Ulku Yapucu; Demir, YurdanurAim. The aim of the present study was to test the effects of different body on BP readings in a Turkish healthy young adults. Background. It is known that many factors influence an individual's blood pressure measurement. However, guideliness for accurately measuring blood pressure inconsistently specify that patient's position and they should keep feet flat on the floor. Although there are more information on arm position in blood pressure measurement, surprisingly little information can be found in the literature with respect to the influence of body position on the blood pressure readings in healthy young people. Methods. A total of 157 healthy young students who had accepted to participate in the study were randomly selected. In all subjects the blood pressure was measured subsequently in four positions: Sitting blood pressure was taken from the left arm, which was flexed at the elbow and supported at the heart level on the chair. After at least one minute of standing, the blood pressure was then taken standing, with the arm supported at the elbow and the cuff at the heart level. After one minute of rest, the blood pressure was subsequently taken supine position. Finally, after one minute the blood pressure was again taken in this last position with supine position with crossed legs. Results. The blood pressure tended to drop in the standing position compared with the sitting, supine and supine with crossed legs. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure was the highest in supine position when compared the other positions. There was a difference between systolic blood pressures and this was statistically significant (P < 0(.)001) but the difference between diastolic blood pressure was not statistically significant (P > 0(.)05). All changes in systolic blood pressure were statistically significant except those from supine to supine position with crossed legs. Relevance to clinical practice. When assessing blood pressure it is important to take the position of the patient into consideration. Also, blood pressure measurement must be taken in sitting position with the arms supported at the right a trial level.Öğe The effect of oropharyngeal aspiration before position change on reducing the incidence of ventilator- associated pneumonia(Springer, 2021) Akbiyik, Ayse; Hepcivici, Ziynet; Eser, Ismet; Uyar, Mehmet; Cetin, PerihanThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of oropharyngeal aspiration on ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) incidence just prior to changing patient position. This randomized controlled experimental study was conducted between July 2015 and April 2019 in anesthesiology and reanimation of intensive care unit (ICU). The patients of experimental group underwent oropharyngeal aspiration under surgical aseptic conditions before each position change. Patients of the control group received oropharyngeal aspiration only as needed. The mean age of the patients was 62.87 +/- 17.33 years. The mean and median duration of stay in the ICU were 27.28 +/- 30.69 and 18.00 days respectively. The mean and median of duration of the mechanical ventilation support were 26.72 +/- 30.65 and 18.00 (min 4; max 168) days respectively. Thirty percent of the patients were VAP. The mean duration of VAP development was 7.50 +/- 5.07 days. The rate of VAP development was 11.23/1000 mechanical ventilator days. Only 8.3% of the experimental group patients developed VAP; 91.7% of the control group patients developed VAP. The VAP rate in the control group was 16.82/1000 mechanical ventilator days and the VAP rate in the experimental group was 2.41/1000 mechanical ventilator days. Most VAP agents were multidrug resistant. Distribution of isolated microorganisms was as Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Corynebacterium striatum, Staphylococcus aureus, Providencia stuartii, Serratia marcescens, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Aspergillus flavus. in our study, it was concluded that oropharyngeal aspiration performed prior to patient position change prevented the development of VAP.Öğe The Effect of Pinna Position on Body Temperature Measurements Made with a Tympanic Membrane Thermometer in Pediatric Patients(Galenos Yayincilik, 2020) Orkun, Nilay; Eser, IsmetAim: the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of pinna position on body temperature measurements made with a tympanic membrane thermometer in pediatric patients. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted with a quasi-experimental design employing a pre-test and post-test. For analysis of the data, frequencies, percentages, means and standard deviations were calculated, and the significance of the difference between paired values was tested in order to investigate the effects of the auricle position on measurement values. Results: the age of the patients included in the study ranged between 6 and 13 years, and the mean age was 10.25 +/- 1.83 years. the mean difference between measurements in the two different positions was 0.35 degrees C. the measurements made in each position were represented in a Bland Altman plot. It was seen that the differences between the two positions were not distributed around zero, but instead showed a systematic distribution around 0.35 degrees C. There was a significant relationship between the differences and the mean values. the difference between the mean durations of the measurements was found to be 1.07 seconds longer with pinna positioning than without. the discomfort levels of the patients during temperature measurement without pinna positioning and with pinna positioning ranged between 0-2 and 0-4 according to the facial expressions scale respectively. During temperature measurement with pinna positioning and without pinna positioning, patients felt no discomfort. Conclusion: in measurements carried out using tympanic membrane thermometers in pediatric patients, positioning the auricle by pulling it downward posteriorly yielded more reliable and correct outcomes.