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Öğe Change in cotton plant quality in response to application of anaerobically digested sewage sludge(Elsevier, 2022) Tepecik, Mahmut; Ongun, Ali Riza; Kayikcioglu, Huseyin Husnu; Delibacak, Sezai; Elmaci, Omer Lutfu; Celen, Ahmet Esen; Ilker, EmreTreated municipal sewage sludge (TSS) was applied to the cotton plant at rates of 10, 20 and 30 t/ha per year. Seed cotton yield (71.4%), lint yield (67.7%) and cottonseed yield (74.1%) were increased signifi-cantly when sludge was applied at a rate of 30 t/ha (TSS3). The effects of TSS applications on seed yield, lint yield and cottonseed yield were listed as TSS3 > TSS2 > CF > TSS1 > C according to the applications. The increasing TSS levels had a positive effect and increased the total N concentration compared to the control. The highest N value was observed in TSS3 plots, while the lowest value was recorded in control (C) plots. The highest P value was found in control (C) at 0.80% and in 10 t/ha (TSS1) at 0.80%, while the lowest value was found in the TSS2 application (0.70%). The K concentration of cottonseed increased with the increasing TSS rates, from 1.56% in control plots to 2.20% in 20 t/ha application (TSS2). Corresponding to the TSS levels, the calcium of plant tissues was determined by a range of 0.12-0.13%. The treatments of TSS and mineral fertilizer had similar effects on the Mg content of cottonseed, which was in the range of 0.38-0.43%. Na content in plant tissue increased with increasing dose of sludge application compared to control soils. Increasing doses of TSS had no significant effect on the concentrations of iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn) and boron (B) in cottonseed. The order of the elements with respect to their amounts in cottonseed was as follows: Fe > Zn > Na > B > Mn > Cu. The concentrations of non-essential elements (Ni, Cd, Cr, Pb, Hg and As) in cottonseed were below the permissible limits. (c) 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).Öğe Does the Ammonium Fixation Capacity of Soils Have a Significant Effect on the Nitrogen Nutrition of Wheat?(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2011) Secer, Muzeyyen; Elmaci, Omer Lutfu; Erdemir, OyaPot experiments were conducted on three soils differing in their ammonium (NH4+) fixation capacity [high = 161 mg NH4-nitrogen (N) kg(-1) soil; medium = 31.5 mg NH4-N kg(-1) soil; and no = no NH4-N was additionally fixed], and the effect of N fertilizer forms and doses on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was investigated. Grain yields responded to almost all forms of N fertilizer with 80, 160, and 240 kg N ha(-1) in the high, medium, and no NH4+ fixing soil process, respectively. Agronomic efficiency of applied N fertilizers was significantly greater in the no NH4+ fixing soil. Thousand grain weights (TGW) of wheat grown on the high and medium NH4+ fixing soil decreased with increasing N. Grain protein increased with increasing NH4+ fixation capacity. Nitrogen doses and the forms of N fertilizers affected grain protein at a significance level. The combination of urea + ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) was most effective in increasing grain protein content.Öğe The Effects of Organic Wastes on Soil and Cotton Quality with respect to the Risk of Boron and Heavy Metal Pollution(Hindawi Ltd, 2016) Secer, Muzeyyen; Elmaci, Omer Lutfu; Ceylan, SafakThe effects on soil and cotton quality of organic wastes from medicinal and aromatic plant factories were investigated with regard to the risks of boron and heavy metal pollution. Oily cumin, oregano, oilless oregano wastes, and mineral fertilizers were applied to cotton in two field experiments performed in the years 2003 and 2006. The Pb content of the soil differed significantly in the 2003 experiment and oregano wastes had significantly decreasing effect. Boron of soil to which oily cumin wastes had been applied reached a toxic limit value in 2006. Boron in soil adversely affected long fibres; B in leaves had a positive effect on the fineness of fibres in 2006. Soil Ni adversely affected plant height in 2006 and seed cotton yield in 2003. Leaf Ni had an adverse effect on fibre elasticity in 2006. Soil Co increased ginning out-turn and Cr decreased the fibre fineness of cotton in 2003.Öğe Effects of tomato-based rotations with diversified pre-planting on soil health in the Mediterranean soils of Western Turkey(Elsevier, 2020) Kayikcioglu, Huseyin Husnu; Duman, Ibrahim; Asciogul, Tansel Kaygisiz; Bozokalfa, Mehmet Kadri; Elmaci, Omer LutfuTurkey ranks fourth among the tomato (Lycopersicon lycopersicum L.) producers in the world and the tomato varieties extend to 40 % of the total vegetable yield of the country. Farmers have continued to cultivate tomato due to the economic potential of this crop in the main vegetable growing regions of Turkey. Intensive agriculture without employing crop rotations and the inclusion of the excessive and the same type of chemical fertilizers continuously regardless of the soil properties reduces the productive capacity of the soil and adversely affects its ecosystem functions. A three-year (2016-18) diversified cropping system combined with field experiments and employing reduced tillage was conducted in Izmir, a semiarid region in Western Turkey, adopting the randomized complete block design with three replications. Six different tomato-based rotations with diversified preplanting comprising two, three and four different plant species [CR1 (tomato / corn / mustard); CR2 (tomato / bean / mustard); CR3 (tomato/corn/wheat/mustard); CR4 (tomato / bean / wheat / mustard); CR5 (tomato / corn / fallow); CR6 (tomato / bean / fallow)] were employed to evaluate the impact on the parameters of soil health such as basal soil respiration, nitrogen mineralization, and the activities of the enzymes dehydrogenase and beta-glucosidase. in the tomato phases, soil samples were drawn on the 16th day after planting of the seedlings at 0-20 cm depth in April 2016 and April 2018. the multivariate analysis of variance revealed that different crop rotations (Treatment: CRs), and their interaction (TreatmentxYear) on the soil microbial characteristics were significantly different in terms of the dependent variables (P < 0.01). on analysis, the microbial parameters in the experimental soils soared by 36 % with the CR2, followed by a 29 % increase with the CR6 compared to the initial levels in both treatments. the average results at the completion of the experiment revealed that design CR4, which included legumes and experienced the greatest variety of plants in the rotation, encouraged 18-30 % more microbial activity than did the other treatments. Our results suggest that two diverse cropping systems CR4 and CR2 managed with reduced tillage could benefit soil health by improving soil respiration, N-mineralization, and the actions of the dehydrogenase and beta-glucosidase enzymes. As both the fertilizer and irrigation inputs in CR4 were lower than in the other rotations, it could be recommended as a sustainable ecological and feasible crop rotation model for processing the tomato production under the Mediterranean climatic conditions.Öğe AN EVALUATION OF THE HEAVY METAL CONTENT OF SOIL, LEAVES AND FRUIT IN STRAWBERRY PLANTATIONS IN THE GEDIZ BASIN(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2021) Bayram, Seda Erdogan; Elmaci, Omer Lutfu; Secer, MuzeyyenIn recent years, yield-focused production in agriculture aimed at meeting the world's increasing need for food has brought with it a number of damaging environmental problems. Among the most important of these is the accumulation of heavy metals in the soil, deriving from the uninformed and excessive use of agricultural fertilizers. Over the years, these heavy metals accumulate in the soil, from where they are taken up by plants, which are then eaten by animals, directly affecting the plant-animal-human food chain. In this study, an analysis was made of heavy metal pollution arising from the uninformed use of fertilizers and pesticides for strawberry production in the Gediz Basin of Turkey. The research was performed on two varieties of strawberry, Festival and Camarosa, which are widely grown in the area. Taking samples from plantations of each variety, ten soil samples were examined for their physical and chemical characteristics and total heavy metal content, and the heavy metal content of leaf and fruit samples was investigated. The soil-plant relationship was evaluated using the Pearson correlation test. The findings of the study showed no Cr, Cd, Co, Pb or Ni pollution according to national and international standards in the soils of the basin. The leaves of the two varieties in the two years of the experiment showed that the amounts of Cd were above the limit values. Pb and Cr contents of leaves were found to be respectively 50% and 30% above the critical values. Regarding the content of the heavy metals investigated in the fruits, only Cd and Pb showed values above the acceptable levels. Positive correlations were determined between the soil and leaf Cd contents and soil, leaf and fruit Pb contents only in the first year of the experiment in the soils of the Camarosa variety. The differences between the heavy metal contents of soil, leaf and fruit of the two varieties were found to be insignificant in both years examined.Öğe Influence of Tomato and Paprika Paste Residues on Soil Properties and Potato Growth(Foundation Environmental Protection & Research-Fepr, 2013) Ceylan, Safak; Secer, Muzeyyen; Elmaci, Omer LutfuIn this study seven different applications were performed with the residues of tomato paste factories, green tomatoes, cold processed tomatoes, paprika wastes, ashes of milk processing, and urban wastes in a field experiment on potato growth. The residues were combined with the mineral N, P, K fertilizer as soil amendments. These wastes were applied to the soil and allowed to compost for five months before the Solanum tuberosum cv. Marabel were planted. During vegetation the K and B minerals in the soil decreased whereas, Na increased. The nitrogen, Zn, and B of the leaves were below adequate levels. The iron in the leaves was above adequacy and Cr was under the critical value. The green tomato and paprika wastes had a diminishing effect on leaf Cd. The paprika paste wastes with the addition of minerals N and P increased many elements in the tubers to the highest level by fresh weight. Co and Pb were considerably higher by the dry weight of the tubers than most of the given values. The tuber yield was greatest with "Mineral K +Wastes N, P". Tubers with a diameter >55 mm were affected by the treatments significantly and "Wastes Only" was the most effective treatment. "Waster K+Mineral N, P" had a dominating effect on all of the quality parameters of the tubers.