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    Controlled deterioration test as vigor assessments in pepper seed lots: 1. Determination of appropriate seed moisture content
    (Int Soc Horticultural Science, 2007) Kavak, S.; Ilbi, H.; Eser, B.; Duman, I.; Sivritepe, HO; Sivritepe, N
    Seed vigor testing is now a common practice for quality control of seed lots. For pepper seed lots, there is no vigor test that has been widely accepted or suggested by ISTA. This research has been carried out in order to develop a possible procedure of controlled deterioration test that can be used as a vigor test method for pepper seeds. As the first stage of this research, 3 different seed moisture contents (20, 22 and 24% at 45 degrees C for one day) were tested on 24 seed lots (from different seed companies) to determine the appropriate seed moisture content for controlled deterioration test. Also, the standard germination test, cool germination test, at different temperatures (15 and 18 degrees C) and field emergence test were performed on the same lots. While the controlled deterioration tests at different moisture contents, were significantly correlated with both field emergence and cool germination test at 15 degrees C, the highest correlations were found between controlled deterioration test at 24% moisture content and field emergence test (r = 0.807) or cool germination test at 15 degrees C (r = 0.795). Therefore, in our further researches on developing procedures for controlled deterioration test, 24% moisture content will be tested at different test temperatures and periods.
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    Effects of crop rotation on yield and quality parameters of grafted watermelon (Citrullus lanatus L. (Thumb.) Matsum. & Nakai.) under organic management conditions
    (International Society for Horticultural Science, 2020) Tulukoğlu Kunt, K.S.; Duman, I.
    Grafted watermelon seedlings have been recently demanded by Turkish farmers due to early harvesting, high yield and resistance against soil-borne diseases. Similar challenges also effect watermelon production under organic agriculture conditions. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine the effects of crop rotation and certified organic fertilizers on yield and several quality properties of the grafted watermelon onto Cucurbita moschata under organic agriculture conditions. The study was carried out with 4 rotated crops and 2 fertilizer applications. Rotation plants are broccoli (Brassica oleraceae var. italica), faba bean (Vicia faba), common vetch (Vicia sativa) and natural vegetation (fallow). The plants were cultivated in compliance with organic agriculture regulations valid in Turkey, and biomass was incorporated into soil as a green manure before transplanting of the grafted watermelon seedlings. Harvesting was done twice depending on maturation level of the fruits and yield values were recorded per hectare and per plant. Some fruit quality parameters (total soluble solids (TSS), fruit flesh color, fruit sizes, etc.) were also measured at the first harvest. Statistical analyses showed that the effects of crop rotation and fertilizer application on yield (t ha-1) were statistically important (p?0,05), and the highest yield was found in plots treated with fertilizer (74.31 t ha-1). Additionally, the highest yield within fertilizer applications is obtained from plots where vetch was the pre-crop (87.65 t ha-1). Although pre-crops have no statistically significant effect on fruit weight, fertilizer application (7.94 g) significantly increased fruit weight (p?0.05). There are clear differences found in fertilizer applications regarding the TSS content of the fruit (10.73%). Broccoli pre-crops with and without fertilizers had the highest fruit firmness value (1.28 kg). Vetch and fertilizer combination seemed to be more effective treatments in enhancing yield and quality in grafted watermelon production. © 2020 International Society for Horticultural Science. All rights reserved.
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    IMPACT OF CLIMATIC CHANGES ON PLANT PRODUCTION IN KUCUK MENDERES BASIN OF EGE REGION/TURKEY
    (Scibulcom Ltd, 2018) Hepaksoy, S.; Duman, I.; Tatar, O.; Kurucu, Y.