Öğe Effect of polyethylene cover on the treatment of exposure keratopathy inICU(Wiley, 2020) Kocacal, Elem; Eser, Ismet; Egrilmez, SaitBackground Exposure keratopathy may lead to serious complications such as microbial keratitis, corneal perforation, and visual impairment if not treated. Aim To compare the effect of carbomer eye drops when used alone and in combination with polyethylene covers in the healing of exposure keratopathy. Methods A single blind randomized-controlled trial (RCT) in two intensive care units (ICUs) was carried out in a university hospital in Western Turkey between September 2011 and December 2012.The control group received only carbomer, eye drops while the intervention group received both carbomer eye drops and polyethylene covers. the primary outcome was the decrease or absence of corneal damage, which refers to healing. Corneal damage was followed up with a fluorescein dye test (decrease/absence of the corneal staining) by the same ophthalmologist for 10 days. Results A total of 43 corneas in 24 patients were studied. Corneal epithelial defects decreased in the intervention group by day 2 and progressed or remained unchanged in the control group every day (P= .001). Patient characteristics did not affect the grade ranges of corneal staining in the groups except for level of consciousness. Conclusion Carbomer eye drops, when used in combination with polyethylene covers, were effective in managing exposure keratopathy. Relevance to clinical practice Corneal damage and further ocular complications can be reduced with the utilization of polyethylene covers in nursing care and treatment.Öğe Effect of the Buzzy Application on Pain and Injection Satisfaction in Adult Patients Receiving Intramuscular Injections(Elsevier Science Inc, 2018) Sahin, Melek; Eser, IsmetAim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the Buzzy application on pain and satisfaction during injections. Background: Intramuscular injections usually cause some degree of pain at the injection site. Patients are often afraid of receiving injections because they perceive that it will be painful. Design: The study was a single-blind, randomized controlled trial. Method: Patients (n = 65) who receive diclofenac sodium intramuscularly at a state hospital in a city in the western region of Turkey were included in the study. The study data were collected by The Patient Information Form and Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Pain intensity and injection satisfaction scores were evaluated using the VAS. Results: According to the findings of this research, the post-injection pain intensity and injection satisfaction scores of patients in the application group were found to be higher than in the control group. Conclusion: In conclusion, the Buzzy device has the potential to reduce injection related pain in adult patients who may be fearful of receiving such injections. (C) 2018 by the American Society for Pain Management NursingÖğe Effectiveness of a honey dressing for healing pressure ulcers(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2007) Gunes, Ulku Yapucu; Eser, IsmetOBJECTIVE: To compare the effect of a honey dressing vs an ethoxy-diaminoacricline plus nitrofurazone dressing in patients with pressure ulcers. DESIGN: This 5-week randomized clinical trial evaluated the effect of a honey dressing on pressure ulcer healing. SETTING AND SUBJECTS: Thirty-six patients with a total of 68 stage 11 or III pressure ulcers referred from a university hospital in izmir were enrolled in the study. Twenty-six subjects completed the trial. INSTRUMENTS: Ulcers were measured with acetate tracings and Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing (PUSH) evaluations. METHODS: Fifteen patients with 25 pressure ulcers were treated with honey dressings, and 11 patients with 25 pressure ulcers were treated with ethoxy-diaminoacridine plus nitrofurazone dressings. Wound healing was assessed weekly using the PUSH tool version 3.0. The primary outcome measure was the change in PUSH tool scores in each group at 5 weeks. RESULTS: The two groups were statistically similar with regard to baseline and wound characteristics. After 5 weeks of treatment, patients who were treated by honey dressing had significantly better PUSH tool scores than subjects treated with the ethoxy-diaminoacridine plus nitrofurazone dressing (6.55 +/- 2.14 vs 12.62 +/- 2.15, P <.001), CONCLUSION: By week 5, PUSH tool scores showed that healing among subjects using a honey dressing was approximately 4 times the rate of healing in the comparison group. The use of a honey dressing is effective and practical.