Öğe Influence of Tomato and Paprika Paste Residues on Soil Properties and Potato Growth(Foundation Environmental Protection & Research-Fepr, 2013) Ceylan, Safak; Secer, Muzeyyen; Elmaci, Omer LutfuIn this study seven different applications were performed with the residues of tomato paste factories, green tomatoes, cold processed tomatoes, paprika wastes, ashes of milk processing, and urban wastes in a field experiment on potato growth. The residues were combined with the mineral N, P, K fertilizer as soil amendments. These wastes were applied to the soil and allowed to compost for five months before the Solanum tuberosum cv. Marabel were planted. During vegetation the K and B minerals in the soil decreased whereas, Na increased. The nitrogen, Zn, and B of the leaves were below adequate levels. The iron in the leaves was above adequacy and Cr was under the critical value. The green tomato and paprika wastes had a diminishing effect on leaf Cd. The paprika paste wastes with the addition of minerals N and P increased many elements in the tubers to the highest level by fresh weight. Co and Pb were considerably higher by the dry weight of the tubers than most of the given values. The tuber yield was greatest with "Mineral K +Wastes N, P". Tubers with a diameter >55 mm were affected by the treatments significantly and "Wastes Only" was the most effective treatment. "Waster K+Mineral N, P" had a dominating effect on all of the quality parameters of the tubers.Öğe Measurement of seasonal variations in methane and carbon dioxide emissions from dairy manure management under warm climate conditions(Inst Investigaciones Agropecuarias - Inia, 2026) Deri, Esin; Adali, Mutlu; Unal, Halil Baki; Akdeniz, Ramazan Cengiz; Elmaci, Omer Lutfu; Azbar, NuriDairy manure management is a major contributor to greenhouse gases (GHG), and its quantification under warm climatic conditions is essential for improving mitigation strategies and emission inventories. The GHG emissions, including methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2), were quantified in a free-stall dairy farm housing 1300 lactating cows under warm-climate conditions in & Idot;zmir, T & uuml;rkiye. In situ measurements were conducted over a 1 yr period using the flux chamber method across five emission source areas (ESA): Barn floor, paddock, slurry manure storage (SMS), solid manure pile (SMP), and liquid manure lagoon (LML). The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD test to evaluate seasonal variations (p < 0.05). The highest CH4 flux in SMP in summer (210 & micro;mol m(-2) s(-1)) was 5.1 times higher than winter. The CH4 flux in LML in summer (36.35 & micro;mol m(-2) s(-1)) was 4.8 times higher than winter. In SMS, the highest CH4 flux occurred in autumn (38 & micro;mol m(-2) s(-1)), which was 5.9 times higher than spring. The highest CO2 flux was 1126 & micro;mol m(-2) s(-1) in SMP in summer. The annual contribution of LML (31.3 t CH4 yr(-1)) in all ESA is 61.85%. The farms annual emission factors for CH4 (EFCH4) and CO2 (EFCO2) are 39.59 and 979.11 kg hd(-1) yr(-1), respectively. The highest EFCH4 is 0.117 kg CH4 hd(-1) d(-1) during summer in LML. Additionally, it is understood that the combination of rubber mats and scraper systems may comparatively reduce in-barn CH4 formation relative to barns where other bedding materials are used. These results indicate that, particularly in dairy farms located in warm climate regions such as T & uuml;rkiye, high emissions occur from liquid manure stored in open-air conditions at high temperatures and development of liquid manure management strategies priority for emission mitigation.Öğe Nutritional Status of Pepper (Capsicum annuum) Fields in the Manisa-Akhisar District(Univ Namik Kemal, 2019) Bayram, Seda Erdogan; Elmaci, Omer Lutfu; Ozden, NejatThis study was conducted out to detenninethe nutritional status of pepper fields in the Manisa-Akhisar district, where intensive pepper agriculture is practiced. A total of 30 leaf samples and soil samples taken from 0-30 cm depth where three different varieties of pepper were being grown commercially, and an analysis was made of fertility and plant nutrients. The fields where the capsicum plantations were located are 2500-3000m(2) in size and are watered with a dripirrigation system. According to the results, organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, iron and manganese content of the soil and total nitrogen of the leaves was found to be generally inadequate. in this way it was established that growers in the area should pay attention in their fertilization programmes both the organic and nitrogen, phosphorus, iron, and manganese fertilization.
