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Öğe Effects of composts obtained from olive oil production wastes on organic tomato seedling production(Int Soc Horticultural Science, 2017) Tuzel, Y.; Varol, N.; Oztekin, G. B.; Ekinci, K.; Merken, O.; Ozetkin, GB; Tuzel, YThe aim of this experiment was to evaluate by-products of olive oil production in compost production and to test them in different rates as tomato ('Melis') seedling growing medium. Therefore, three different types of olive oil production wastes (two-phase and three phase olive mill wastes and olive oil waste water sludge) were composted with separated dairy manure, poultry manure, and straw using aerated static pile composting methods to obtain three different types of composts separately. Additionally, each compost was enriched with cotton seed meal, potassium salt, and rock phosphate. In the experiments, different rates (25, 50, 75 and 100%) of six different composts were added to peat which is locally available. Seeds were sown on July 21, 2015. Each treatment had 4 replicates and each replicate included 64 plants in a tray. Seedlings were fertilized by liquid composted farmyard manure and seedlings were ready for transplanting after a month. Some physical and chemical properties of each growing medium, germination rate of seeds and seedling vigor were determined. Germination period extended with the increase of compost rates in peat. Compost materials obtained from the mixture of olive oil production wastes were found to be appropriate in composting without a need of enrichment and their performances were close each other due to the changes in terms of their effects on tested characteristics. However, results were promising in order to be able to evaluate the olive oil wastes in seedling production and a rate of 25% could be proposed.Öğe Effects of composts obtained from two different composting methods on organic tomato seedling production(Int Soc Horticultural Science, 2017) Oztekin, G. B.; Ekinci, K.; Tuzel, Y.; Merken, O.; Ozetkin, GB; Tuzel, YCharacteristics of growing medium and nutrition are the major factors affecting the seedling quality. In organic seedling production, those factors become more important due to the limitations in input use. Peat is the most common medium used in organic seedling production. However, it is a non-renewable resource and peat bog exploitation is considered not sustainable over the long terms. The objective of this experiment was to develop a growing medium for organic tomato ('Melis') seedlings with an alternative to 100% peat, using different agricultural wastes as the raw material of compost. Therefore, the mixture containing rose oil processing wastes, separated dairy manure, poultry manure, and straw was composted in (1) aerated static pile and (2) turned windrow composting methods. In the experiments, different rates (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%) of composts obtained from the two different methods were added to peat which is locally available. Seeds were sown on July 21, 2015. Each treatment had 4 replicates and each replicate included 64 plants. After 3 days in germination room, plants were moved to a PE greenhouse which is specialized for seedling growing. Liquid organic fertilizer was used for fertilization. Some physical and chemical properties of each growing medium, germination rate of seeds and seedling vigor were determined. The effects of growing media in both types on seed germination, shoot fresh and dry weights and dry matter were found statistically different. Among the different ratios of composts, germination period was the longest in 100% compost use and shoot biomass decreased with increasing compost rate. It was concluded that the mixture of 25% of compost, produced with the turned windrow composting method could be a good alternative to 100% peat use in tomato seedling production.Öğe Effects of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria and olive waste compost on organic tomato seedling production(International Society for Horticultural Science, 2020) Tuzel, Y.; Oztekin, G.B.; Ekinci, K.; Varol, N.; Ozaktan, H.; Besirli, G.The aim of this experiment was to evaluate composts produced from by-products of olive oil production as a constituent of growing media and to improve seedling growth with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in organic tomato seedling production. Two composts, two-phase (2POMW) and three-phase (3POMW) olive mill wastes with separated dairy manure, poultry manure, and straw using aerated static pile composting methods were produced. Composts obtained from 2POMW and 3POMW are named as C1 and C2, respectively. C1 and C2 were separately enriched by rock phosphate and potassium salt (EC1 and EC2). In this experiment, 25 and 50% compost rates were selected based on our previous results and used to mix with local peat (LP), respectively. Treated seeds with Bacillus subtilis (strain 66/3) and Pseudomonas fluorescens (strain 112) were sown on March 7, 2017. Peat (100%) and non-PGPR treated seeds were used as controls. Each treatment had 4 replicates and each replicate included 64 plants in a tray with a volume of 33 mL each. After 3 days in germination room in dark at 24°C, seedlings were moved to a greenhouse. Some physical and chemical properties of each growing medium, germination rate and period, seedling vigor, leaf color and chlorophyll content (SPAD) were determined. The effects of PGPRs and growing media on many measured parameters were found statistically different. The treatment 25% EC1+75% LP mixture gave the highest seedling biomass, germination rate and period followed by 25% EC2+75% LP. Olive mill wastes had a higher chlorophyll content, seedling height, shoot fresh weight and root and shoot dry weights than peat. It was concluded that usage of enriched composts with a rate of 25% could be an alternative to reduce the amount of peat in organic tomato seedling production and their effects can be improved with the use of either B. subtilis or P. fluorescens. © 2020 International Society for Horticultural Science. All rights reserved.Öğe Effects of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria combined with composts obtained from rose oil processing wastes on organic tomato seedling production(International Society for Horticultural Science, 2020) Oztekin, G.B.; Tuzel, Y.; Ekinci, K.; Ozaktan, H.; Besirli, G.The objective of this experiment was to assess the performance of compost in organic growing medium with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) for organic tomato cultivar 'Rio Grande' seedling production. The study was conducted during the spring growing season of 2017. Two different composts previously obtained from a mixture containing rose oil processing wastes, separated dairy manure, poultry manure, and straw composted by two methods (aerated static pile: ASP and turned windrow: TW) and their mixtures (1:1 and 1:3; v/v) with local peat (LP) were used as a growing medium. Seeds treated with Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas fluorescens were sown on March 7, 2017. Peat and non-PGPR treated seeds were used as controls. All media were sifted before use. After 3 days in germination room, seedlings were moved to a PE greenhouse specialized for seedling growing. Liquid organic fertilizer was used for fertilization. Some physical and chemical properties of each growing medium, seed germination rate and period of seeds, seedling vigour, leaf color and SPAD index for chlorophyll were determined. The effects of PGPR on most measured parameters were found significant. Among the tested PGPRs, B. subtilis improved seed germination rate and vigour, reduced germination period and leaf chlorophyll content. Based on the seed vigour test, peat and compost produced from ASP showed better performance and were found comparable. In conclusion, compost produced from ASP can be used in organic tomato seedling production and B. subtilis × 50% compost-ASP + 50% LP was found to be the most promising based on the measurements of seedling growth parameters. © 2020 International Society for Horticultural Science. All rights reserved.