Öğe Effectiveness of Biofeedback Therapy on Quality of Life in Patients with Dyssynergic Defecation Disorder(Aves, 2021) Ozkutuk, Nilay; Eser, Ismet; Bor, SerhatBackground: The first option to be considered in the treatment of functional defecation disorder is to correct the dyssynergia. However, limited studies exist to show the effectiveness of biofeedback. Objective: We evaluated the effect of biofeedback on the severity of constipation, quality of life, and anorectal manometry in patients with dyssynergic defecation in which the biofeedback method was applied. Methods: Effectiveness of biofeedback method on the quality of life of 24 dyssynergic defecation patients according to Rome III criteria after clinical and balloon expulsion tests (BETs) and colonic transit time was measured. Data were collected with patient identification form, Bristol Stool Chart, Constipation Quality of Life Scale forms, Visual Analogue Scale, diaphragmatic breathing exercises form, constipation diary, and constipation biofeedback monitoring form. Dyssnergic defecation cases received 6-week biofeedback training. For the same timeframe, the control group had a catheter into the rectum without any intervention. Results: Constipation severity was reduced in both groups before biofeedback to post-biofeedback (P < .05). Anal canal pressure, BET, colonic transit time, and quality of life significantly improved in biofeedback patients compared with controls. Conclusions: Biofeedback has a favorable effect on therapy and quality of life in dyssynergic defecation cases.Öğe Effectiveness of polyethylene covers versus carbomer drops (Viscotears (R)) to prevent dry eye syndrome in the critically ill(Wiley-Blackwell, 2011) Guler, Elem Kocacal; Eser, Ismet; Egrilmez, SaitAim. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of the polyethylene covers versus carbomer eye drops to prevent dry eye syndrome in intensive care unit patients. Background. Concerns about eye care for critically ill patients remain an issue. Few studies have focused on the effect of polyethylene covers and eye drops. In addition, there are no studies comparing polyethylene covers and carbomer eye drops for critically ill patients. Design. A prospective, randomised and contralateral eye study was conducted. Methods. The study took place in an intensive care unit in 2007. Thirty-six eyes of 18 patients, who were under mechanical ventilation or unconscious for more than 24 hours in the intensive care unit, were studied. After examining the eyes of the patients with the Schirmer 1 test and fluorescein dye test, suitable patients were included in the study. One eye of the patient was randomly covered with a polyethylene cover every 12 hours, and carbomer drops were instilled on the other eye every six hours. All eyes were checked for an ocular surface abnormality by the same ophthalmologist everyday. The study interventions were continued until a defect was detected or for five days. Patients with a defect detected completed the study and were recorded as positive for the primary endpoint. Results. Carbomer drop was effective in prophylaxis of dry eye syndrome in only three of 18 patients, whereas polyethylene cover showed greater effect in 18 of 18 eyes at the end of the study (SD 0.3835, Z = -3.873, p < 0.001). A negative effect of greater rima palpebra in the resting position was observed in the efficacy of carbomer drop (r = -0.476, p < 0 05). Conclusion. This study suggests that a polyethylene cover is significantly effective in prevention of dry eye syndrome in intensive care patients. As an eye care intervention, the effectiveness of polyethylene cover should be supported by further studies. Relevance to clinical practice. This study, which is an initial step in preventing dry eye syndrome in critically ill patients, also offers a new and effective eye care method in these patients.Öğe Effects of Cold Therapy on Pain and Breathing Exercises Among Median Sternotomy Patients(Elsevier Science Inc, 2016) Zencir, Gulbanu; Eser, IsmetThe most painful activities during the days following cardiac surgery are coughing and deep breathing exercises. Cold therapy is an effective nonpharmacological method that decreases the pain during coughing and mobilization. In this study, the effects of cold therapy on pain and breathing exercises among patients with median sternotomy following cardiac surgery were investigated in a randomized crossover clinical trial. Data were collected from patients with median sternotomy (N = 34) in the first two postoperative days. Because of the crossover design of the study, each patient was taken as a simultaneous control. Gel pack application was used as the cold therapy. Patients underwent four episodes of deep breathing and coughing exercises using an incentive spirometer (volumetric). Patients were evaluated according to the visual analogue scale for pain intensity before and after deep breathing and coughing exercise sessions. The pain score was 3.44 +/- 2.45 at baseline for deep breathing and coughing exercises on the first day. The reported postoperative pain in the gel-pack group was not significantly different before and after the deep breathing and coughing exercises, but it significantly increased in the no-gel-pack group (p < .001). Although the interaction between the treatment and time was significant (partial eta-squared: .09), the gel-pack group had a lower change in average pain levels. This interaction was not significant in terms of spirometric values. In conclusion, cold therapy had a positive effect on pain management in the early period of post-cardiac surgery but was not effective for the pain associated with breathing exercises. (C) 2016 by the American Society for Pain Management NursingÖğe Effects of Reiki on Post-cesarean Delivery Pain, Anxiety, and Hemodynamic Parameters: A Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial(Elsevier Science Inc, 2015) Midilli, Tulay Sagkal; Eser, IsmetThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Reiki on pain, anxiety, and hemodynamic parameters on postoperative days 1 and 2 in patients who had undergone cesarean delivery. The design of this study was a randomized, controlled clinical trial. The study took place between February and July 2011 in the Obstetrical Unit at Odemis Public