    The Kucuk Menderes Basin is important for plant production and today, many temperate fruit species, vegetables and field crops are cultivated commercially in this region. Due to the increase in temperature and the decrease in rainfall, it is likely that the species grown will change. In this study, downscaling models based on artificial neural networks have been established for the average and maximum temperature total precipitation projections of meteorological stations in the basin. These models indicate the possibility that changes in the pattern of the crops that are being cultivated today are compulsory. Some parts of the basin, in which certain vegetables and field crops may have problems growing, will be able to grow these crops without any problems. Conversely, it will not be possible to grow a number of the fruit species that are currently in production.
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    Performance of organic vegetable rotations under Mediterranean experimental and on-farm conditions
    (Int Soc Horticultural Science, 2016) Bilen, E.; Ozsoy, N.; Bayram, C. A. Nazik; Unal, M.; Aslan, B.; Kaya, S.; Duman, I.; Al Bitar, L.; Aksoy, U.; Bellon, S; Granatstein, D; Urban, L
    Vegetables are generally grown as intensive systems on small plots, and their economic significance is of utmost importance in the Mediterranean countries. Even if organic management became widespread around the Mediterranean basin starting in the 1980s, long-term rotations based mainly on vegetables are quite rare. The performance of organic farming systems relies on economic, technical and ecological outputs. A four-year experiment was carried out between 2006 and 2010 at the Ege University experimental site (Izmir/Turkey), in cooperation with the CIHEAM Mediterranean Institute of Bari. Recommended practices were tested in commercial farming conditions during the fifth year. The four-year rotation program was designed as follows: in winter months, experimental plots had broccoli, broad bean, vetch or fallow (natural vegetation), followed by a main crop that changed yearly in the following order: tomato, zucchini, pepper and eggplant. Broccoli represented the farmer's choice as a winter vegetable and vetch and broad bean as green manure. Additionally, organic-certified commercial compost was added during the summer cycles as a standard amendment. The effect of pre-crops and main crops on soil organic matter, primary nutrients, weed abundance and yield, were assessed for each main crop cycle. Soil N, P and K contents of the experimental plot were kept at rich or sufficient levels for four years, and yields obtained for the summer vegetables were within the regional averages. Based on the economic and technical outputs, best practices, identified as vetch or broccoli + zucchini and vetch or broccoli + tomato, were tested under farm conditions. This paper summarizes the major results on soil fertility and yield and quality of tested crops obtained under experimental and onfarm conditions. Based on five-year results, broccoli and vetch are recommended as the two successful pre-crops for winter where summer vegetables are the main crops.
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    Possibilities of genetic re-improvement in open pollinated processing tomato cultivars: a case study from Turkey
    (Eugen Ulmer Gmbh Co, 2006) Duzyaman, E.; Duman, I.; Gumus, M.; Esiyok, D.; Vural, H.
    Open-pollinated (OP) processing tomato cultivars are preferred in Turkey by resource-poor farmers. Seven seed or tomato paste companies (14% of the total) were found to be still distributing OP seeds. Seed samples of 38 different seedlots from a total of 6 cultivars ('C-37', 'Interpeel', 'Rio Fuego', 'Rio Grande', 72 Improved' and 'VF 6203') were collected. Only 68.4% of the seed sources (26 seedlots) were free of seed-borne viral (tomato mosaic virus) or bacterial (Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis) pathogens. In replicated field trials, conducted in the districts of Karacabey (Marmara Region) and Muradiye (Aegean Region), seedlots of OP cultivars were generally inferior to F, hybrids ('Brixy', 'NDM 055' and 'Shasta') in yield and technological traits. In principal component (PC) analysis, F, hybrids were the most separated group, while the phenotypes of some OP seedlots were more heterogenic. Hybrids were mainly separated by the 1st PC axis which mainly contains yield and degrees Brix x yield (degrees BxY). Besides source-specific genetic differences, high degrees of phenotypic variances for yield were also present within most seedlots. Cultivar purity is apparently lost following many seed multiplication cycles carried out by the seed companies and/or the farmers. A comparison of selected populations with their original populations revealed that selection significantly increased yield and degrees BxY in all cultivars. Possibilities for genetic re-improvement are also discussed.