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    Investigation of Botanical Origin, Phenolic Compounds, Carotenoids, and Antioxidant Properties of Monofloral and Multifloral Bee Bread
    (John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2023) Çobanoğlu, D.N.; Şeker, M.E.; Temizer, İ.K.; Erdoğan, A.
    Bee bread is a unique natural product made by bees and good for human health. It has many bioactive molecules that can treat or prevent diseases. In this study, melissopalynological methods were used to examine five bee bread samples. Major plant sources found in bee bread were Lotus spp., Trifolium spp., and Xeranthemum spp., which are from the Fabaceae and Asteraceae families. Then, the amount of phenolic compounds and major carotenoids in bee bread (BB) samples were quantified. Gallic acid, caffeic acid, quercetin, and kaempferol were found in all BB samples, with ?-carotene being the most abundant carotenoid in all but BB1. In addition, the total phenolic/flavonoid content and antioxidant activities of all BB samples were determined. Total flavonoid, total phenolic, DPPH?, and ABTS?+ values were varied between 5.6–10.00 mg GAE/g DW, 1.2–4.3 mg QE/g DW, 1.2–5.5 mg TEAC/g DW, and 2.6–15.4 mg TEAC/g DW, respectively. © 2023 Wiley-VHCA AG, Zurich, Switzerland.
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    Microalgal carotenoids: Biotechnological aspects for industrial applications
    (Apple Academic Press, 2023) Erdoğan, A.; Dalay, M.C.
    Microalgae produce a variety of valuable substances for human health. Carotenoids are among these compounds with high antioxidant and colorant properties as well as their health effects. While microalgae have the potential to produce novel and/or high amounts of carotenoids, large-scale production of microalgae and downstream processing of carotenoids present challenges. This chapter provides a broad overview of carotenoid production from microalgae and its extraction, saponification, analysis, identification, and commercialization. The opportunities and challenges facing the carotenoid markets have also been addressed. An emphasis was made on the legal aspects associated with the commercial production of microalgae-based carotenoids for food/feed, nutraceutical, and cosmetic industry worldwide. The microalgal carotenoid market will most likely continue to expand due to the increasing demand for natural products. In terms of various biotechnological aspects, more work needs to be done before carotenoids can be placed on the market. © 2023 Apple Academic Press, Inc. All rights reserved.
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    XPS methodologies for the chemical characterizations of biomaterials and polymers
    (Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2023) Erdoğan, A.; Esen, M.; Dursun, Z.
    The chemical composition, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and adaptability of polymers make them useful in many contexts and in the development of biomaterials. They can be functionalized with different biomolecules. The surface properties of biomaterials and polymers are very important since many complex reactions occur on their surfaces. Their surface properties change when these surfaces are modified by adding functional groups via physical and chemical methods. Describing the surface functions of biomaterials and polymers is therefore essential for influencing the surface structure and comprehending the behavior of these materials. XPS is one of the most important instruments for describing the association between biomaterial and polymer surface characteristics. The characterization of biomaterials and polymers should be done in a detailed and multidisciplinary manner. Biomaterials researchers come from a diverse range of fields. Therefore, XPS analysis of the very different samples was presented in this chapter. First, some basic information about XPS is given so that readers can better understand the characterization studies regarding polymers and biomaterials. Then, detailed information is given on the different types of analysis performed with XPS and finally specific examples are presented for comprehensive characterization. In this chapter characterization of different polymers, nano/biomaterials, tissue engineering and dental applications performed by XPS are briefly discussed. © 2023 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.