Hospital in Izmir, Turkey. Ninety patients equalized by age and number of births were randomly assigned to either a Reiki group or a control group (a rest without treatment). Treatment applied to both groups in the first 24 and 48 hours after delivery for a total of 30 minutes to 10 identified regions of the body for 3 minutes each. Reiki was applied for 2 days once a day (in the first 24 and 48 hours) within 4-8 hours of the administration of standard analgesic, which was administered intravenously by a nurse. A visual analog scale and the State Anxiety Inventory were used to measure pain and anxiety. Hemodynamic parameters, including blood pressure (systolic and diastolic), pulse and breathing rates, and analgesic requirements also were recorded. Statistically significant differences in pain intensity (p = .000), anxiety value (p = .000), and breathing rate (p = .000) measured over time were found between the two groups. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups in the time(p = .000) and number (p = .000) of analgesics needed after Reiki application and a rest without treatment. Results showed that Reiki application reduced the intensity of pain, the value of anxiety, and the breathing rate, as well as the need for and number of analgesics. However, it did not affect blood pressure or pulse rate. Reiki application as a nursing intervention is recommended as a pain and anxiety-relieving method in women after cesarean delivery. (C) 2015 by the American Society for Pain Management NursingÖğe Effects of Reiki on Post-cesarean Delivery Pain, Anxiety, and Hemodynamic Parameters: A Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial(Elsevier Science Inc, 2015) Midilli, Tulay Sagkal; Eser, IsmetThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Reiki on pain, anxiety, and hemodynamic parameters on postoperative days 1 and 2 in patients who had undergone cesarean delivery. The design of this study was a randomized, controlled clinical trial. The study took place between February and July 2011 in the Obstetrical Unit at Odemis Public Hospital in Izmir, Turkey. Ninety patients equalized by age and number of births were randomly assigned to either a Reiki group or a control group (a rest without treatment). Treatment applied to both groups in the first 24 and 48 hours after delivery for a total of 30 minutes to 10 identified regions of the body for 3 minutes each. Reiki was applied for 2 days once a day (in the first 24 and 48 hours) within 4-8 hours of the administration of standard analgesic, which was administered intravenously by a nurse. A visual analog scale and the State Anxiety Inventory were used to measure pain and anxiety. Hemodynamic parameters, including blood pressure (systolic and diastolic), pulse and breathing rates, and analgesic requirements also were recorded. Statistically significant differences in pain intensity (p = .000), anxiety value (p = .000), and breathing rate (p = .000) measured over time were found between the two groups. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups in the time(p = .000) and number (p = .000) of analgesics needed after Reiki application and a rest without treatment. Results showed that Reiki application reduced the intensity of pain, the value of anxiety, and the breathing rate, as well as the need for and number of analgesics. However, it did not affect blood pressure or pulse rate. Reiki application as a nursing intervention is recommended as a pain and anxiety-relieving method in women after cesarean delivery. (C) 2015 by the American Society for Pain Management NursingÖğe Effects of Reiki on Post-cesarean Delivery Pain, Anxiety, and Hemodynamic Parameters: A Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial(Elsevier Science Inc, 2015) Midilli, Tulay Sagkal; Eser, IsmetThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Reiki on pain, anxiety, and hemodynamic parameters on postoperative days 1 and 2 in patients who had undergone cesarean delivery. The design of this study was a randomized, controlled clinical trial. The study took place between February and July 2011 in the Obstetrical Unit at Odemis Public Hospital in Izmir, Turkey. Ninety patients equalized by age and number of births were randomly assigned to either a Reiki group or a control group (a rest without treatment). Treatment applied to both groups in the first 24 and 48 hours after delivery for a total of 30 minutes to 10 identified regions of the body for 3 minutes each. Reiki was applied for 2 days once a day (in the first 24 and 48 hours) within 4-8 hours of the administration of standard analgesic, which was administered intravenously by a nurse. A visual analog scale and the State Anxiety Inventory were used to measure pain and anxiety. Hemodynamic parameters, including blood pressure (systolic and diastolic), pulse and breathing rates, and analgesic requirements also were recorded. Statistically significant differences in pain intensity (p = .000), anxiety value (p = .000), and breathing rate (p = .000) measured over time were found between the two groups. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups in the time(p = .000) and number (p = .000) of analgesics needed after Reiki application and a rest without treatment. Results showed that Reiki application reduced the intensity of pain, the value of anxiety, and the breathing rate, as well as the need for and number of analgesics. However, it did not affect blood pressure or pulse rate. Reiki application as a nursing intervention is recommended as a pain and anxiety-relieving method in women after cesarean delivery. (C) 2015 by the American Society for Pain Management Nursing
